Earlier Sections Research Articles

Coronavirus Pandemic and Worries during Pregnancy; a Letter to Editor.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a new respiratory disease that is spreading widely throughout the world (1). There is no valid information available on pregnant women and their complications. But given previous epidemics (SARS and MERS), as well as mental and physical changes during pregnancy (2), pregnant women are more likely to be exposed. On the other hand, the Coronavirus epidemic has created stress and anxiety for pregnant women in different parts of the world. Concern and stress in pregnancy are associated with side effects such as preeclampsia, preterm labor, depression, low birth weight, increased nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, preterm labor, low birth weight, low APGAR (3-5). In the Coronavirus pandemic, pregnant women cited the following causes of their concerns: - Many pregnant women have had a birth plan before pandemic, but are currently worried about how their families (mothers) will be present, given the urban and quarantine constraints, moreover, even if there is no inter-urban restriction, they may be worried about their families being transferred in transit. - Many pregnant women do not go to work due to concerns that they may be exposed to Coronavirus due to the hospital environment or the route of the hospital and may be postterm. Or even vice versa, because of stress and worry they want an early termination and elective cesarean section. - Many pregnant mothers are employed, constantly using sodium hypochlorite and alcohol detergents to control and prevent the virus, which can lead to poisoning. Some other pregnant mothers, on the other hand, become obsessed with stress and anxiety and are more likely to use these detergents. Some mothers are worried about their fetal or their neonate being born. Also, some mothers worry about postpartum such as breastfeeding, neonatal care (postpartum vaccination, screening). Increasing mothers 'awareness about the transmission of Coronavirus, risk factors, red flags , as well as providing tele counselling for pregnancy care and tele-triage help reduce anxiety and worry. It is also recommended that in cities where home birth and home services are available after birth and home care services, the medical team should provide these services at home while maintaining safety.

Early-Career Radiologists' Perceptions of National Corporations in Radiology.

Radiology, like many medical specialties, has experienced an increase in nationalized corporatization. The most vulnerable cohorts affected by this trend are early-career radiologists (ECRs), including trainees and recent graduates, particularly those entering or who have recently entered private practice. The aims of this study were to examine the awareness and perspectives of ECRs regarding this trend and to share salient examples of the impact of corporatization. From February 20, 2019, through May 28, 2019, an online survey of the members of the ACR's Resident and Fellow Section and Young and Early Career Professional Section was conducted. Respondents were queried about their awareness of corporatization, their opinions of how it affects radiology, their preferred practice type, whether they know other ECRs affected by corporatization, and whether they worry about their practices or future practices being acquired. A free-response opportunity was also provided for respondents to share their relevant personal experiences. A total of 602 ECRs returned completed surveys. Of this total, 85% of respondents were aware of national corporatization, 86% believe that corporate entities harm radiology as a specialty, 83% prefer to join independent private practices with 79% wanting to be involved in leadership or business, and 72% worry about their practices or future practices being acquired by national entities. Twenty-five percent of respondents submitted unique free responses regarding their experiences with corporatization. The majority of ECRs surveyed have negative perceptions of corporatization in radiology, prefer to join independent practices, and worry about their practices selling to national corporations.

Complications of Antenatal Corticosteroids in Infants Born by Early Term Scheduled Cesarean Section.

To compare neonatal hypoglycemia and respiratory morbidity rates in pregnancies complicated by diabetes following early term scheduled cesarean section (ETSCS) with and without maternal corticosteroid administration. In a retrospective cohort study, women with any form of diabetes in pregnancy undergoing ETSCS were included. Primary outcomes were admission rates to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)/transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and/or neonatal hypoglycemia. NICU admission rates for neonatal hypoglycemia were significantly higher (24.2% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.003) and RDS/TTN rates were nonsignificantly higher (15.2% vs. 7.2%, P = 0.209) following corticosteroid administration. Corticosteroids were not beneficial among women with any form of diabetes in pregnancy undergoing ETSCS and, indeed, may be harmful. In our hospital, we have ceased the use of corticosteroids for women under these circumstances.

Effect of early post-cesarean section exercises on early resumption of women’s functional activities

Background Mothers undergoing cesarean section need more care than mothers undergoing vaginal delivery, and the time needed for recovery of post-cesarean section mothers is more than those needed for vaginal delivery. Aim To examine the effect of early post-cesarean section exercises on early resumption of women’s functional activities. Design A quasi-experimental design (i.e. nonequivalent control group design) was adopted for the present study. Setting The study was conducted at the antenatal unit and postpartum cesarean section unit at Shebin-Elkom University Hospital, Al-Menoufia Governorate, as well as women’s homes for follow-up. Sample A purposive sample of 60 mothers who underwent cesarean section was recruited in the study. This sample was divided into the study and the control groups, with 30 mothers in each group. Tools Data were collected by using the following: (a) an interviewing Questionnaire Schedule, (b) visual analog scale for pain intensity, (c) visual analog scale for functional activities, (d) Likert scale for daily activities at home, and (e) follow-up sheet for postoperative complaints at home. Results There were statistically significant differences between the study and the control groups regarding passage of first flatus, ability to perform functional activities like getting out of bed and walking, ability to perform daily activities at home, and occurrence of complaints such as constipation and breast engorgement (P≤0.001). Conclusion Post-cesarean section exercises were effective, as shown in early resumption of functional activities and high ability to perform daily activities. Recommendation Early post-cesarean section exercises should be integrated into the nursing care protocol in obstetric departments.

Late Cretaceous stratigraphy in the Mudurnu–Göynük Basin (Turkey) and inferences on sea-level change in the Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian

Abstract Upper Cretaceous strata at Göynük, northwestern Anatolia, Turkey, provide a geological record of the Campanian–Maastrichtian from the Sakarya Terrane along the active Neotethys margin. Shales and shaly marls with siliciclastic and volcaniclastic intercalations indicate a pelagic palaeoenvironment rich in planktonic and benthonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossil assemblages. A composite record from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian records nannofossil standard zones UC15c (CC21) to UC20a (CC26) as well as the Globotrunanella havanensis planktonic foraminifera Zone to the Racemiguembelina fructicosa planktonic foraminifera Zone. The complete ‘mid’-Campanian to early Maastrichtian composite section can be correlated to other western Tethyan sections. The Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary is positioned between the first occurrence of the planktonic foraminifera Gansserina gansseri and the last occurrence of the nannofossil Uniplanarius trifidus . Clastic input and higher sedimentation rates constrain regional sea-level lowstands around the late Campanian calcarata Zone and the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary, corresponding to the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary event.

Fragments and Fury

Fragments and Fury David Greven (bio) Bruce Isaacs. The Art of Pure Cinema: Hitchcock and His Imitators. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. 272 pp. $39.95 paperback. I have often considered my critical stance on Brian De Palma an anomalous one. While I consider Alfred Hitchcock the greatest of classical Hollywood directors (a placeholder description given his transatlantic career), I consider De Palma the greatest postclassical Hollywood director. Important critics of De Palma, such as Adrian Martin, Terrence Rafferty, Thomas Leitch, Pauline Kael, and especially Robin Wood, have defended his aesthetics, and specifically defended his work against the dread charge of “ripping-off Hitchcock,” but not very many critics have written from a position of partisanship for both directors. (Kael famously angered Andrew Sarris and others by perversely proclaiming De Palma the infinitely greater director, but Eyal Peretz essentially follows suit in his book on De Palma, Becoming Visionary: Brian De Palma’s Cinematic Education of the Senses [Stanford University Press, 2008].) In The Art of Pure Cinema, Bruce Isaacs has, more than any other critic I have read, shed light on the peculiar and heady relationship between Hitchcock and De Palma, and in so doing has produced a thrilling account of De Palma’s aesthetics that illustrates its singular force and overlaps with Hitchcock’s. Isaacs also sheds revelatory light on Hitchcock, who, while not the sole focus of this book, is treated with ample rigor. Perhaps most thrillingly of all, Isaacs stages— and ably inspires—a bracing conversation among Hitchcock and several of his “imitators”: De Palma and the giallo [End Page 146] directors Dario Argento, Mario Bava, and Lucio Fulci. This is a book I have long waited for, and it exceeds my expectations in its finesse, rigor, insightfulness, and—most notable of all—committed demonstration of the art of close reading and textual analysis in this era of detachment and distance in Film Studies, characterized by what we can call archival hegemony. Isaacs brilliantly breaks new ground by covering the seemingly well-covered terrain of Hitchcock’s theory of “pure cinema.” Excavating the meanings of this term, how Hitchcock got to it, and what it means for his cinema and its disciples is Isaacs’s foundation. He points out that a desire to create “a cinema unaffiliated with earlier artistic forms” was not unique to Hitchcock but a goal shared by many early twentieth-century aesthetic modernists (15). “Pure cinema . . . was a European avant-garde movement that emerged during the mid-1920s in Paris,” incorporating elements of German expressionism and Soviet montage and exemplified by the work of filmmakers Henri Chomette and Germaine Dulac (16). The latter was particularly relevant to Hitchcock’s early development as a film theorist, as was, of course, F.W. Murnau, the great German expressionist director whose filmmaking Hitchcock observed first-hand (The Last Laugh, 1924). Isaacs discusses connections between Murnau’s and Dulac’s views on pure cinema, which coalesced in Hitchcock’s thought. Isaacs makes sure to clarify that Hitchcock did not take an active interest in Dulac’s writings and films; instead, “his aesthetic development occurred in relative proximity to the emergence” of the pure cinema movement that Dulac led (18). Isaacs contends that Hitchcock’s cinema is one in which “narrative and representational form is increasingly distilled into the abstraction of cinema’s pure formal and phenomenological elements: relations within space, movement, time (and thus duration), perception, affect, and intensity” (23). No wonder the giallo artists found his work so resonant! An early section of Isaacs’s book includes a remarkably fresh and detailed look at the scene in Frenzy [End Page 147] (1972) when the murderer Rusk takes the deeply likable Babs, his unfortunate next victim, up the stairs to his flat, saying she is really “my type of woman,” before Hitchcock’s camera ominously backtracks into the street, where the ambient street noises slowly engulf the soundtrack. Isaacs painstakingly analyzes this sequence in order to demonstrate Hitchcock’s negotiation, tethered to the impact of the tracking shot, of realist and anti-realist techniques, and he emphasizes a new excessiveness in the director’s style, excess being a key linkage among Hitchcock and his adrenalized...

Self Bearing Witness

Self Bearing Witness Devin King (bio) Three Poems Hannah Sullivan Farrar, Straus and Giroux www.us.macmillan.com 80 Pages; Print, $11.99 There are indeed three poems in Hannah Sullivan's new book. They are long and go down like a smoothie in an airport. Healthy-ish but there's ice cream in there. The first, about doing drugs and gettin' laid, is called "You, Very Young in New York" and is about fifteen pages. The second and third are each about thirty pages; their titles are "Repeat Until Time" and "The Sandpit after Rain." They're about 1) the death of Sullivan's father and 2) the two-week-late and C-section birth of her child. Hugh Kenner and Joan Didion references, as well as gestures to Tinder and reflexology tell you what you need to know about the poet. Do you like The New Yorker but skip the poems and the fiction? You might enjoy this book. Sullivan, a Harvard grad now teaching at Oxford, has also written an academic book about revision and the modernists. Because the poems are so long, Sullivan works quasi-narratively. What does that mean for her? The poems gain movement out of section breaks. Rather than use these short, usually page-long sections to dose the reader with a series of fragile lyric moments, Sullivan charts low-key emotional changes in her narrator. These are slight emotions, and Sullivan is good about alternating their provenance. The emotions are generally presented to the reader through four millennial languages: the feminist body, Western new age "yoga" mysticism (and all its kin), grumpy acquiescence to the possibility of freedom through acceptance of the market, and the referential language of the academic. Each detail that leads to a slight emotional shift—the discovery of a new cocktail, whispers from a Tinder date, or reading Henry James—suddenly coalesce as the key moments leading to the ego transition that bursts through the end of each poem. Here, she is replacing bereavement cards for the death of her father with congratulations for her new baby in the final poem: Look at the mantelpiece with its tents.My life is at a distance from my life.Like the Telegraph announcements column,Not always as interesting as the weather,and certainlyLacking the true frisson of pleasureThat the elderly take in the dying,The jilted in the newly engaged. This is one of the better stanzas in the book. The foregrounded engagement with Heraclitus in an earlier section ("Repeat Until Time" is subtitled "The Heraclitus Poem") earns her a concentrated, personal maxim of change: "My life is at a distance from my life." The three poems are in chronological order and the effect is additive. Slow change suddenly total. The self bearing witness. The astonishing appearance of some concrete fact in James comes to mind (there's a section on him in the second poem), or how Zweig uncovers the years of tension leading to someone handing someone [End Page 28] else a napkin. Mannered pre-war Europe in NPR America. Instead of a tourist playing chess or reading novels, we see Sullivan on the internet. From "You, Very Young in New York" : On Yelp someone has written, 'This cakesmells so goodIf I ever have to go on a respirator (*knockon wood) I hope they use this cake case as myrespirator.'(*knock on wood*)…The bakery is in Astoria, on Broadway and28th.On Street View you look at strangers' faces,at the averted gaze Of men in sportswear smoking in front ofF*MOUS BRANDS,At takeout bikes, nail salons, Turkish icecreamstands, And a grocery store with an unlit sign, 'HotCoffee,' Notice the slight difference between this, the bored internet time of Sullivan's twenties when she dreams of all the stores she will visit, and what she does following acupuncture sessions to induce birth in her late thirties. From "The Sandpit After Rain": I get a discount on the final session,'It wasn't going to work, as I said…'The date must be wrong, miscalculated.Soon it will be the year of the sheep.And what...

The majority of early term elective cesarean sections can be postponed

Introduction To minimize the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity it is recommended that elective cesarean sections should not be done before 39-week gestation unless medically indicated. However, elective cesarean sections are still being performed at early term (at 370–386 weeks gestation) without sound medical indications. In this study, we evaluated the indications for elective cesarean sections performed at early term to assess the proportion of procedures that could possibly have been postponed until ≥39 weeks to avoid neonatal respiratory morbidity. Material and methods Maternal and neonatal information was collected from medical records on all elective cesarean sections performed in singleton pregnancies at ≥370 weeks gestation over a 20-year period in a population with secure ultrasound gestational age assignment. Indications were grouped and uterine scar, breech, or transverse presentation and maternal request classified as nonurgent. Results There were 3411 elective cesarean sections performed at ≥37-week gestation, of which 790 (23.2%) were at 370–386 weeks. Medical indications were present for 34% (272/790), but 65.6% (518/790) could possibly have been postponed until ≥390 weeks. Of the neonates 5.7% developed respiratory morbidity if delivery was at 370–386 weeks gestation compared to 2.4% at 390–421 weeks gestation (p < .001). Conclusion Of elective cesarean sections before 39-week gestation two-thirds were done without a clear medical indication, thereby exposing the newborn to an increased risk of respiratory morbidity. Scheduling elective cesarean sections at ≥39-week gestation is important to minimize the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity, unless a clear medical indication dictates earlier delivery.

6600 years of human and climate impacts on lake-catchment and vegetation in the Julian Alps (Lake Bohinj, Slovenia)

Mountain grazing and ore processing had a significant impact on the Alpine environment in the last 5000 years, but few studies have so far focused on environmental changes of the south eastern Alps. This study investigates the vegetation history and sedimentary processes in the catchment of Lake Bohinj (Julian Alps, Slovenia), where a 12-m-long core was collected in the central part of the lake. Sediment in the early Holocene section of the core was partially reworked due to a major seismic event dated to 6711–6523 yr cal BP (Rapuc et al. 2018), therefore a detailed palaeoenvironmental reconstruction was performed only for the top 4.4 m of the core. Here the results of mineralogical, sedimentological, geochemical, stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N), and pollen analysis are presented in order to better understand the impact of people (agriculture, grazing, mining) on the environment, and climate-human interactions over the last 6600 years.The results of palynological research suggest that at ca. 6000 yr cal BP Lake Bohinj was surrounded by mixed forest composed of Picea, Abies, deciduous Quercus, with Fagus becoming dominant after ca. 3300 yr cal BP. In the Bronze and especially the Iron Age (3500–2500 yr cal BP), when the region was, according to archaeological data, densely populated, clearing of forests due to agriculture, livestock production and metallurgical activities was detected through Cerealia type pollen, Plantago lanceolata, and the decline of Abies. These activities probably triggered soil erosion recorded as increased sedimentation rates. In the subsequent centuries human impact on the environment continued (increased), but it seems that the watershed was not destabilised again. Several periods of high terrigenous input were recorded at 6100–6000, 5700–5550, 5000–4600, 3900, 3700–3550, 2300–2200 yr cal BP and could be associated with a mobilisation of river inflow from the eastern flysch bearing catchment, due to river migration during periods of wetter climate. These flood patterns match with periods of enhanced flood activity in the wider Alpine region.

The Headman, the Regent and the ‘Long Walk to Freedom’

This posthumously published article was completed by Philip Bonner (d.2017) in 2010 as a longer paper commissioned by the Nelson Mandela Foundation. To our knowledge, it has not been published, and we have edited it, with permission, into a suitable form for a journal article. This has involved shortening, reducing some of the extended historiographical discussion and cutting some of the informal writing. Bonner was initially asked to investigate possible discrepancies between passages in the early sections of Nelson Mandela’s autobiography, A Long Walk to Freedom, and the archival records that have survived. He found valuable information about Mandela’s father, Gadla Henry Mandela, and Mandela’s guardian, Jongintaba or David Dalindyebo. These flesh out considerably the material in existing published sources, including Long Walk, about the political context of Mandela’s childhood and youth. Bonner tries to resolve some chronological problems in family memory, as reported in Long Walk, and to explain certain stories in this text. He explores in detail the context of Gadla Henry Mandela’s dismissal as headman and the decline of family fortunes, and Jongintaba’s appointment as regent of the Thembu. In the process, Bonner makes important general arguments about the significance of land and succession disputes in Transkeian politics at this time (c.1920–1940), as well as the frequency and character of regencies in southern African kingdoms. He also touches on the language of witchcraft in local politics. The article adds to knowledge about Thembu politics during Mandela’s youth, analyses the oral memory reported in Long Walk and contributes to the historiography both of Mandela and of Transkeian society.

Perinatal outcomes in pregnant patients presenting with antepartum hemorrhage: Our experiences at a teaching hospital in Central Punjab.

Objectives: Antepartum Hemorrhage is bleeding from or into the genital tract from the period of viability of fetus (28 weeks) till the end of second stage of labor. Antepartum hemorrhage is associated with a very high perinatal mortality rate. We present our experience of perinatal outcomes in cases of antepartum hemorrhage with the aim of highlighting the cause of antepartum hemorrhage and the adverse outcomes. Study Design: Descriptive Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha. Period: Jan 2018 to Jun 2018. Material and Methods: Ninety six pregnant patients between ages of 15-45 years diagnosed as cases of antepartum hemorrhage were enrolled. Patients with coagulation disorders, twin pregnancies, abnormal lie or presentation, previous scar and any known congenital anomaly. Cause of antepartum hemorrhage and mode of delivery was recorded. Perinatal outcomes were determined in terms of frequencies of perinatal mortality, stillbirth and low birthweight babies. Results: The etiology of antepartum hemorrhage in our setup was placenta previa (43.75%); placental abruption (37.5%); Toxemia (10.41%) and unclassified causes in 8.33% patients. The perinatal mortality rate was 43.75% in our study. The overall frequency of low birthweight babies and stillbirth was 62.5% and 27.08% respectively. Conclusion: Antepartum hemorrhage is a major cause of perinatal mortality in our country. A prompt diagnosis of the cause followed by early cesarean section can help reduce the overall mortality.

New insights into ice accumulation at Galena Creek Rock Glacier from radar imaging of its internal structure

AbstractThe ice-cored Galena Creek Rock Glacier, Wyoming, USA, has been the subject of a number of studies that sought to determine the origin of its ice. We present new observations of the rock glacier's internal structure from ground-penetrating radar to constrain ice and debris distribution and accumulation. We imaged dipping reflectors in the center of the glacier that are weak and discontinuous, in contrast to strong reflectors toward the edge of the cirque beneath large debris-avalanche chutes. These reflectors form a network of concave-up, up-glacier dipping layers. We interpret these as englacial debris bands formed by large debris falls buried by subsequent ice and snow accumulation. They are discontinuous where ice outpaces debris accumulation, but with sufficient debris accumulation an interleaved pattern of ice and debris layers can form. We propose a model in which the ice in these interleaved layers is snowfall preserved by debris-facilitated accumulation. Large debris falls that occur in early spring bury sections of the snowpack, which are then preserved through summer and incorporated into the rock glacier body over time. This study highlights the importance of sequential accumulation of ice and debris for understanding the dynamics of rock glaciers and debris-covered glaciers.

Early Triassic oceanic red beds coupled with deep sea oxidation in South Tethys

Carbonate oceanic red beds (ORBs) are unusual in Phanerozoic shelf settings but can be widespread during discrete intervals. Several scenarios have been invoked to explain the origin of these ORBs but there remains uncertainty about the process by which the red pigmentation of ORBs forms. Here, we propose that the occurrence of ORBs at intermediate water depths in shelf regions is controlled by fluctuations in the redox state of deeper waters. We have examined Early Triassic Peri-Gondwana shelf sections in South Tibet which show the development of Spathian (late Early Triassic) ORBs at intermediate water depths. The red color of these ORBs is imparted by randomly dispersed hematite crystals that are microns in size, showing weak alteration by late burial diagenesis. Widespread anoxia, in both shelf seas and the oceanic realm, was well developed in the Early Triassic. Synchronous occurrence of Spathian ORBs in deep shelf regions is closely related to the improved oxidation in deeper settings, from anoxia to dysoxia, based on changes in the redox proxy of pyrite framboid sizes. It is, therefore, inferred that prolonged deep-water anoxia might serve as source of Fe (II) for the formation of ORBs when intensified upwelling develops. The global occurrence of Early Triassic ORBs is coincident with the significant rebound of biodiversity after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, indicating the occurrence of ORBs marks the terminal stage of an oceanic anoxic event and ORBs can serve as an indicator of the ameliorated marine ecosystem.

How to Revise a True War Story: Tim O'Brien's Process of Textual Production

How to Revise a True War Story: Tim O'Brien's Process of Textual Production

Loss Reserving Models: Granular and Machine Learning Forms

The purpose of this paper is to survey recent developments in granular models and machine learning models for loss reserving, and to compare the two families with a view to assessment of their potential for future development. This is best understood against the context of the evolution of these models from their predecessors, and the early sections recount relevant archaeological vignettes from the history of loss reserving. However, the larger part of the paper is concerned with the granular models and machine learning models. Their relative merits are discussed, as are the factors governing the choice between them and the older, more primitive models. Concluding sections briefly consider the possible further development of these models in the future.

Early Cretaceous tectonomagmatic evolution and basin development of western Bangong–Nujiang suture: A complete history of soft collision

Uncertainty surrounding the Early Cretaceous tectonomagmatic evolution and basin development of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ) limits understanding of the history of Meso-Tethys Ocean and the initial uplift and large-scale metallogenesis of the Tibetan Plateau during the Mesozoic. Here we present new geochronological, geochemical and isotopic data for the Early Cretaceous volcano-intrusive rocks (including quartz-diorites, tholeiitic andesites, and bajaitic latites) around the western segment of the BNSZ (W-BNSZ). We also report an Early Cretaceous deep-water volcano-stratigraphic section newly identified in this region. Based on these new data and information available for the BNSZ, we propose that the W-BNSZ and surrounding regions had already entered a stage of soft-collisional land-locked basin evolution during the Early Cretaceous. The land-locked basin underwent limited uplift related to the initial soft collision during the earliest Early Cretaceous, resulting in the formation of a regional unconformity between Shamuluo Formation shallow-marine sedimentary rocks and underlying ophiolitic mélange. Subsequently, the basin experienced continuous subsidence related to sinking and rollback of the Bangong oceanic slab, leading to the occurrence of deep-water flysch deposits (e.g., the Zhaga Formation). The Bangong oceanic slab was completely detached from the overlying soft-collision zone at ca. 113 Ma, resulting in the strong isostatic uplift of the whole soft-collision zone. Consequently, seawater receded from W-BNSZ and surrounding regions during the late Early Cretaceous–Late Cretaceous. Our study also shows that the western segment of the South Qiangtang terrane experienced long-lived intermediate magmatism (130–104 Ma) under this soft-collision regime. Intermediate magmas of this age originated from partial melting of juvenile lower crust, fractional crystallization of mantle-derived mafic magmas, and partial melting of metasomatized mantle-wedge peridotites, and these processes were driven by the break-off, rollback, and complete detachment of the Bangong oceanic slab, respectively.

Biostratigraphic significance of the tetrapod assem¬blages of the Timan- North Urals region and adjacent areas

New and specified data on the composition of the Triassic tetrapod assemblages of the Timan-North Urals region, the Mezen syneclise and the eastern part of the Moscow syneclise have been given. The succession of the Triassic tetrapod communities known in this area includes eight assemblages, seven of which correspond to the contemporary communities of the terrestial vertebrates known from other regions of the East European platform and the Cisurals. The first assemblage, known from the basal Triassic of the Mezen and Moscow syneclises, is Early Induan in age. The second, third and fourth assemblages are dated by Early Olenekian age and typical for the middle part of the Early Tri-assic section of the Timan-North Urals region, the Mezen and Moscow syneclises. The Late Olenekian fifth and sixth assemblages characterize the upper part of the Lower Triassic of the Northern Cisurals, the Moscow and Mezen syneclises. The seventh assemblage characterizes the base of the Middle Triassic (Lower Anisian) of the Northern Cisurals and has no analogues in other regions of the platform and of the Cisurals. The eighth assemblage is known from the upper part of the Middle Triassic of the Northern Cisurals and is Late Ladinian in age.

Latency as a predictor of originality in divergent thinking

Previous research on divergent thinking (DT) indicates that fluency, originality, and flexibility change with time. Although there is a drop in the ideational productivity per minute, ideas tend to get more original and flexible as time passes, a phenomenon known as the order effect. The present research extends previous findings of longer latencies during flexible ideation and examined the relationship between latency and originality. 1325 verbal and 488 figural responses generated by 83 people were analyzed in a multilevel model (MLM) where ideas were nested under the type of DT tasks and the DT task(s) was nested under individuals. Originality was measured with a semantics-based algorithm and latency was measured as the difference in time between consecutive ideas. Analysis controlling the response order found that originality was higher with a longer latency. These findings indicate that longer think time (TT) is a predictor of originality. This holds true in both early versus late sections of DT, as well as across different type of DT tasks. The results are interpreted in terms of associational processes and executive functions.

Olympic Distance Amateur Triathlete Chronotype Profile

It seems that the athletes tend to select and pursue sports that suited their chronotype. Elite triathletes show to comprise high proportions of morning-types (MTs), differently from general population. Possibly the early morning training sections, characteristics in this sport modality, favors athletes presenting morning types profile. There are no data about amateur triathletes chronotype, but probably there are also a high percentage of morning type, mainly because the training sessions occur even earlier, once amateurs need to work after the training. As the training sessions occur early in the morning, it is possible for morning-type athletes are able to develop higher intensity trainings and thus having better physiological adaptations. However, there are no data about chronotypes and physiological profile. PURPOSE: Characterize the chronotype profile in a group of triathlon amateur competitors who participate in the Olympic distance triathlon race. Verify if there are association between chronotype profile and physical fitness in amateur triathletes. METHODS: Thirty-nine men and six women who had subscribed to compete in the sixth stage of the 26thBrazil Triathlon Trophy (26o Troféu Brasil de Triathlon) in the Olympic distance participated in this cross-sectional observational study. Participants were evaluated for anthropometric characteristics (body mass, height, and body composition through [DXA]), aerobic physical fitness (maximum oxygen consumption [V ̇O2max], anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation point, maximum aerobic velocity [MAV] and running economy [RE]). Chronotype profile was evaluated using Horne-Ostberg morning-eveningness questionnaire. RESULTS: According to the chronotype questionnaire 66.7% of the volunteers (69.2% men and 50.0% women were classified as morning profiles (22.2% definite morning and 44.4% as moderate morning) and only 6.7% were classified as evening profiles. There were no significant correlations between chronotype profiles and the physical fitness variables. CONCLUSIONS: Amateur triathletes show to comprise high proportions of morning-types, but the physiological profile is similar between the different existing chronotypes.

Claim Models: Granular and Machine Learning Forms

The purpose of this paper is to survey recent developments in granular models and machine learning models for loss reserving, and to compare the two families with a view to assessment of their potential for future development. This is best understood against the context of the evolution of these models from their predecessors, and the early sections recount relevant archaeological vignettes from the history of loss reserving. However, the larger part of the paper is concerned with the granular models and machine learning models. Their relative merits are discussed, as are the factors governing the choice between them and the older, more primitive models. Concluding sections briefly consider the possible further development of these models in the future.