Early Migration Research Articles

Precision of low-dose CT-based micromotion analysis technique for the assessment of early acetabular cup migration compared with gold standard RSA: a prospective study of 30 patients up to 1 year.

Background and purposeComputed tomography micromotion analysis (CTMA) can be used to determine implant micro-movements using low-dose CT scans. By using CTMA, a non-invasive measurement of joint implant movement is enabled. We evaluated the precision of CTMA in measuring early cup migration. Standard marker-based radiostereometric analysis (RSA) was used as reference. We hypothesised that CTMA can be used as an alternative to RSA in assessing implant micromotions.Patients and methodsWe included 30 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). Acetabular cup migration at 1 year was measured with RSA and CTMA. To determine the precision of both methods, 20 double examinations (postoperatively) with repositioning of the patients were performed. The precision was calculated from zero by assuming that there was no motion of the prosthesis between the 2 examinations.ResultsThe precision of RSA ranged from 0.06 to 0.15 mm for translations and 0.21° to 0.63° for rotations. Corresponding values for CTMA were 0.06 to 0.13 mm and 0.23° to 0.35°. A good level of agreement was found between the methods regarding cup migration and rotation at 1 year.InterpretationThe precision of CTMA in measuring acetabular cup migration and rotation is comparable to marker-based RSA. CTMA could possibly thus be used as an alternative method to detect early implant migration.

Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Connected with MicroRNA-126 Mimics for Applications in Vascular Inflammation, Remodeling, and Homeostasis.

The repair of damaged endothelium is crucial for vascular homeostasis maintenance, which comprises the recovery of early stage impaired endothelial cells and migration of surrounding unimpaired endothelial cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an indispensable role in balancing gene expression in organisms. For vascular tissues, miR-126 is one of the most important regulators and might have substantial application potential in maintaining vascular homeostasis. In this study, a type of sticky-end-modified tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs-SE) was employed to successfully link the miR-126 5p mimic duplex, which was termed tFNAs-miR-126 5p mimics (tFNAs-MMs). Existing vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), tFNAs-MMs can improve cell viability, resist apoptosis, and recover the state and functions of LPS-induced impaired human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The angiogenesis ability of impaired HUVECs was recovered by tFNAs-MMs in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying these phenomena were demonstrated to be related to the downregulation of caspase3 and negative regulators of VEGF (SPRED1 and PIK3R2). Moreover, tFNAs-MMs promoted the migration and proliferation of HUVECs. Briefly, the strategy of sticky-end-modified tFNAs connecting miRNA mimics is available for miRNA gain of function, while tFNAs-MMs might be a promising agent for repairing early stage vascular damage and maintaining vascular homeostasis.

Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa.

The population dynamics that followed the Out of Africa (OoA) expansion and the whereabouts of the early migrants before the differentiation that ultimately led to the formation of Oceanian, West and East Eurasian macropopulations have long been debated. Shedding light on these events may, in turn, provide clues to better understand the cultural evolution in Eurasia between 50 and 35 ka. Here, we analyze Eurasian Paleolithic DNA evidence to provide a comprehensive population model and validate it in light of available material culture. Leveraging on our integrated approach we propose the existence of a Eurasian population Hub, where Homo sapiens lived between the OoA and the broader colonization of Eurasia, which was characterized by multiple events of expansion and local extinction. A major population wave out of Hub, of which Ust’Ishim, Bacho Kiro, and Tianyuan are unadmixed representatives, is broadly associated with Initial Upper Paleolithic lithics and populated West and East Eurasia before or around 45 ka, before getting largely extinct in Europe. In this light, we suggest a parsimonious placement of Oase1 as an individual related to Bacho Kiro who experienced additional Neanderthal introgression. Another expansion, started before 38 ka, is broadly associated with Upper Paleolithic industries and repopulated Europe with sporadic admixtures with the previous wave (GoyetQ116-1) and more systematic ones, whereas moving through Siberia (Yana, Mal’ta). Before these events, we also confirm Zlatý Kůň as the most basal human lineage sequenced to date OoA, potentially representing an earlier wave of expansion out of the Hub.

Theoretical Aspects of Migration and its Impact on Political Processes

The authors of the paper set the goal of examining the theoretical aspects of migration and showing the relationship between the influence of this social phenomenon on the political processes of the state and state policy in general. The authors highlight the main interdisciplinary approaches to the definition of the term “migration” with the aim of concretizing it in political science within the framework of the study. The study also answers the question of the relationship between "policy" and "politics" within a migration policy by comparing "state migration policy" and "migration policy", concerning which there is a different interpretation. The object of research is migration. The subject is migration policy and state migration policy. The topic is relevant because in the early 2000s migration acquired a new global scale under the influence of many heterogeneous factors often caused by adverse economic, social and socio-psychological conditions, as well as military conflicts of an interreligious and ethnopolitical nature. The research uses systemic, comparative, institutional, and ethnopolitical approaches. The systematization of approaches presents the scientific novelty to the definition of migration, as well as by the mutual influence of migration processes and political and administrative decisions.

The associations of implant and patient factors with migration of the tibial component differ by sex

Thresholds of acceptable early migration of the components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have traditionally ignored the effects of patient and implant factors that may influence migration. The aim of this study was to determine which of these factors are associated with overall longitudinal migration of well-fixed tibial components following TKA. Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) data over a two-year period were available for 419 successful primary TKAs (267 cemented and 152 uncemented in 257 female and 162 male patients). Longitudinal analysis of data using marginal models was performed to examine the associations of patient factors (age, sex, BMI, smoking status) and implant factors (cemented or uncemented, the size of the implant) with maximum total point motion (MTPM) migration. Analyses were also performed on subgroups based on sex and fixation. In the overall group, only fixation was significantly associated with migration (p < 0.001). For uncemented tibial components in males, smoking was significantly associated with lower migration (p = 0.030) and BMI approached significance (p = 0.061). For females with uncemented components, smoking (p = 0.081) and age (p = 0.063) approached significance and were both associated with increased migration. The small number of self-reported smokers in this study warrants cautious interpretation and further investigation. For cemented components in females, larger sizes of tibial component were significantly associated with increased migration (p = 0.004). No factors were significant for cemented components in males. The migration of uncemented tibial components was more sensitive to patient factors than cemented implants. These differences were not consistent by sex, suggesting that it may be of value to evaluate female and male patients separately following TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J2022;104-B(4):444-451.

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Mediated Regulation of Early Myeloid Cells in Zebrafish.

Colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), more commonly known as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), acts via a specific cell surface receptor CSF3R (or G-CSFR) to regulate hematopoiesis, with a particularly key role in the myeloid cell lineage where it impacts the development and function of neutrophilic granulocytes. Zebrafish possess a conserved CSF3R homologue, Csf3r, which is involved in both steady-state and emergency myelopoiesis, as well as regulating early myeloid cell migration. Two CSF3 proteins have been identified in zebrafish, Csf3a and Csf3b. This study investigated the roles of the Csf3a and Csf3b ligands as well as the downstream Janus kinase (JAK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways in mediating the effects of Csf3r in early myeloid cell development and function using gene knockdown and pharmacologic approaches. This study revealed that both Csf3a and Csf3b contribute to the developmental and emergency production of early myeloid cells, but Csf3a is responsible for the developmental migration of early neutrophils whereas Csf3b plays the major role in their wounding-induced migration, differentially participated in these responses, as did several downstream signaling pathways. Both JAK and PI3K signaling were required for developmental production and migration of early myeloid cells, but PI3K signaling was required for emergency production and initial migration in response to wounding, while JAK signaling mediated retention at the site of wounding. This study has revealed both distinct and overlapping functions for Csf3a and Csf3b and the downstream JAK and PI3K signaling pathways in early myeloid cell production and function.

The Glassware of Late Roman Time from Viitenky: the Technological Aspect

This article is devoted to the study of the technological features of the manufacturing and decoration of glass vessels from archaeological complex of late Roman time – early Great Migrations period at Viitenky in the East of Ukraine. The observations of the evolution of shapes, decor and individual morphological features of Roman glassware has reached almost a century in their development now. During this time, researchers have repeatedly emphasized their information potential in chronological constructions and searches for production centres of certain types. The technical and technological approach in the study of glass found its place in the investigation of Cherniakhiv antiquities. In our opinion, in combination with traditional archaeological methods, it remains one of the most promising ways to resolve the issue of the origin of Cherniakhiv glass vessels, even today. The purpose of our study is a comparative analysis of the technological features of glassware from Viitenky, vessels from the area of the Cherniakhiv culture in Ukraine and items from the Roman provinces. The analysis of the materials allows drawing some conclusions. The set of technological methods registered during the study of glassware from Viitenky finds parallels both among Cherniakhiv glass vessels and among provincial Roman vessels. However, some of them are asynchronous to those existing in the provinces in late Roman and late Antique times. Despite the fact that the same morphological and decorative elements occur both among barbarian cups and among vessels of the Provincial-Roman circle, the chronology of their existence in both categories of Cherniakhiv glassware is often different. Observations of the chronology of their existence among Cherniakhiv vessels on the territory of Ukraine suggest certain changes in the set of technological methods used for their manufacturing and decoration, which appear no earlier than in the middle of the 4th century.

Implications of Large-Effect Loci for Conservation: A Review and Case Study with Pacific Salmon.

The increasing feasibility of assembling large genomic datasets for non-model species presents both opportunities and challenges for applied conservation and management. A popular theme in recent studies is the search for large-effect loci that explain substantial portions of phenotypic variance for a key trait(s). If such loci can be linked to adaptations, 2 important questions arise: 1) Should information from these loci be used to reconfigure conservation units (CUs), even if this conflicts with overall patterns of genetic differentiation? 2) How should this information be used in viability assessments of populations and larger CUs? In this review, we address these questions in the context of recent studies of Chinook salmon and steelhead (anadromous form of rainbow trout) that show strong associations between adult migration timing and specific alleles in one small genomic region. Based on the polygenic paradigm (most traits are controlled by many genes of small effect) and genetic data available at the time showing that early-migrating populations are most closely related to nearby late-migrating populations, adult migration differences in Pacific salmon and steelhead were considered to reflect diversity within CUs rather than separate CUs. Recent data, however, suggest that specific alleles are required for early migration, and that these alleles are lost in populations where conditions do not support early-migrating phenotypes. Contrasting determinations under the US Endangered Species Act and the State of California's equivalent legislation illustrate the complexities of incorporating genomics data into CU configuration decisions. Regardless how CUs are defined, viability assessments should consider that 1) early-migrating phenotypes experience disproportionate risks across large geographic areas, so it becomes important to identify early-migrating populations that can serve as reliable sources for these valuable genetic resources; and 2) genetic architecture, especially the existence of large-effect loci, can affect evolutionary potential and adaptability.

Early modern human migration into Sulawesi and Island adaptation in Wallacea

ABSTRACTMaritime migration and island adaptation by anatomically modern humans (AMH) are among the most significant current issues in Southeast Asian archaeology and directly related to their behavioural and technological advancement. In the center of this research hotspot are the Wallacean islands, situated between the Pleistocene landmasses of Sunda and Sahul. Two major migration routes have been suggested for the initial maritime migration from Sunda via Wallacea into Sahul, a northern route into the region of New Guinea and a southern route leading into northern Australia. Here, we report the outcomes of new archaeological research in Central Sulawesi, the most likely entry location for the northern route. Based on our latest findings and new C14 dates from Goa Topogaro 2, we discuss the evidence and timeline for the migration of early modern humans into the Wallacean islands and their adaptation to insular environments during the Late Pleistocene.

Norway spruce postglacial recolonization of Fennoscandia

Contrasting theories exist regarding how Norway spruce (Picea abies) recolonized Fennoscandia after the last glaciation and both early Holocene establishments from western microrefugia and late Holocene colonization from the east have been postulated. Here, we show that Norway spruce was present in southern Fennoscandia as early as 14.7 ± 0.1 cal. kyr BP and that the millennia-old clonal spruce trees present today in central Sweden likely arrived with an early Holocene migration from the east. Our findings are based on ancient sedimentary DNA from multiple European sites (N = 15) combined with nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient clonal (N = 135) and contemporary spruce forest trees (N = 129) from central Sweden. Our other findings imply that Norway spruce was present shortly after deglaciation at the margins of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet, and support previously disputed finds of pollen in southern Sweden claiming spruce establishment during the Lateglacial.

Stomping Ground: Living Against Gentrification in Humboldt Park

Abstract: This ethnographic portrait, rather than covering debates from the voluminous gentrification literature, centers two Puerto Rican residents who are experiencing the threat of erasure as everyday life. The lives of Rosalyn Velásquez and Rafael Lugo span the struggles of early migration, racial segregation, intense poverty, gang violence, the drug economy, and legacies of community building in the aftermath, as outsider investment and white newcomer buyers transform their blocks. Although they do not see themselves as heroes, victims, or full-time activists, they deliver—without academic jargon—personally and historically informed analyses of their neighborhood, revealing economic survival strategies, self-affirmations of dignity, and profound local knowledge. They describe sights, sounds, smells, and conversations out in the streets, but also webs of reciprocity and mutual aid that link them to multigenerational extended family and to grassroots community agencies and education programs, whose efforts signify safety, uplift, and improvement. They reveal the welcomes they have themselves extended toward white newcomers—despite knowing their effect on local property values and taxes—whose racialized fears and isolation from the Latino community mean they rarely reciprocate. These two life course interviews counter multiple myths upon which gentrification depends and affirm the critical consciousness of so many people across the United States today who are living against gentrification.

On Compiling a Dictionary of the Early Migration Dialect of the Vologda-Vyatka Group of the Northern Russian Dialect

This article presents main arguments and preliminary information concerning features of the early migration dialect of the Vologda-Vyatka group of the Northern Russian dialect, primarily the vocabulary specificity of Loyma village dialect (Priluzsky district of the Komi Republic). The composition and content of the Loyma Dictionary reflect those traits. As an illustration, this paper presents several original dictionary entries of the gizaurus digital frame-thesaurus version of the Loyma Dictionary. The article briefly describes the main features and fundamental differences of the Loyma dialect from similar ones and the principles of including dialect materials in the dictionary. Creating the Dictionary of Loyma village Russian dialect presents the future possibility to include information about the lexical composition of the territorial (local) version of the early resettlement Russian dialect of the Vologda-Vyatka group of the Northern Russian dialect in the Dialectological Fund of the Russian language and in the general structure of the basic academic national dictionary fund of the Russian language.

Early offset-increasing migration predicts later revision for humeral head resurfacing implants. A randomized controlled radiostereometry trial with 10-year clinical follow-up.

In a randomized controlled setting, medium-term implant migration and long-term clinical outcomes were compared for the Copeland and the Global C.A.P. humeral head resurfacing implants (HHRI). Thirty-two patients (mean age 63 years) were randomly allocated to a Copeland (n = 14) or Global C.A.P. (n = 18) HHRI. Patients were followed for 5 years with radiostereometry, Constant Shoulder Score, and the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index (WOOS). WOOS and revision status were also obtained cross-sectionally at a mean 10-year follow-up. At the 5-year follow-up, total translation (TT) was 0.75 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-0.97) for the Copeland HHRIs and 1.15 mm (95% CI: 0.85-1.46) for the Global C.A.P. HHRIs (p = 0.04), but the clinical scores were similar at all follow-ups. The cumulative risks of revision at 5 and 10 years were 29% and 43% for Copeland and 35% and 41% for Global C.A.P HHRIs (p > 0.7). No implants were loose at revision, but HHRIs that were later revised followed an early offset-increasing migration pattern with medial translation and lift-off resulting in a mean 0.53 mm (95% CI: 0.18-0.88) higher TT at the 1-year follow-up compared to non-revised HHRIs. In conclusion, the Global C.A.P. HHRI had higher TT compared with the Copeland HHRI, but clinical scores and revision rates were similar. Nonetheless, revision rates were high and challenge the use of HHRIs. Interestingly, an early radiostereometry evaluated HHRI migration pattern with increased off-set predicted later implant revision.

Early life migration and undernutrition among circular migrant children: An observational study in the brick kilns of Bihar, India.

BackgroundIndia holds the world's largest burden of chronic and acute child undernutrition. Poverty and systemic inequities are basic causes of undernutrition that also drive households to engage in circular migration for livelihood. Short-term, temporary movement of the whole family, including young children, is common; yet, the nutritional implications of recurrent movements beginning in early life has not been studied. We sought to estimate the association of repeat and early life migration with stunting and wasting outcomes among circular migrant children under three.MethodsUsing a stratified cluster design, we conducted two waves of primary data collection among 2564 randomly selected circular migrant children under three years of age temporarily residing across 1156 brick kilns in Bihar, India. We conducted multilevel modeling to estimate the association of the number of migration episodes and age at first migration with stunting (<-2 standard deviations (SD) height-for-age z scores (HAZ)) and wasting (<-2 SD weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ)) and examined the determinants of nutrition status among migrant children, including diet, illness, food security and the health environment.ResultsThe overall prevalence of stunting was 51.6%. Among children who were either born during migration or first migrated before six months of age, those who experienced multiple episodes of migration were more likely to be stunted compared to those who migrated once (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30-3.41). Children were over three times as likely to be wasted in the summer compared to the winter (aOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 2.68-4.01); in the summer, the overall prevalence of wasting was 38.8%. Public health access indicators such as interaction with frontline health workers at the destination was low (5.3%), whereas feeding indicators such as exclusive breastfeeding among 0-5 months was high (81.1%).ConclusionsPolicy efforts should ensure continuity of social protection and welfare entitlements between home and destinations for circular migrant families, with an explicit focus on rural-to-rural movement.

CT-based micromotion analysis method can assess early implant migration and development of radiolucent lines in cemented glenoid components: a clinical feasibility study.

Background and purposeCT micromotion analysis (CTMA) has been considered as an alternative to radiostereometry (RSA) for assessing early implant migration of orthopedic implants. We investigated the feasibility of CTMA to assess early migration and the progression of radiolucent lines in shoulder arthroplasties over 24 months using sequential low-dose CT scans.Patients and methods7 patients were included and underwent 9 primary total shoulder arthroplasties. We made CT scans preoperatively, within 1 week postoperatively, and after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. At each follow-up, postoperative glenoid migration and any development of radiolucent lines were assessed. Clinical outcomes were recorded at all time points except within 1 week postoperatively.ResultsFor the glenoid component, the median translation and median rotation were 0.00–0.10 mm and –1.53° to 1.05° at 24 months. Radiolucent lines could be observed around all glenoid components. The radiolucent lines developed from the periphery to the center of the implant for 6 glenoid components during follow-up. The Constant Score improved from a mean of 30 (21–51) preoperatively to 69 (41–88) at 24 months.InterpretationCTMA can be used to identify early migration and the development of radiolucent lines over time in glenoid components. Clinical trials with a larger sample size and longer follow-up are needed to establish the relationship between migration, radiolucent lines, loosening, and clinical outcome.

Changes in Survey Effort Can Influence Conclusions about Migration Phenology

ABSTRACT Changes in autumn raptor migration phenology have been documented at hawk count sites across North America. Delays in autumn migration are the most common shift reported, but these changes vary by species. We examined autumn raptor phenology and changes in count effort for 14 raptor species over 46 yr at Hawk Ridge in Duluth, Minnesota, USA, using mean passage date. Among the 14 raptors, six species showed significant shifts in migration phenology; four toward later migration and two toward earlier migration. Our results suggest fewer species are shifting toward later phenology than previously reported at Hawk Ridge and that some previously reported changes in phenology may be explained by changes in survey effort. This study highlights the importance of controlling for count effort when analyzing migration phenology, emphasizing the need for consistent effort in the future.

Straightforward upriver migration to spawning sites by chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta homing to coastal short rivers in the Sanriku region.

In chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) homed to the Sanriku region, Japan, most of the fish are matured in bays and spawn near river mouths in coastal short rivers; therefore, their upriver migration is extremely short, but their behavioural characteristics have remained unknown. Upriver migration in the Otsuchi River, a typical coastal river, was evaluated from behavioural and physiological aspects. Homing salmon tracked in Otsuchi Bay held in the inner bay for less than 1 day to more than 10 days before river entry. The varied holding duration was negatively correlated with plasma 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) concentration, an indicator of maturation. After river entry, however, most fish were captured in weirs near the river mouths within 2 days regardless of the DHP concentration. Of the 34 fish released in the river, on the contrary, eighteen and five fish were seen next day in the main spawning sites located at c. 1.5 km upstream and in the branch creek, respectively, and 85% of the fish held position there until their death. The mean survival time of released fish was 5.8 days. Plasma DHP level suggested that preparations for spawning were already completed at the timing of the release. Taken together, homing salmon completed spawning preparation in the bay, and then they moved to their spawning sites immediately after river entry and spawned there during their short remaining life. This upriver migration contrasts with those of other populations, such as early migrants and long river migrants, whose maturation is completed during upriver migration.

Association of early migration with child growth, cognition and behaviour in South Africa.

The main objective of the study was to examine the association of migration with child growth, cognition and behaviour in South Africa. Secondary analysis assessing effects of migration on child outcomes among a population cohort of women and children (n=1238) recruited in Cape Town, South African townships and repeatedly assessed from birth to age eight. Logistic regression models analysed sociodemographic predictors of migration and longitudinal models assessed the association of child migration, with or without their mother, on child growth, cognition and behavioural outcomes. By 8years post-birth, 41% of children born in the townships in Cape Town had migrated to the rural Eastern Cape. Staying in Cape Town, or not migrating, was associated with having an older mother. Children who migrated with their mothers were shorter and weighed less than those who did not migrate. Children who migrated had larger vocabularies and those who migrated with their mothers had fewer behavioural problems than children who stayed in Cape Town. Migration in South Africa between peri-urban Cape Town and rural Eastern Cape areas during a child's early years is common and is associated with both positive and negative child outcomes.

Early life migration and population discrimination of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis from the Yellow Sea: inferences from otolith Sr/Ca ratios

Early life migration and population discrimination of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis from the Yellow Sea: inferences from otolith Sr/Ca ratios

Is the French Paradox cementing philosophy superior to the standard cementing? A randomized controlled radiostereometric trial and comparative analysis.

AimsHighly polished stems with force-closed design have shown satisfactory clinical results despite being related to relatively high early migration. It has been suggested that the minimal thickness of cement mantles surrounding the femoral stem should be 2 mm to 4 mm to avoid aseptic loosening. The line-to-line cementing technique of the femoral stem, designed to achieve stem press-fit, challenges this opinion. We compared the migration of a highly polished stem with force-closed design by standard and line-to-line cementing to investigate whether differences in early migration of the stems occur in a clinical study.MethodsIn this single-blind, randomized controlled, clinical radiostereometric analysis (RSA) study, the migration pattern of the cemented Corail hip stem was compared between line-to-line and standard cementing in 48 arthroplasties. The primary outcome measure was femoral stem migration in terms of rotation and translation around and along with the X-, Y-, and Z- axes measured using model-based RSA at three, 12, and 24 months. A linear mixed-effects model was used for statistical analysis.ResultsResults from mixed model analyses revealed a lower mean retroversion for line-to-line (0.72° (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38° to 1.07°; p < 0.001), but no significant differences in subsidence between the techniques (-0.15 mm (95% CI -0.53 to 0.227; p = 0.429) at 24 months. Radiolucent lines measuring < 2 mm wide were found in three and five arthroplasties cemented by the standard and line-to-line method, respectively.ConclusionThe cemented Corail stem with a force-closed design seems to settle earlier and better with the line-to-line cementing method, although for subsidence the difference was not significant. However, the lower rate of migration into retroversion may reduce the wear and cement deformation, contributing to good long-term fixation and implant survival.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):19–26.