Early Editions Research Articles

Власть золота в повести О.М. Куваева «Печальные странствия Льва Бебенина»

The article is an analysis and characterization of the ideological and artistic features novel "The Sad Wanderings of Lev Bebenin" by Oleg Kuvaev. Special attention is paid to the unique combination of a pronounced mythological origin, elements of a picaresque novel and documentary authenticity in it. The article also compares the story with its early edition, entitled "Requiem in the Morning".

Кому молились о рождении Ивана Грозного: «неизвестные» и новые молитвы прп. Александра Свирского

<p>The idea for this article came about as a result of a combination of the revived veneration of St Alexander of Svirsky, and the study of the manuscript tradition of his Life (16th-19th centuries) and is connected with the attribution of prayers attributed to the Venerable in modern liturgical minyas. A study of over 315 folios of the Vita has shown that there is no evidence of the latter in the main source of information about the Monk. However, in the earliest edition, the Mineinaya, his prayers were preserved in the form in which they were recorded 12 years after his repose. One of them is in a sense key to Russian history and is directly connected with the veneration of the saint by the royal family; it is preserved only in manuscripts and is absent in the modern hagiographic text. The objectives of the study were both to establish the probable sources of the modern prayers attributed to St Alexander and to clarify the manuscript tradition of those prayers that were clearly preserved throughout the centuries in the texts of the Life.</p>

Schoenberg’s Metronome Markings: A Study of His Music Manuscripts and Early Editions

While Schoenberg had consistently indicated tempo using words exclusively in his early tonal music, metronome markings became a common practice in his twelve-tone music. Situated within a historical context, this study demonstrates the process by which Schoenberg employed metronome markings as an indispensable means to create his music. The first section of this article discusses Schoenberg’s writings regarding his ideas on tempo indications and speculates on the motivation behind the switch to metronome markings. The second section examines the source documents of Schoenberg’s Second String Quartet, Op. 10, Erwartung, Op. 17, and the Four Orchestral Songs, Op. 22. Exploring Schoenberg’s method of tempo indication in these works, I suggest that his approach towards tempo indications started to change around the fall of 1913 when he composed the first song of Op. 22. Here, the metronome marking became a tool to indicate the basic tempo of the music. Finally, I argue that the composer’s instruction to performers that “the metronome marks must not be taken literally,” which is usually found in the prefaces of his scores published after 1914, was due to the highly expressive nature of his music.

Rare Editions of Blaise Pascal in the Collections of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Research Department of Rare Books of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences holds valuable copies of early editions of the religious and philosophical works by Blaise Pascal (1623—1662). The article considers the copies of Pascal’s rare editions in the context of the history of publication of his works, the formation of book collections, of which the department’s collection was comprised, first of all the original one, as well as the Mikhalkov collection and the library of the Roman Catholic Theological Academy.

Newly discovered inscriptions from the armenian cathedral of st. James in Jerusalem

The article focuses on the epigraphic legacy of the Armenian Cathedral of St. James in Jerusalem and its recently discovered inscriptions. Since the late 19th century, scholars have been gathering and publishing epigraphs from the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem, encompassing not just the Cathedral but also other sanctuaries, and the neighbourhoods within the convent. These efforts have provided a valuable resource for those interested in the history of Armenians in the Holy Land. Similar to inscriptions found in other sanctuaries across the Holy Land, those found in the St. James Cathedral were left by both congregants of the Cathedral and Armenian pilgrims who visited the Holy Land over the centuries. Local inscriptions typically include details about the individuals mentioned, such as their families, birthplaces, and occupations. These sources frequently document renovations or constructions, shedding light on known and previously unknown projects undertaken in the area. Through epigraphic research conducted in Jerusalem in 2019 and 2022, several inscriptions previously absent from earlier editions were discovered in the Cathedral. This article presents 10 of these newly found inscriptions, accompanied by images and explanatory notes.

New Data on Marcin Broniowski (Broniewski) and His Tartariae Descriptio (1578)

The article is devoted to the biography of the Polish traveller and diplomat Marcin Broniowski (d. 1592), author of Tartariae descriptio (1578), a classic description of early modern Crimea. While working on the article, I discovered a number of previously unknown Polish sources relating to the diplomat’s biography. This allowed me to reconstruct Marcin Broniowski’s biography and the chronology of his visits to Crimea. I also analyse the main early modern editions and translations of Tartariae descriptio, as well as its influence on the history of European geographical thought.

An appraisal of the LQI as an approach to setting target reliabilities in ISO 2394:2015

The idea of coupling economics and safety into one optimization exercise, and hence deriving target reliabilities explicitly from socio-economic consequences of limit state violation, appeared in the JCSS Probabilistic Model Code around the turn of the century; the effort culminated in the form of a Life Quality Index (LQI)-based marginal lifesaving costs (MLSC) methodology in ISO 2394:2015 for determining maximum acceptable failure probabilities, pT, in life safety limit states for civil engineering structures across all nations. Unfortunately, while the methodology does yield adequate levels of safety when applied to structures in the developed countries, the recommended values of pT turn out to be one to two orders of magnitude higher, and unacceptable to every known standard in the world including its own earlier edition (ISO 2394:1998) when applied to structures in the developing world (exemplified by India) with identical functions and expected fatalities. This arises from two shortcomings: (1) an MLSC approach is generally unable to provide an independent constraint on monetary optimization, and (2) the LQI-based measure of MLSC constraint is strongly dependent on a country’s per capita GDP (g) and the resultant pT is effectively governed by the reciprocal of g. This paper recommends continuing with the absolute − not marginal − consequences of violating life safety limit states, and setting constraints on monetary optimization that are consistent with fatality risks from engineering activities more universally accepted to be safe.

Early Printed Editions of Cyrillic Liturgical Tetraevangelia. A Catalogue

Early Printed Editions of Cyrillic Liturgical Tetraevangelia. A Catalogue

Fostering Medical Students’ Commitment to Beneficence in Ethics Education

Fostering Medical Students’ Commitment to Beneficence in Ethics Education

Пастернак и Северянин: две редакции «Вокзала»

Boris Pasternak’s early work, in particular, in the first two books of poems, Bliznets v tuchakh (Twin in the Clouds, 1914) and Poverkh bar’erov (Over the Barriers, 1916/1917), demonstrates the “traces” of Igor Severyanin’s (Igor Lotarev) style and imagery. However, in 1928, Pasternak significantly rewrote his early poems for a new book. The poet frees several poems from Severyanin’s influence but does not eliminate the elements of his older contemporary’s poetics and stylistic features. The present article shows the evolution of reminiscences from Severyanin’s texts in early and late editions of Pasternak’s Vokzal (Station, 1913, 1928). In the 1928 edition of Vokzal, Pasternak abandons some of Severyanin’s techniques presented in the 1913 edition in favor of “simplification.” Therefore, he moves away from the “artsy” vocabulary and Latin alphabet and, at the same time, adds colloquial words. Nevertheless, despite the emphasized transition to a new period in his work, Pasternak seems to retain some of his former style’s particular signs.

Transformation of Oblomov’s Portrait in Two Editions of I. A. Goncharov’s Novel: About Literary Discussion with “Physiologies” of F. V. Bulgarin

The article discusses the situation associated with changes in the portrait of Oblomov in two canonical editions of the novel, 1859 and 1862. Along with the existing explanations for the disappearance of the “free thought” metaphor from the second edition of the portrait, which is associated with the elimination of romantic style or with the writer’s haste in preparing the 1862 edition, the article puts forward another version of the transformation of the text. It is motivated by Goncharov’s literary controversy with that line of the “physiological” direction in the literature of the middle of the 19th century, which was presented in the essays of F.V. Bulgarin. The article shows that in both early editions of the novel, the initial and 1859, there are metaphors of “sleepy mind” and “free thought”, which were presented in one of the essays included in the publication “Mosquitoes, or All sorts of things by Thaddeus Bulgarin” under title “Running Thought”. In the early version of Oblomov’s portrait, the situation described in this “physiology” is read, when the “owner” of “mind” and “thought” living in St. Petersburg only coexists with his sleepy mind, and his thought completely leaves him and travels like a “free bird” to other houses of St. Petersburg, observing the “dead kingdom” everywhere. The essay offers a naturalistic section of the city. The interest in Bulgarin on the part of Goncharov is regarded by the author of the article not as an accidental phenomenon, but is associated with the controversy of two lines of “naturalism” in the literature of the 1840s and with the ironic tactics of Goncharov’s narrative. A significant role is also played by personal motives, Goncharov’s negative attitude towards Bulgarin’s personality as a writer and critic. Goncharov in his other writings and letters of the 1830-1850s often reproduces the style of Bulgarin, and Bulgarin’s subtexts always work for him to create an ironic mode, and Goncharov’s narration itself is sustained in a polemical manner. These examples are also systematized in the article. And in general in the opinion of the author of the article, the vector of controversy with Bulgarin should also be extended to the novel “Oblomov”, work on which began in early of 1840s, in the period of commercial success of Bulgarin’s physiological enterprises. Goncharov’s attempt to eliminate Bulgarin’s “traces” in the second edition of Oblomov’s portrait, and then return to them in later editions of the novel, is considered in the article as a kind of “organic contradiction” in the writer’s poetics and publishing tactics, which probably require additional scholarly reflection.

Deuteronomic Redaction and the Evolution of the Decalogues in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5

This paper examines the development and evolution of the Decalogue (Ten Commandments) based on a comparison of the Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5 versions. It reviews past scholarly theories about the original form and composition of the Decalogue. The paper then analyzes the unique features in each biblical version to hypothesize about later Priestly and Deuteronomic editions. After removing these proposed additions, an attempt is made to reconstruct a more original core version. The analysis suggests the Decalogue went through multiple stages of evolution and redaction by various tradents. While Exodus 20 appears older overall, both versions contain editing that shapes them for their literary contexts. The study supports Blum’s theory of an early Deuteronomic edition of Tetrateuch texts, but with recognition that further development occurred before the final forms of Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5. The paper illustrates the complex traditio-historical process in the formation of biblical texts.

«Alfurkan tatarski» (Wilno, 1616/1617) Петра Чижевского: авторство текста

The article focuses on the textual characteristics of the Polish anti-Ta- tar pamphlet “Alfurkan tatarski” written by Piotr Czyżewski (Wilno, 1616/1617) and reveals its text being a compilation. There are at least four different indica- tions for this. They were a result of borrowing certain textual fragments from Matiasz Czyżewski’s earlier edition “Alkoran” (1616), which is considered lost. However, its long title describing the contents survives and can be safely com- pared to the extant text of Piotr Czyżewski’s “Alfurkan tatarski”. This comparison reveals thematic similarities between the two editions accompanied by identical wording which must be viewed as result of textual borrowing from the earlier edition into the later one. This collaborates well with A. Brückner’s comparison of the two editions (both were available to him in the early 20th century) which were reported to contain partially the same textual material.
 Traditionally the names of both authors are treated as pseudonyms of an un- known person who was recently identified with Józef Karcan (the printer of Piotr Czyżewski’s first edition of “Alfurkan tatarski”) or, alternatively, with Tomasz Pawłowski (the abbot of the Benedictine monastery in Old Trakai in ca 1597 – ca 1617). Nevertheless, the very nature of the revealed textual bor- rowings, accompanied by a significant rearrangement of the general struc
 ture, suggests that both editions have different authors. Since Matiasz and Piotr Czyżewski in their publications call themselves brothers and mention each other’s editions, they, contrary to the established tradition, must be con- sidered the actual authors of the respective printed books, and not fictitious pseudonyms.

“To Make Books Is to Multiply”: Artists' Books and Feminist Expression in Mexico

Abstract In the late 1970s and early 80s, artist's books exploded in Mexico City. The impetus for this explosion has often been located in the artistic practice of the experimental artist Felipe Ehrenberg and the bookmaking workshops he offered beginning in 1976. While Ehrenberg was undoubtedly influential, this essay reexamines the history of this period—a so-called Golden Epoch of independent publishing in Mexico––in order to recuperate the significant role that feminist-aligned artists played in advancing the medium of the artist's book. In particular, I examine early editions produced by the artists Magali Lara and Yani Pecanins. Both prolific producers and staunch advocates for the artist's book medium, Lara and Pecanins wielded the book form's unique qualities in order to interrogate and validate aspects of women's experience that were often elided from both Mexican popular culture and the contemporaneous experimental art scene. Their early artist's books were conduits for feminist expression that pushed the limits of formal experimentation and forged new circuits of communication.

Leonico Tomeo’s Marginalia: Manuscript and Print in Sixteenth-Century Veneto

Abstract This article centres on a connection between the manuscript reading marks of the Italian humanist Niccolò Leonico Tomeo (Venice 1456-Padua 1531), in the form of curved branches with sprouting leaves, and printed marginal notes found in early editions of his works printed in Venice and Paris. Known generally as a Greek scholar of Aristotle active at the University of Padua, Leonico had also an important role in contemporary intellectual and political debate, especially in relation to his many close English acquaintances. This article examines the occurrences of these unique marginal annotations in manuscript and print, and connects Leonico’s printed works to the printing and intellectual environment in Padua and Venice.

Reminiscences and Autoreminiscences in Three Early Editions of the Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Demon"

The article is devoted to the first three early editions of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Demon", in which the author uses reminiscences from the poetic stories of V.A. Zhukovsky and A.S. Pushkin, traditionally referred to as romantic poems, as well as non-genre poems (elegies) by V.A. Zhukovsky. Interest in non-genre poems is not accidental and extremely productive, since they include lyrical, epic, and dramatic beginnings. The comparative analysis carried out in the study showed that in connection with reminiscences in Lermontov's poem, we can talk not only about individual lines, motifs, images, but also about the invariant complex of techniques for incarnating the images of a demon and an angel, characteristic of Russian literature of this period, concerning, in particular, motifs of water (tears) and fire, as well as the traditional group of themes-plots: "demon" - "small demon" - "demonic hero". Already in these initial versions of the poem, quoting lines from his own lyrical and dramatic works of 1829–1831, as well as plays (1830) and "People and Passions" (1830), Lermontov also uses the technique of autoreminiscence.

The 2023 Bethesda System for reporting thyroid cytopathology.

Since the publication of the first edition in 2010, The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology has allowed cytopathologists to use a standardized, category-based reporting system for thyroid fine needle aspirations. The third edition builds on the success of the 2 earlier editions and offers several key updates. The most important is the assignment of a single name for each of the 6 diagnostic categories: (i) nondiagnostic; (ii) benign; (iii) atypia of undetermined significance; (iv) follicular neoplasm; (v) suspicious for malignancy; and (vi) malignant. Each of the categories has an implied risk of malignancy (ROM), which has been updated and refined based on data reported after the second edition. The third edition offers an average ROM for each category, in addition to the expected range of cancer risk. The atypia of undetermined significance subcategorization is simplified into 2 subgroups based on the implied ROM and molecular profiling. A discussion of pediatric thyroid disease has been added, and pediatric ROMs and management algorithms are discussed in the relevant sections. Nomenclature has been updated to align with the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms. Two new chapters have been added: one that addresses the significant and expanded use of molecular and ancillary testing in thyroid cytopathology, and another that summarizes clinical perspectives and imaging findings in thyroid disease.

Making or Declaring Law? Legislative Intent and Privileged Speech in Anglo-Saxon England

Celebrated by a generation of literature scholars, lamented by E. D. Hirsch, the disappearance of the author and authorial intentions as means of interpretation has a history with branches in the study of pre-Conquest England. Long before the twentieth century, Anglo-Saxon legislators were disappearing from their laws, as discussion of their intentions in establishing them was viewed by historians with increasing disfavor. Even today, commentary on early English royal legislation seldom acknowledges that these texts enjoyed (or were intended to enjoy) the force of law in any meaningful sense. Only in the past decade have cracks emerged in the consensus that such legislation was meant for anything beyond symbolic purposes, a view backed by a much older consensus that pre-Conquest law could do no more than “declare” what had always been custom, thus revealing little about the purposes of kings and their counselors. This essay traces commentators’ reticence about acknowledging the legislative purposes behind early English legislation to disputes over codification that agitated German-speaking parts of Europe in the early nineteenth century. Yet the earliest editors and commentators prized these materials specifically because they exhibited the lawmaking powers of kings and their councils. The article examines neglected evidence afforded by early English legislation itself, finding that this earlier tradition was by no means exhausted when abandoned.

ჯუანშერ ჯუანშერიანი ცხოვრებაÁ ვახტანგ გორგასლისა მშობელთაÁ და თჳთ მის დიდისა და ღმრთისმსახურისა მეფისაÁ, რომელი უმეტესად სხუათა განთქუმულად გამოჩნდა ყოველთა მეფეთა ქართლისათა

Recent years have seen an increase in interest in medieval Georgian historiography. Many interesting studies are being produced. New editions and translations of texts are appearing. This is probably for several reasons. On the one hand, the material is vast, very interesting and still little developed. On the other hand, in the last two decades, it has received reliable research, which has resulted in a completely different perspective on Georgian medieval historiography. The work of the 11th century Georgian historian Juansher Juansheriani’s Life of Vakhtang Gorgasali is one of the complex and important monuments of medieval Georgian literature. It contains important information concerning not only Georgia, but also neighbouring countries and peoples (North Caucasus, Armenia, Caucasian Albania, Byzantium and Western Asia), their participation and role in the history of Georgia and the entire South Caucasus region. Closer analysis of the text itself leads to the conclusion that the Life of Vakhtang Gorgasali is an invaluable source, hence the increasing number of studies on specific aspects of the text today. Two works by Juansher have survived, The Life of Vakhtang Gorgasali and The Martyrdom of Saint Archil. It is generally assumed that the author of the texts dates back to the 11th century, while it seems that these works were written as early as the 8th century. It is also believed that the author of these texts may have been Leonti Mroveli, who wrote, among other things, The Lives of the Georgian Kings. The text includes a full translation and footnotes. All earlier editions and Old Georgian manuscripts were taken into account during the translation. Pages in brackets follow the pagination of the text contained in Kartlis Tskhovreba.

Celebrating 100 years of Cope’s Early Diagnosis of the AcuteAbdomen

BackgroundNo list of the iconic books in surgery would be complete without The Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen by Sir Vincent Zachary Cope, MS, MD. First published in 1921, few books have stood the test of time like this treatise on the acute abdomen. It is also fitting that, after Mr Cope’s passing, William Silen would assume the mantle with the 15th edition and maintain his legacy work through the 22nd and final edition. MethodsEach edition of The Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen and The Acute Abdomen in Rhyme was curated and reviewed in detail within the historical context of the era in which the book was printed. ResultsThe tenets of physical diagnosis and history did not change during the 100 years through the current printing; however, the emphasis on related medical diseases evolved due to antibiotic therapy and the prevalence of nonsurgical diseases that evolved across this period. Early editions highlighted the value of plain radiography as it came into common use, whereas later editions included cross-sectional imaging as a valuable diagnostic tool. ConclusionThe context and evolution of this masterpiece are fundamental to the legacy of the abdominal surgeon. Cope’s lessons on the value of dedication and attention to detail to formulate clinical diagnoses by engaging with the patient rather than excessive use of laboratory testing and imaging still apply in today’s rapidly evolving and increasingly value-based world.