Novels Research Articles

Female Psychology in Kathanayagi

In recent literary genres novels has got a unique identity. Novels describes about the autobiography, historical studies, real life incidents and these are the story line of novels. Novels are written as an attempt to solve social problems and the problems faced by women. Psychology can be defined as how an individual react in the Society and not only that but also his learning ability, memory power and the loss of memory. The basic thing which is responsible for the creation of literature is human thoughts and feeling. They create literature based on their female experiences or of what they learn from circumstances and emotions play a vital role in the novels. Since the characters exhibit a volume of emotions, there is a spontaneous flow of psychological impacts. Tamil literary books and Tamil novels are the outcome of mixed human feelings in various situations. This essay is an abstract of various feeling and thoughts of human like guilty, emotions and the hidden thoughts, written by famous novelist Aandal Priyadharshini.

Neomodernism and the Social Novel: Rachel Cusk’s Outline Trilogy

ABSTRACT This essay examines Rachel Cusk’s remarkable and widely lauded Outline Trilogy, aiming to clarify the nature, significance, and lineage of its experimental form. Literary modernism’s shaping force on Cusk’s writing is attested to in her essays and interviews, and the Woolfian affinities of her earlier novels have been recognized. The marked stylistic departure of The Outline Trilogy, I argue, arises from an even deeper neomodernist engagement, a reckoning with the fundamental narrative discontents that underlay Woolf’s experimentalism. Cusk’s own experimental drive arises anew from the old dissatisfactions with what Woolf called “the machinery of fiction,” combined with a similar devotion, nonetheless, to the examination of people, relationships, and sociopolitical “forms” (Levine). The trilogy elucidates the conditions and limitations, as well as the enduring appeal and unexhausted possibilities, of the social novel. It renews that tradition by regrounding storytelling in its native habitat of social life and resituating the figure of the writer as observer, listener, and conveyor of tales. Fundamentally, the trilogy affirms the possibility of connection through the exchange of stories and locates itself in that field of possibility by approaching narrative, including the novel, not as mimesis but as, always, a relational, situated act.

O poetičkim kontinuitetima i diskontinuitetima (roman Klobuk Petra Sarića u kontekstu njegove romaneskne poetike)

Interpretation of an author's literary work compared to other literary works of the same author necessarily leads to understanding the similarities and differences that this work brings in relation to those that precede it, which means that it is necessary to talk about poetic continuities (which are inevitable) and poetic discontinuities (which are expected). Deciding to connect the plot of his latest novel Klobuk (2021) to the drama of a hero - Turkish leader Asan Begenišić, who was taken to the Janissaries as a child - Šaric made a step into the more distant past than he does in his earlier novels, but remained consistently faithful to the recognizable epic environment, patriarchal culture and tradition, way of storytelling, etc., With his focus on events and character(s) from the historical past and the Montenegrin space, with his novel Klobuk Petar Sarić expresses his consistency with his poetic world, well known from the novels Dečak iz Lastve, Petruša i Miluša, Sutra stiže Gospodar, Strah od svetlosti and Sara. However, he connected the basic story of the novel - the story of klobuk dizdar Asan (Jovan) Begenišić - with the memory of the story he grew up with, which significantly influenced the formation of the world of his literary work. The focus on the personal drama of the protagonist makes this novel by Sarić more psychologically complex, and the emphasized process of symbolization and open concept of narration more modern in relation to everything that this writer published during half a century of creation. With his latest novel, Sarić showed not only full creative and narrative maturity, but also the ability and courage to bring the elements that make up probably his greatest quality into the built and recognizable poetic world of his novels. This primarily refers to the symbolic layer of the novel with which the writer made the greatest poetic discontinuity in relation to previous achievements.

ABSURDITY, NIHILISM AND THE EXISTENTIAL CRISIS: A STUDY OF MISTRY'S NOVELS THROUGH THE LENS OF EXISTENTIALIM

Existentialism as a philosophy became popular after World war I when the entire Europe was in the moral crisis of, to be or not to be. Europe paid the price of being too ambitious. The European countries till World War I was flourishing leaps and bounds but it's greed for owning more territory led to power tussle and the ambitions of a few cunning leaders thrust a big chunk of population of the world under the threat of death. Millions perished and the other millions related to them looked and cried for a messiah , a second coming that can save them from the human predicament that they were witnessing. But no second coming happened. This gave rise to nihilism, absurdity and existential crisis and the same was reflected in the post modern writers. The non-European writers also experienced the same crisis because the post modern novelists also raised these timeless questions and through their characters they try to resolve but without any success. The absurdity and helplessness of human beings as an entity of this whole cosmos is projected in post modern literature. The paper brings out the existential crisis is conspicuous in Rohinton Mistry's novels. The characters raise their heads against their destiny but in the end they surrender before the cosmic forces. Mistry's novels cover a wide array of issues ranging from diasporic crisis, hybridity and post-colonial crisis. The existential crisis is dominant in his novels. The predicament faced by the marginalized characters is explored in this study.

Victims of Soviet Terror in the Prose of Sergey Lebedev and Nikolay Kononov: The Prism of Postmemory

This article discusses the prose of the Russian writers Sergey Lebedev and Nikolay V. Kononov, who address state terror and violence. The aforementioned authors take into account the experience of the post-Holocaust European culture of remembrance, which is constituted by the figure of the victim and tends to interpret the tragic events of the Soviet past using the concepts and theoretical frameworks of memory and trauma studies. In this article, Lebedev’s and Kononov’s prose is seen as an integral part of the Russian liberal-oriented memory project, which is based on late-Soviet dissident culture, the perestroika “culture of repentance,” and Western cultural models of “working through the past.” In rediscovering the topic of Stalinist terror, Lebedev and Kononov reassert its ideological and moral significance and attempt to place it on the current public agenda. Both writers proceed from the need to redress injustices against the victims of state violence, whose suffering was long silenced in the USSR. They work with documents, personal testimonies, and family history to tell stories of victims missing from the historical record and thus undermine the dominance of the state-supported heroic narrative. Such an approach brings Lebedev and Kononov closer to the tradition of Soviet camp prose, but this was prose of testimony, created by survivors of camps: the modern novelists have no such experience and rely on their imagination, documents, and previous representations of Stalinist terror. They consider the historical experience of state terror and the figure of the victim from the perspective of postmemory (M. Hirsch), which prompts them to postulate the existence of so-called “inherited trauma” and explore its social and emotional consequences in the lives of different generations. Thus, they observe the “post-existence of the GULAG” and paradoxical interactions between victims and perpetrators through the prism of “inherited” trauma and memory.

Paul Auster’s Transcendentalism: Shifting Postmodern Sensibility in the New Millennium

This article traces Paul Auster’s shift in sensibility after the 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. While his earlier novels where paradigmatic of postmodern self-referentiality, several critics have argued that his post-9/11 production turned towards realism. This might be interpreted as subsidiary evidence in favor of the polemic debate around the death of postmodernism. However, the aim of this article is to outline the transformation of the writer and offer explanations as to why that change in sensibility does not respond to a divestiture of postmodernism, but to an intensification of it. I trace Auster’s alternative to postmodern relativism, that is, transcendentalism, to arrive at the conclusion that his stance towards it is the same in his later novels.

A different perspective on the foreign: Murat Belge

The concept of “foreign” and its translation is a controversial issue of translation studies in recent years. The main focus of this study is on the translations of foreign elements in modernist novels of James Joyce and William Faulkner into Turkish by a famous Turkish translator, Murat Belge. Foreignness is not limited to foreignization strategy, and there are more to discover about it beyond the claims of Schleiermacher and Venuti. In this study, foreignness is evaluated in three perspectives as foreign for source culture, foreign for translator and foreign for the target culture. In the evaluation, more concepts are benefited from like cultural distance, the horizon of expectation and cultural foreign. Besides, the mentioned foreignness is not taken into consideration just in terms of translation strategies because modernist narrative techniques’ as the stream of consciousness, interior monologues, and unusual time flow have effects on this foreignness in the frame of this study. In the light of the chosen examples from Joyce’s A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man and William Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying, translations of these modernist narrative techniques were scrutinized. It was concluded that Belge’s source-oriented and foreignizing translation strategy preserves the foreignness of the original works and foreignization was an unusual translation strategy for Belge’s time, the 1960’s in Turkey. At the end of the study, new concepts are brought into translation studies. These are the skopos-habitus scale and the introduction of foreign.

TAMU DAN PERSIDEN KARYA WISRAN HADI : KAJIAN HISTORIOGRAFI TENTANG MASA ORDE BARU DAN AWAL REFORMASI DI MINANGKABAU

This research examines the New Order period and the beginning of the Reformation in Minangkabau through two literary novels entitled Tamu and Persiden by the writer Wisran Hadi. Previously, there had been a lot of research on the New Order and the beginning of the Reformation in Indonesia, but it is still rare to find research that specifically sets the discussion on an ethnicity, such as the Minangkabau ethnicity. The two novels are able to provide an overview of how the two periods took shape in Minangkabau, through the author’s criticism mixed with the cultural elements of the local community. This study aims to provide an overview of the New Order period and the Beginning of the Reformation in Minangkabau. The method used in this research is the library method by going through four stages, starting from preparing research support tools, collecting works (bibliography), time management, to making notes of the results. There are several findings in this study including: (1) The description of the New Order and the beginning of the Reformation in Minangkabau related to political deviations, controversial development efforts, and changes in the traditional value order of Minangkabau society. (2) Wisran Hadi's background as a writer from the 70's and his life history which cannot be separated from Minangkabau, influenced the depiction of the New Order period and the beginning of the Reformation in Minangkabau. (3) The depiction of the two periods in the novels Tamu and Persiden shows their relevance to contemporary works.
 Keywords: Historiografi, Karya Sastra, Orde Baru dan Reformasi, Minangkabau

Competing Fantasies and Alternative Realities: Salman Rushdie's The Golden House

This article examines one of the earliest novels of the Trump era, Salman Rushdie's The Golden House (2017), as part of a literary corpus that felt compelled to respond to the derealization of political culture by producing fictions commensurate to the new “American reality.” Spanning the years from the first inauguration of Obama to the election of Trump, the novel depicts a nation that has “left reality behind and entered the comic-book universe,” a turn to fantasy that precedes the final irruption of a wealthy vulgarian who calls himself the Joker, and who subverts any previous sense of identity and of what is “real.” Drawing from the notion of national fantasy as argued by Lauren Berlant (1991), Jacqueline Rose (1996), and Donald Pease (2009), the article suggests that Rushdie's novel performs and invites a rare self-examination in the context of early literary responses to the rise of Trumpism.

Darryl P. Domingo. The Rhetoric of Diversion in English Literature and Culture, 1690–1760.

Darryl P. Domingo. <i>The Rhetoric of Diversion in English Literature and Culture, 1690–1760</i>.

Juan Filloy’s Caterva and the geopolitics of the Joycean novel in Argentina

ABSTRACT James Joyce’s Ulysses has had a profound impact on the Argentine literary imagination, renewing and redefining style, language, and narrative technique, as part of an expansive legacy that kicked off with Borges’s early reception of Ulysses and translation of ‘Penelope’ in 1925 and gained increasing momentum throughout the twentieth century, peaking with the stylistic fireworks ignited by Cortázar’s experimental novel Rayuela (Hopscotch) in 1963. Yet this impact, I suggest, raises not only stylistic but also ideological questions. In this essay, I engage with one of the most significant works of the Argentine Joycean tradition: Juan Filloy’s modernist masterpiece Caterva (1937). In what follows, I insert Caterva within the long arc of Argentina’s Joycean novelistic tradition in a reading that destabilises previous critical narratives from which it had been erased, while mapping out new transnational affiliations with Joyce. My claim is that Joyce’s and Filloy’s modernist novels intersect stylistically and ideologically through their use of rhetorical devices emulating the movement of trains and trams as quintessential symbols of modernity, but in a manner that foregrounds British imperialism as the engine powering infrastructure projects in Ireland and Argentina respectively within the intricate global networks of Empire.

Pendekatan Monodisipliner: Sosok Tokoh Dalam Pemahaman Novel Sastra Indonesia

This Indonesian Literary Novel contains various kinds of incidents, such as events of real people living in the world, both mere fiction and reality. Every good literary work always carries ethical and moral messages, so that good literature always voices ethical, moral, and full of mandates. The problems in this paper are: what are the figures in Indonesian literary novels ?; what are the problems that exist in the character figures in Indonesian literary novels ?; (3) what are the details of the two problems in the Indonesian literary novel? The purpose of this paper is: want to study in detail, want to examine in detail the figure of a character in Indonesian literary novels and want to know in detail the problems that exist in the figure of the character and want to know a detailed description according to the two problems in Indonesian literary novels. This paper uses a qualitative approach, which data is in the form of words, phrases, sentences, in the dialogue of characters in Indonesian literary novels. Data collection techniques in this paper are: text analysis in the form of exposure to language in the novel. The results of this paper produce a character who cares for the poor, a Kiai who is always patient and does not have a sad face. The figure of an irresponsible mother, a husband and wife who divorced because of angry lust, a child who lacks gratitude, and a mother who is not honest.&#x0D;

The Otherness of Motherhood in the Selected Novels of Buchi Emecheta

This paper focuses on the role of women, especially the role of a mother during the pains of daughters. Deliberately or unknowingly mother often causes their female children deep scars in their lives and they remain perpetually. In consequence for that behavior, a girl child suffers at the hands of mother like figure, directly responsible for the upbringing, the protagonist metes out to her own girl child. The earlier African novels describe mother as Supreme Being and root of African culture, but in reality, the situations of women and mother like being are entirely different. The author brings out the hidden truth and exposes it to the world. The male authors focus on the positive aspects of motherhood and highlight the character of mother as a symbol of sacrifice and fertility. It is always shown as the mother character as an embodiment of all good qualities. However, Emecheta a careful observer of her culture and also a spectator of other cultures narrated the otherness of motherhood in her novels. In her earlier novels, she primarily focused on two aspects that is the otherness of motherhood and the oppressive elements of patriarchal society. This paper focuses on the otherness of motherhood in the novels of Buchi Emecheta. Keywords: Motherhood, Patriarchal Society, Feminism, Otherness.

Temporality in Great Expectations and Mrs. Dalloway: A Comparative Study

The purpose of this paper is to discuss temporality in Charles Dickens’s novel Great Expectations and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway. Temporality is an integral element in a literary text that greatly reflects the style an author adopts to represent the narrative framework and thematic concerns. However, there is a distinction in how traditional novelists and modern novelists deal with temporality. The events in Great Expectations are presented in a chronological order built on cause and effect. On the other hand, the narrative in Mrs. Dalloway is presented using the “stream of consciousness”; in the thoughts and feelings of the characters. Nonetheless, in Great Expectations, chronological order offers the plot unity and comprehension. It is also crucial in developing the theme of formation and development of the protagonist. In contrast, in Mrs. Dalloway, the experience of temporality is offered and shared by most characters. The reader is required to examine this experience to form a perception of the narrative structure and the themes of the novel. Therefore, this paper makes a comparative analysis between Great Expectations and Mrs. Dalloway to highlight the distinction between how traditional novels and modern novels deal with temporality to present the narrative and embody their authors’ concerns.

Sport in the Novels of James Joyce: A Discourse Theoretical Approach

ABSTRACT Among the many themes in which the Irish modernist novelist, James Joyce, was intellectually and emotionally engaged, the issue of British imperialism and Irish nationalism was paramount. While Joyce despised the English colonial occupation of his country, he was equally dismissive of a mythical Irish nationalism, particularly in the way it was endorsed by the Gaelic Athletic Association. While Joyce is not renowned as a writer of sport; nevertheless, sporting pursuits can be found throughout his novels. Joyce’s nuanced understanding of how English culture has permanently altered Irish social subjectivities (and vice versa) can be found in sharp relief in his novels, particularly Ulysses and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. This article takes sport as a theme in Joyce’s work through which to explore fractured national identities through a framework inspired by the discourse theory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. Their post-Marxist work enables an examination of sport and nationality that goes beyond the existing orthodox Gramscian theory that has proven so productive in the understanding of sport in Cultural Studies. The article will commence with a brief review of existing studies of Joyce with respect to sport and national debates. After summarising the broad Gramscian approaches to understanding sport and nationalism, some of the key concepts in Laclau and Mouffe’s political philosophy are then outlined. The article will apply those concepts to the way Joyce depicts sport, especially cricket and hockey, to deconstruct the binaries in the debate between British colonialism and Irish nationalism.

Text Creation in Novel Narrative

Exposition (SASATSGS) is a knowledge-based field used to explain the various elements and functions of story description. Morphology is the basis of exposition. The basis of exposition is the subtle units invisible to the language. The expositioners have developed some basic definitions for the creation of panual. The narrative or the story can be constructed by combining the events with the narrative. Through this, the narrator easily reaches the reader. Story programs can be integrated into time and causality. Novelists often rely on programs to build stories. Some people set up story shows in a linear manner in chronological order. Modern novelists have set up programs through causal communication. In this manner, the programmes have been dissolved. The reader with reading experience learns the causal connection and understands the story. Sundara Ramasamy, Jayamohan and Shobashakti have successfully set up the programmes of the story in a time-based series. The reader who reads their novels easily identifies the operating system of the story. In Nakulan's novel Dogs, a causal sequence has been adopted to coordinate the programmes. The reader who reads this could not immediately understand the flow of the story. They are a slightly difficult series. Charu Nivedita's novel 'Dekam' and MG Suresh's 'Spider' are in a causal sequence. Sundara Ramasamy and Shobashakti are seen in their novels in the same programme. Novels are divided into small elements based on the definition review and innovative results are available.

Germ Growers in the Colonial Laboratory

ABSTRACT Written and set in the Australian colonies, Robert Potter’s The Germ Growers (1892) was amongst the earliest novels that engaged with the theme of extra-terrestrial invasion. It describes the discovery of aliens who breed ‘germs’ in a sophisticated laboratory hidden in the outback with the aim of conquering the human species. The novel’s introduction of these otherworldly interlopers into a setting already host to the political, social and scientific experiments of invaders, puts the colonial preoccupations with settlement and dispossession into sharp relief. Potter’s portrayal of relations between white settlers, aliens, exogenous and Indigenous others, accentuates how anxieties about invasion and contamination, insiders and outsiders, humans and nonhumans were accompanied by the application of scientific knowledge and technological expertise in the establishment and administration of social order. Highlighting the idea of colonies as sites for refining elaborate strategies of coercion and control, the novel provides a situated perspective upon the ways in which the affordances of the laboratory operated as central features of the imperial project and influenced its role in the development of biopolitical governance. In doing so, The Germ Growers brings attention to the archive of colonial fiction as a means of approaching the social and historical contexts that continue to undergird relations between science and culture.

THE ROMANCE FORMULA IN LISA KLEYPAS RAINSHADOW ROAD

This thesis analyzes the novel entitled Rainshadow Road by Lisa Kleypas. The purpose of this study is to describe the romance formulas that exist in popular literary novels. In analyzing this thesis, the process of searching for data and information uses library and journal methods from the internet. The theory that guides the work of this thesis is the theory of popular romance literature by John G. Cawelti. The results of the analysis show that the novel contains elements of the characters and the plot of the romance is built into a romance formula.

Body Marks of the Past in Toni Morrison’s A Mercy and Home

Toni Morrison’s project of reimagining individual memories of the African American past has been immortalized by the image of the chokecherry tree of scar tissue on Sethe’s back in Beloved. Invisible and dumb for Sethe, the scars have to be faced and interpreted with the help of others in order to process traumatic memories of the slave past. The image questions a presumed opposition between objects of memory as separate from subjects of memory, as the wound, the supposed object is located in the body of the subject, Sethe. Body marks of the past also appear in Morrison’s novels after 2001, which are generally considered sparse compared to her previous texts. Relying on Marianne Hirsch’s method of reading how body marks create a “sense memory” of traumatic experience, the paper explores the webs of meaning invoked by bodily wounds and other extended objects of memory in Morrison’s late novels. The paper claims that although these novels continue to rely on the representation and processing of sense memories, they represent a truncated version compared to earlier novels, in which wounds figure not so much as metaphoric nodes of interaction, but rather as themes.

E pluribus unum Shrugged: Ayn Rand Against American Conservatism and Libertarianism

The past decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the works of twentieth-century Objectivist philosopher Ayn Rand. Political events ranging from the rise of the Tea Party to the 2016 election of Donald J. Trump have only helped to spur this resurgence, further evident in film adaptations and reissues of her popular literary novels. Political pundits abound have, in turn, deemed the return of Ayn Rand as a victory for libertarian thought and the Republican Party, more broadly. However, in this paper I contest such a theoretical synergy and complicate the Rand/Republican Party interplay by suggesting that it rests on false grounds. Drawing from Rand’s Objectivism, I argue that modern-day Republican Party politics, specifically conservative and libertarian strains of thought, fail on epistemological grounds. The philosophical writings of the Russian-born, turned-American philosopher therefore are not only incompatible, but function as a forceful critique against the governing platform of the Republican Party in preparation for the 2022 midterm elections.