Early Marriage Research Articles

Reducing child marriages through CCTs: Evidence from a large-scale policy intervention in Indonesia

Reducing child marriages through CCTs: Evidence from a large-scale policy intervention in Indonesia

Differential outcomes: early marriage, marital identity and mental health of displaced female youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Differential outcomes: early marriage, marital identity and mental health of displaced female youth in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Overview Of Adolescent Knowledge In The Impact Of Early Marriage In Boalemo Regency

Early marriage has a number of consequences, not only limited to the impact on physical and mental health. Women and men who marry at an early age unconsciously forget their right to get an education, pursue school, and achieve their dreams. The research objects studied were teenagers in Modelomo Village, Tilamuta District, Boalemo Regency. This research aims to determine the level of knowledge of teenagers regarding the impact of early marriage. This research is quantitative research with descriptive observational type with accidental sampling technique. The sample in this study was 44 teenagers from Modelomo Village. The research results showed that the majority of respondents had a good level of knowledge, 16 respondents (36.4%), 27 respondents (61.4%), and 1 respondent less. (2.3%). This research shows that the majority of teenagers' knowledge about the impact of early marriage is still in the sufficient category, so it requires attention from various parties to increase the knowledge of young women so that the incidence of early marriage can decrease.

The intersection of Christian education and philosopher-feminist thought: Addressing child marriage in Indonesia

One of the global challenges addressed in this article, particularly in the Global South, is the high prevalence of child marriage. The author is situated in an area with one of the highest rates of child marriage in Indonesia. The rationale for selecting this case study is to examine the concept of spiritual freedom and its potential to empower women to challenge the oppression they face with regard to their bodies, rights, and futures. Child marriage should be regarded as a criminal act in the context of Christianity. However, this issue does not appear to be a prominent topic in educational institutions, places of worship, or global discourse. This research employs a qualitative methodology, utilising interview techniques with women who have experienced child marriage. The author then engaged in a process of reflection with feminist philosopher Iris Marion Young, concurrently addressing theological concerns and the role of Christian education. The findings indicate that Christianity and government policy on health are inextricably linked, as health is a divine mandate for humanity to fulfil its responsibilities.Contribution: This article makes a contribution to the field of research in Central Kalimantan and serves to proclaim to the global community that Christian education must address the issue of child marriage as a matter of urgency.

Influence of Peer Pressure on Secondary School Students Dropout in Nanyamba Town Council, Mtwara, Tanzania

School dropout is among the phenomena challenging youth to achieve education and related skills to make them competitive in today’s global economy. This study explored the influence of socioeconomic factors and the dropping out of secondary school students; the extent of school dropout; and established the strategies for overcoming the school dropout syndrome at Nanyamba Town Council. The study utilized a qualitative approach using a study sample which included five headmasters, five class teachers, five class monitors, one ward educational officer, one quality assurance officer and one headquarters officer. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection. Findings disclosed that socioeconomic factors lead to students dropping out of school due to a lack of awareness of the importance of education and illiteracy in families. Parents’ low income and cultural aspects such as early marriage and early pregnancy. Divorce, lack of family planning, negative attitudes towards education especially for girls and parents' deaths were also found to be the problems leading to school dropout. Among the recommendations given are: the provision of scholastic materials, the provision of lunch by schools, mass mobilization and the need to sensitize the community on education to make them aware of the importance of secondary education

Legal Handling of Child Marriage as a Violation of Human Rights in Pakistan

Child wedding is a hurtful practice that persists to defile the fundamental civil rights of heaps of babies, specifically daughters, about the experience. Defined as a wedding or merger before the age of 18, infant wedding frequently bankrupts young things of their infancy, instruction, energy, and immunity, bolstering eras of feminine prejudice, want, and intensity. Despite worldwide civil rights foundations blaming youth merger, it debris extensive, specifically in underdeveloped countries across Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Middle East. This paper analyzes the permissible management of youngster merger as a rape of civil rights, resolving the crossroads of worldwide regulation, internal permissible foundations, and application challenges. International civil rights tools, containing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), definitely understand; juvenile wedding as a breach of infants’ rights. These permissible texts focal point the guardianship of babies from hurtful practices, containing early merger, and insist that minors are helpless of providing conversant allow wedding. Cultural and conscientious standards likewise pose important obstructions to prosecution, as in few domains, offspring merger is considered as an essential habit, frequently shielded or speeded by society directors or conscientious experts. These determinants frequently bring about a lack of governmental will to apply existent societies, in spite of the broad acknowledgment of toddler merger as a defilement of civil rights. Advocacy exertions by worldwide institutions like the United Nations and NGOs have donated to lifting knowledge of the harms provoked by youth wedding. Legal corrects in few nations have favorably raised the merger age to 18 and removed allowable irregularities. However, the boom of these corrects is frequently weakened by break in administration, lacking money for exercise, and opposition from societies that visualize the practice as a public average. Education programs and society-located mediations that include conscientious directors, local influencers, and offspring have existed labeled as key to breaking the phase of teenager merger. This paper intends a versatile approach to trying baby merger, joining permissible corrects, revised prosecution systems, instruction, and society date. It decides that while permissible foundations play an essential duty, they must lie by fuller pertaining to society changes to guarantee the care of offspring’s rights and the removal of kid wedding. The fight against minor wedding is critical for boosting worldwide civil rights, guaranteeing that all toddlers, exceptionally schoolgirls, are intelligent to live empty early merger and allure trenchant results.

Domestic work and girl child school drop outs: A case study of selected secondary schools in Kyamuhunga town council Bushenyi district

This study explores demographic and contextual factors influencing educational participation, with a focus on gender disparities and causes of girl child school dropouts. A significant gender imbalance was observed, with 93% male respondents and only 7% female, reflecting patriarchal societal norms that restrict female participation. Age distribution highlighted a concentration of respondents aged 20–30 years (34%), aligning with the study’s emphasis on educational challenges among youth. Marital status data showed a predominance of unmarried respondents, correlating with the high student population. Religious affiliation revealed a Catholic majority (80%), with implications for education access shaped by religious norms. Key causes of girl child school dropouts were identified as poverty (100%), lack of girl-specific needs (97%), early marriages (67%), and peer pressure (40%). Poverty emerged as the dominant factor, supported by UNICEF findings, while unmet needs like menstrual hygiene supplies and early marriages significantly impacted education continuity for girls. Additionally, domestic work was shown to adversely affect girls’ academic performance and psychological well-being. The study underscores the need for targeted interventions, including empowering students, motivating teachers, and enhancing learning resources. While consistent with existing research, addressing gender imbalances and incorporating perspectives from parents and teachers could enrich understanding and inform inclusive strategies. Keywords: Gender Disparities, Girl Child Dropouts, Educational Barriers, Poverty and Education, Domestic Work Impact

Maqāṣid cum-Mubādalah Methodology of KUPI: Centering Women’s Experiences in Islamic Law for Gender-Just Fiqh

The production of fatwā in Indonesia has traditionally been dominated by male scholars and rooted in conventional methodologies that prioritize textual sources, often neglecting the lived experiences of women. This article examines innovative methodology proposed by the Indonesian Congress of Women Ulama (Kongres Ulama Perempuan Indonesia, or KUPI) to develop a gender-just approach to Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Drawing on participant observation of KUPI's fatwa-making processes in two events occurring respectively in 2017 and 2022 and literature analysis, this study explores two key questions: (1) To what extent does KUPI’s maqāṣid cum-mubādalah methodology foster gender-just fiqh? (2) How does KUPI apply this methodology, incorporating both women’s experiential perspectives and literal Islamic texts, in issuing its fatwā on child marriage and abortion in cases of rape? The analysis highlights how KUPI’s maqāṣid cum-mubādalah approach challenges traditional jurisprudence, showcasing its transformative potential. KUPI’s framework integrates maqāṣid asy-syarī’ah (the objectives of Islamic law) with mubādalah a perspective emphasizing equality and reciprocity between men and women. Termed maqāṣid cum-mubādalah, this methodology recognizes lived experiences of women as one of the sources to formulate religious opinions, or fatwā, in Islamic legal tradition. This article underscores the importance of integrating women's experiential perspectives into Islamic legal discourse, offering new insights into evolving interpretations of fiqh that prioritize justice and equality.

How climate change is shaping young people’s health: a participatory, youth co-led study from Bangladesh, Guatemala and Nigeria

IntroductionClimate change is shaping adolescent and young people’s (AYP) transitions to adulthood with significant and often compounding effects on their physical and mental health. The climate crisis is an intergenerational...

Intergenerational grounding of women’s environmental non-migration

This study examines the impact of intergenerational learning and intellectual capital on women’s voluntary decisions to remain in place despite environmental risks. By investigating how women experience the decision to stay through intergenerational knowledge transfer, we analyze the adaptability of communities facing climate-driven livelihood challenges and the intricate socio-ecological factors that tie individuals to their homes. Through life-story interviews with 70 women from 25 households in five environmental hazard-prone sites in Bangladesh, the study reveals nuanced patterns of traditional gender roles that both support and limit women’s autonomy in making mobility choices. Although mobility decisions vary across site and scale, systemic issues such as arranged child marriage, financial instability, (traditional) home-bound duties, male authority over mobility decisions, and gendered expectations consistently emerged as barriers to women’s (non-)migration, even when they aspired to leave. Thus, this research offers insights into gendered (non-)migration and its intergenerationality, which is inevitable in developing sustainable adaptation pathways.

Islamic Law Approach to Mitigate the Impact of Early Marriage: A Case Study in Sapeken district, Sumenep, Madura

The study analyzed the impact of early marriage in Sapeken district, Sumenep, Madura, from the perspective of Islamic law, with a special emphasis on reproductive health, education, and the well-being of young women. This study investigates the social, cultural, and religious factors that drive the practice of early marriage as well as its negative effects. This research was conducted using a qualitative case study method. The results of the study showed that early marriage worsened physical and mental health, limited educational and employment opportunities, and increased women's economic dependence. Reproductive health education, premarital counselling, and economic empowerment programs are suggestions to address this problem. Following the principles of Maqasid Sharia which emphasizes the protection of individual life and welfare, religious leaders and community leaders have an important role in educating the public about the importance of physical and mental readiness before marriage. This method is expected to change the perspective of society and reduce the prevalence of early marriage. In addition, the study provides policy advice based on Islamic law that can improve the welfare of young women through the incorporation of social, educational, and health reforms in the island community

Factors associated with girl child marriage in Iran: a qualitative socio-ecological approach

Factors associated with girl child marriage in Iran: a qualitative socio-ecological approach

Tick tick boom: the rise of child marriage in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Child marriage is a global phenomenon where one in six girls aged under 19 are married as child brides that are exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, in which girls are disproportionately affected by this practice. This study aimed to provide reliable numbers and descriptions of child marriages in Indonesia during the pandemic for the stakeholders in planning necessary actions. New child marriage dispensation application numbers in 2019, 2020 and 2021 were 24,865, 64225 and 62,890 cases, respectively. Up to 65% of new applications in 2019–2021 were consistently registered in six provinces in Java. However, the top-rank provinces with the rise of new applications in 2020 and 2021 when compared to records in 2019 were from outside Java. The skyrocketing number of child marriages during the pandemic, up to 2.5 times, should be taken seriously by the stakeholders with a focus on areas with high poverty percentages and girl populations.

Perception of Child Marriage of Secondary School Girls in Bangladesh

Child marriage is a worldwide priority issue as ending child marriage by 2023 is a target embedded in the Sustainability Development Goal (SDG). The child marriage practice is going on around the world. Based on the latest data 21% of young women were married as children. In Bangladesh, 38% of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15, and 51% of young women are married before their 18th birthday. Since research on this particular issue is very scanty, this study aims to explain the perception of Secondary School girls about child marriage and provide practice-based recommendations for strengthening the community especially girls to prevent it. According to the law of Bangladesh, the minimum age of marriage for girls is 18 years and for boys is 21 years . Any marriage before these ages can be treated as child marriage. In practice, child marriage is happening in Bangladesh, particularly in urban slums and rural areas. The studies show poverty and ignorance of the parents/ guardians about the consequence of child marriage, less access to sexual & reproductive health services, and prevailing social norms of marriage are the main reasons for child marriage .

THE MATURITY OF MARRIAGE AGE AS A STRATEGY TO PREVENT PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SAMARINDA

Premarital sexual behavior has become a significant social issue among adolescents in Indonesia, particularly concerning the high rates of child marriage and unintended pregnancies. Despite efforts to promote Marriage Maturity to reduce these rates, its effectiveness requires further investigation, especially in the context of adolescent motivation to avoid risky sexual behavior. This study aims to explore adolescent motivation to avoid premarital sexual behavior by applying the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), which involves threat appraisal and coping appraisal in adolescent decision-making to delay early marriage. This research employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Informant consisted of adolescents aged 15-19 years in Samarinda City who had received information about marriage maturity. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with six purposively selected Informant using intensity sampling techniques. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and documentation. Collected data were analyzed using QSR NVIVO 12 Pro. The findings reveal that adolescents’ understanding of marriage maturityis still limited, and the threat of premarital sexual behavior is perceived as low by most Informant. Factors such as perceptions of severity adolescents are quite good because they have seen firsthand the impacts of premarital sex. For response efficacy and self-efficacy in delaying the age of marriage, these are relatively high among adolescents exposed to PUP. This is because they have parental and peer support providing information related to PUP. Additionally, social environment, media exposure, and education levels shape adolescents' responses to marriage maturityas a protective measure.

Partnership trajectories toward childlessness in China

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on the life course perspective, this study examined partnership trajectories of childless individuals to understand the drivers and processes of becoming childless in China.BackgroundDespite the rise in childlessness in China, little is known about the within‐group heterogeneity in partnership trajectories leading to childlessness and their sociodemographic correlates.MethodThe study employed sequence analysis and multinomial and ordinary least squares regressions using a sample of 778 childless men and women aged 40 and above from the China Family Panel Studies in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018.ResultsFive clusters of partnership trajectories were identified: never partnered (51.8%), early marriage (24.8%), late marriage (9.4%), on‐time marriage (9.3%), and unpartnered via divorce or widowhood (4.9%). Men with low socioeconomic status were most likely to become childless through never being married, and their privileged counterparts were mostly through on‐time or late marriage. The early‐marriage and unpartnered clusters mostly consisted of women, and among women, those with an urban hukou or low education were more likely to be divorced. The overall heterogeneity in partnership trajectories to childlessness declined, and most complexity observed was limited to the unpartnered cluster.ConclusionPartnership trajectories to childlessness in China are heterogenous and stratified but increasingly homogenous.ImplicationsDue to the persistent connections between marriage and childbearing, Chinese individuals become childless through more standardized life course trajectories than before.

Exploring the Socio-Cultural Dimensions of Female Suicide in Yasin District Ghizer: Perspectives of Influential Stakeholders

Female suicide in Yasin District Ghizer, Pakistan, is a critical social issue deeply rooted in socio-cultural, economic, and psychological factors. This qualitative study explores the perspectives of influential stakeholders, including a social worker, a media professional, and a police officer, to understand the underlying causes and risk factors associated with female suicides. The findings reveal that traditional gender roles, male dominance, early and forced marriages, and societal expectations significantly restrict women’s autonomy, contributing to depression, social rejection, and suicide. Marital conflicts, domestic violence, and communication gaps further exacerbate vulnerabilities, while cases of honor killings are often misreported as suicides, obscuring the issue’s true extent. Stakeholders emphasized the role of poverty, mental health stigma, and limited awareness of rights in perpetuating these challenges. They called for enhanced community awareness, improved mental health support, and gender-sensitive policies to address systemic inequalities. While this study provides valuable insights, its scope is limited by the small sample size and the exclusion of direct female perspectives. Future research should include broader community participation and prioritize gender-inclusive approaches to develop effective interventions for preventing female suicides in traditional societies like Yasin. This qualitative study investigated the issue of female suicide in Yasin District Ghizer by employing semi-structured interviews to gain in-depth insights. Using purposive sampling, four influential community members were selected as participants. The interviews, guided by a structured framework, explored themes such as socio-cultural roles, socio-economic pressures, community awareness, and law enforcement policies. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, with responses transcribed, coded, and categorized to identify recurring themes. Ethical considerations, including informed consent, confidentiality, and cultural sensitivity, were strictly adhered to. However, the study acknowledges limitations, including the small sample size and the absence of direct female perspectives in this phase of the research.

Impact of Child Marriage in Terms of Household Harmony: Study in Dander District, Bojonegoro Regency

Impact of Child Marriage in Terms of Household Harmony: Study in Dander District, Bojonegoro Regency

The Problem of Early Marriage in Larangan Perreng VillagePragaan District, Sumenep Regency

Each stage of an individual is faced with a crisis that is a unique developmental task to be resolved. Crisis is not a catastrophe but a turning point characterized by increasing vulnerability and potential that a person has, the more the individual successfully resolves the crisis he faces, the healthier the individual's development. in developing countries, marriage is often used as a sign that someone has entered adulthood. While the fact is that individuals who undergo early marriage have no signs of maturity at all. This happens in our village of Larangan Perreng where children who are still at an early age who are married often do not signify what Arnett has stated in John W. Santrokch's book entitled “Life-Span Development”. This research uses a qualitative approach, with a case study type. The data were collected by interview, observation, and documentation, then the data were analyzed with an interactive data analysis cycle. In testing the validity of the data, triangulation was carried out. The conclusions obtained include, among others, there are two factors in the emergence of problems in the households of residents who married at an early age in Larangan Perreng Village, Pragaan District, Sumenep Regency including, a. Parental interference. b. The emergence of childishness. And there are several impacts of early marriage that occurs in the village of Larangan Perreng Pragaan District Sumenep District, among others, a. Impact on social relations, b. Impact on education, c. Impact on mental

Governing the boundary: between socio-environmental vulnerability and state capacity in Temajuk Village, Indonesia

This research explored the challenges and solutions to governing Indonesian border areas, with a particular focused on Temajuk Village in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The research highlighted two critical issues: increased smuggling of illegal goods and socio-environmental vulnerabilities, particularly regarding the conservation of endangered sea turtles. The research identified systemic weaknesses, including inadequate state capacity, limited law enforcement and socio-economic disparity factors that exacerbate transnational challenges. The findings exposed potential national threats caused by geographic isolation, and porous borders that facilitate illicit activities, such as drug and alcoholic drinks smuggling, with serious social consequences, including youth delinquency, early marriage, declining education levels, and increased health risks, such as the spread of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, unsustainable exploitation of sea turtles for cultural and economic purposes also threatens biodiversity. This article proposes a multifaceted strategy to address these interrelated issues, prioritizing effective border management, sustainable economic development, and strong community engagement. Strengthening institutional and individual capacities at the village level, improving law enforcement and encouraging cross-sectoral cooperation between village, district, provincial and national governments are essential. Highlighting the threats to Temajuk Village, this research promotes evidence-based local strategies that align national security with ecological and social well-being and offers insights into sustainable governance in border areas.