Early Days Research Articles

Thermal Modeling of Photovoltaic Panel for Cell Temperature and Power Output Predictions under Outdoor Climatic Conditions of Jodhpur

The rise in the temperature severely affects photovoltaic cell efficiency and hence its power output. Moreover, it also causes the development of thermal stresses that may reduce their life span. Thus, there is a need for an accurate estimation of the cell’s working temperature. In this paper, a detailed thermal model based on various heat transfer modes involved and their governing equations has been presented to estimate the cell temperature of a PV module using MATLAB software under different climatic and solar insolation conditions. In order to validate the presented model, an experimental setup has been built and operated under actual outdoor conditions of Jodhpur, a city in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan. For the peak summer month of June, the predicted glass cover outer surface temperature has been found to be within 0.2–4.5°C of experimentally measured values and the back sheet temperature is found to be within 0.5–5.5°C. The predicted and measured power outputs have been found to be within 0.85–1.2 W while the efficiency values are within 0.17–0.38%. For the early summer month of April, the variations are 0.13–4.1°C, 0.2–4.1°C, 0.44–1.65 W, and 0.1–0.5% for glass cover temperature, back sheet temperature, power output, and efficiency, respectively. Thus, the predictions of the developed thermal model have exhibited a good agreement with the experimental results. The maximum glass cover temperatures recorded were 60°C and 65.5°C when the ambient temperatures were 35°C and 42°C near the noon for the early summer and peak summer day experiments, respectively. The presented model can be used to generate a year-round cell temperature data for the known environmental data of a location, which can help in the selection or development of appropriate cooling technology at the planning stage of the installation of a solar PV plant.

Health and Social Vulnerabilities Among Unstably Housed and Homeless Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The role of housing as a social driver of health is well-established, with stable housing being an important factor in reducing health inequities. During developmentally critical periods such as young adulthood, unstable housing and related social marginalization have profound effects on development and later health, social, and economic wellbeing. This exploratory study analyzed data from a population-based, longitudinal sample of young adults (average age 31 years) from Washington State (n = 755) to compare health and economic impacts of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on housing status. Descriptive results suggest the pandemic exposed underlying vulnerabilities for young adults experiencing homelessness and housing instability, with an overall widening of inequities related to financial difficulties and increased risk for poor mental health and social isolation. Findings suggest that these vulnerabilities are magnified in the context of public health crises and strengthen the case for population-based studies investigating potential modifiable causes of housing instability to inform prevention and early intervention at the earliest possible point in a young person's development. Studies examining the severity of COVID-related hardships on young adult health and social outcomes are vital for establishing an evidence base for strategic policy action that seeks to prevent a rebound in young adult homelessness and housing instability post-pandemic. These studies would bolster both emergency preparedness responses that account for the unique needs of vulnerable populations and upstream population-level prevention approaches beginning long before the imminent risk for housing instability develops.

Safety and Outcomes of Same-Day Discharge Versus Overnight Observation After Transradial Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Philippines

INTRODUCTION: Since earlier days of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), there has been improvement in several aspects of PCI including use of transradial approach and third-generation drug-eluting stents. Despite data showing its safety, same-day discharge (SDD) PCI has not been widely practiced in our institution and country. At present, there are no published studies from the Philippines showing the safety and outcome of SDD PCI. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to determine and compare the safety and outcomes of SDD versus overnight observation after PCI in The Medical City from 2018 to 2021. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was to describe and compare the clinical profile of patients who underwent same-day versus overnight observation after PCI such as age, sex, comorbidities, indication for coronary angiogram, procedure time, total dye used, stent, and drug-eluting stent used. Incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event, mortality, readmission, and access site complications were also determined at 48 hours and 30 days after PCI. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were included in the analysis. Reasons for undergoing PCI were a positive noninvasive stress test (45%), stable angina (40%), coronary artery disease (26%), and heart failure (20%). More single-vessel (60%) than multivessel (40%) PCIs were performed. The most frequently affected coronary artery was the LAD (82%), followed by right coronary artery (32%) and left circumflex artery (30%). Compared with patients who stayed longer after PCI, the SDD group had lower mean (±SD) body mass index (25.10 ± 3.12 vs 28.55 ± 4.95 kg/m2), less due to a positive noninvasive test (26% vs 51%), more who underwent a single-vessel PCI (78% vs 54%), lower median amount of injected dye (130 vs 188 mL), shorter median procedural time (74 vs 101.5 minutes), and greater use of sirolimus-eluting stent (22% vs 3%). No adverse outcome of interest was noted in any patient up to 30 days after hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: No adverse outcome was noted with SDD PCI. Larger, prospective, randomized comparative studies are needed to ascertain its safety before recommending SDD PCI routinely. KEYWORDS: left anterior descending artery, left circumflex artery, percutaneous coronary intervention, right coronary artery, same-day discharge

Evaluation of niger (Guizotia abyssinica) germplasm for seed yield and its attributes

A total of 114 germplasm of niger along with two check varieties RCR 18 and DNS 4 were evaluated during kharif, 2020 at College of Agriculture, Raichur for seed yield and its attributing characters. The seed yield ranged from 0.7 to 9.0 g/line with a mean of 2.14g. Among all, five genotypes were performed better for seed yield (g) /line viz., IGP-GP-22 (9.0g), ICNR 04 (8.7g), IGP-GP-48 (8.5g), ICNR 05 (8.5g) and DNS 17 (8.4g). Two genotypes ICNR 04 (30 days) and DNS 17 (40 days) exhibited early days to 50% flowering compared to rest of the genotypes.

Green extraction: concepts, principles, solutions, future prospects and challenges

Since the early days, natural products have played a significant role in drug discovery and development. However, the extraction process of these compounds often includes many complex steps, consumes a lot of energy and a large volume of solvents, which can have a significant impact on the environment as well as human health. Therefore, it is necessary to find better ways to improve the yield of extraction, while minimizing risks that may affect the environment and humans. In this review, the basic concept and six principles of green extraction have been introduced. The solutions of green extraction have been also explored to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of green extraction, including (1) Use of renewable resources, (2) Use of innovative extraction techniques and solvents, (3) Reduction of energy consumption, (4) By-products and waste valorization, (5) Optimization of extraction process and (6) Other solutions. While the future of green extraction appears promising, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed to ensure its widespread adoption and continued advancement. Therefore, it requires a lot of effort as well as the coordination of many different fields to turn these principles into concrete actions.

Qualitative exploration of the early experiences of opioid use disorder patients from private clinics after Russia's invasion of Ukraine in five major cities in Ukraine.

Following the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation on 24 February 2022, over 6,000 patients were at risk of potential disruptions in treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in Ukraine. Before 2022, privatized MOUD clinics had emerged, partly driven by restrictive governmental policies and practices in state-funded facilities. Nevertheless, scant information exists regarding their operation and the patient's experiences, especially during crises. This study seeks to elucidate the initial lived experiences of patients utilizing private MOUD clinics, integrating these insights with an analysis of the responding health system during war. The findings are derived from 20 qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted between March and June 2022, engaging participants from five major Ukrainian cities: Kharkiv, Kyiv, Odesa, Poltava, and Zaporizhzhya. Employing a rapid analysis procedure, we examined the data through descriptive and analytical summaries aligned with the domains of the data collection instrument. Emergent themes encompassed stress and uncertainty following the invasion's onset, challenges accessing MOUD, and consequent perceptions concerning state-funded versus private clinics. The study identified disruptions in the operation of private MOUD clinics across most cities examined. Issues pertaining to MOUD medication availability were linked to dosage reductions at state-funded clinics or pharmacy medication shortages or closures. Despite varied experiences at different MOUD clinics and cities, most participants continued their treatment. This qualitative exploration provides a perspective on lived experiences with MOUD treatment at private clinics amidst the initial months of the invasion, illuminating how the early days' stress, access challenges, varied responses from private MOUD clinics, and precarious conditions informed or altered preferences regarding MOUD treatment options. Moreover, these findings corroborate previously documented efforts by myriad stakeholders to mitigate war-related disruptions to MOUD delivery. These insights contribute to the international understanding of health system navigation and resilience during major crises, offering valuable lessons for preparedness development.

The Evolution of the Concept of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Europe: A Review of International Law, Policy, and Practice

Underwater cultural heritage (UCH) is a diverse and valuable resource that includes shipwrecks, sunken cities, and other submerged archaeological sites. It is an important part of human history and culture and can significantly benefit society. However, various factors often neglect and threaten UCH, including climate change, pollution, and human activities. Several factors, including technological advances, the development of international law, and the growing awareness of the importance of cultural heritage, have influenced the evolution of the concept of UCH. In the early days of underwater archaeology, the focus was on recovering artifacts and treasures from shipwrecks. However, over time, there has been a shift towards a more holistic approach to the management of UCH, which emphasizes the importance of in situ preservation and the involvement of local communities. This review provides a chronological analysis of the evolution of the concept of UCH over the past 70 years and examines the main international conventions and charters developed to protect UCH. The review also discusses the relationship between UCH and marine protected areas (MPAs), the marine environment, and the coastal landscape.

Quo Vadis Aceh is A Special Autonomous Region in The State of The Republic of Indonesia

Objective: This study aims to re-actualize Pancasila as a state ideology, especially the 3rd principle, namely Indonesian Unity. The meaning of unity is considered to be fading given the existence of Aceh, which in the past eighteen years has seen its status degraded, both explicitly and implicitly, especially about Aceh's authority as a special autonomous region. Theoretical framework: this study compares constitutional theory through the text and context of Article 18B paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution and the Amendment Results. Next is the concept of asymmetric decentralization through Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Aceh Government (UUPA). Method: The study used normative legal studies, where data collection is carried out using library research with a focus on the application of norms in the UUPA. Presented in a descriptive-analytical manner, by examining the implementation of UUPA based on juridical, historical, political, and social aspects, to find the concrete reality of the implementation of special autonomy in Aceh currently, and its projections in the future. Results and Conclusions: The study shows that in the early days of Aceh's special autonomy, relations with the Central Government were constructive. Aceh has become the center of national mainstreaming. However, recently, conditions no longer work that way. The existence of the UUPA as a document for Aceh's development after the earthquake-tsunami and armed conflict is no longer a special concern for Jakarta, and this threatens the sense of unity of this country.

Making a place special—The development of Restorative Marine Ecotourism at a dive destination village

Marine ecotourism is a multifaceted social-ecological activity that seeks to balance economic benefits with support for sustainability and positive ecosystem impacts. Successful marine ecotourism relies upon ecosystem health and has the potential to restore or regenerate nature. Restoration efforts of marine habitats aim to foster social and ecological resilience, requiring novel management strategies. To date examples of successful restorative tourism are rare in marine habitats. It is early days, emphasizing the importance of exploring opportunities for the development of restorative practices. To help frame opportunities for the development of Restorative Marine Ecotourism (RME), this study explores the relationship between ecological restoration initiatives and marine ecotourism in the New Zealand village of Tutukaka. This qualitative study assessed stakeholders' perspectives of opportunities and challenges to develop local RME initiatives in Tutukaka, where development has been strongly influenced by the possibility to access a nearby offshore marine reserve and internationally famous dive site. Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews with marine ecotourism businesses, ecological restoration actors, and governance authorities, and analyzed through thematic analysis. The interviews identified a set of core social-ecological relationships around which strategies to guide the development of RME coalesce: ongoing coastal and marine environmental issues and the discussion around how best to address them; opportunities to develop local restoration initiatives; economic and ecological challenges to realizing those opportunities; and the costs, benefits and opportunities of RME. Interview respondents emphasized the importance of diverse approaches to address the challenges around RME development, including collaboration among stakeholders, the willingness to experiment widely around experiential learning and take risks, and importantly adopting strategies to make places “special.” This study offers insights that can inform the planning and implementation of RME initiatives at a local scale to support the achievement of both ecological restoration goals and sustainable tourism practices. These include trusted relationships among stakeholders, fostering bottom-up processes, and the value of producing social-ecological knowledge. The Tutukaka case highlights possible avenues for restoration to effectively contribute to marine ecotourism. The focus on the “specialness of place” highlights the importance of place-based knowledge and preservation that facilitates trust, entrepreneurialism, environmental ethics, and supportive management.

The systemic impact of different COVID-19 vaccines in 2-[18F] FDG-PET/CT

Austria started its COVID-19-vaccination program in December 2020 with three different vaccines. As the vaccination program continues, we encountered increased 2-[18F] FDG-activity not only in axillary lymph nodes ipsilateral to the injection site but also in other organs. The aim of this retrospective study is to present results of the metabolic activity of ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, liver, blood pool, spleen, and bone marrow after three different vaccines. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine systemic response changes in relation to time after COVID-19 vaccination using three different vaccines. The collected data of 220 eligible vaccinated patients (127 with BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2, 61 with Moderna, and 32 with AstraZeneca) examined with 2-[18F] FDG-PET/CT were enrolled. The PET/CT examinations were evaluated from day 1 to day 135 (SD: 23.2, median: 26) after different vaccinations. Seventy-one out of these 220 patients underwent a pre-vaccination 2-[18F] FDG -PET/CT. SUVmax of axillary node(s), and blood pool, liver, spleen, and bone marrow as reference organs were calculated. The ratio of SUVmax activity of axillary lymph node to reference organs was also compared in all patients. The tracer activity dynamics were investigated in three different vaccines. After BioNTech/Pfizer vaccination 2-[18F] FDG activity in axillary lymph nodes shows a steady decrease in all patients. Ten days after vaccination the 2-[18F] FDG uptake was at its highest activity. Seventy days after vaccination, tracer activity is not different from the background activity of 2-[18F] FDG in the axillary region. This result also applies to other two vaccines; however, in the 4th week after Moderna vaccination SUVmax in lymph nodes showed the highest peak of tracer activity. With AstraZeneca the highest activity was at the earlier days. There was no significant statistical difference of SUVmax of lymph nodes or its ratios to other reference organs between three groups of vaccines. SUVmax in lymph nodes was statistically significant lower than SUVmax in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow with p-values of < 0.001, 0.044, and 0.001, respectively. In the group of 71 patients with a pre-vaccination PET/CT examination, the median SUVmax of lymph nodes increased significantly after vaccination from 0.82 (IQR 0.59–1.38) to 1.80 (IQR 1.07–3.89)(p < 0.001). In contrast median tracer activity in the liver decreased from 3.37 (IQR 2.83–3.91) to 3.11 (2.56–3.70) (p = 0.032). There was no significant change of tracer activity after vaccination in other reference regions (mediastinum, spleen, and bone marrow). In this group of 71 patients, there was also no significant difference in tracer activity in different types of vaccines. Local site and ipsilateral axillary lymph node activity in 2-[18F] FDG PET/CT after COVID19-vaccination is suggested in many studies. The main challenge is recognizing the changes in lymph nodes during time after vaccination to minimize false interpretation, foremost in patients with oncological diagnoses. Moreover, different vaccines cause different system metabolic changes. The knowledge of vaccine type, the time interval between vaccination and PET/CT scan is essential, especially in therapy evaluation.

The State of the Judiciary in Early Islam

Due to the formation and existence of conflicts in human societies from the distant past until now, the issue of justice has always been very important. Accordingly, in the Holy Qur'an and the Prophet's (PBUH) history, judiciary has taken a prominent place. After the Prophet (PBUH), the issue of judiciary has continued to be the focus and attention of the caliphs and rulers, especially the rightly caliphs. The treatise on judicial review is in the history of early Islam. Based on this, this is an investigation into the history of judiciary in Islam, the image of its character, the judiciary in the early days of Islam, and this shows the general purpose of this article., to complete the content of this article from authoritative books such as: alnizam alqada' fi alfiqh al'iislamia bad aye alsanaye, nizam alqada' fi alsharieat al'iislamia and other books have been used, and the results show that the jurists have defined judiciary in such a way that judiciary is the means the termination of hostilities due to the manifestation of a Sharia ruling in that regard. Considering the importance of judiciary in Islam, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to judge personally for the purpose of ensuring justice and the realization of public rights, and he resolved the cases and listened to the speech of the parties in the dispute and always told both sides the truth and They invited honestly. Also, the rightly caliphs (may God be pleased with them) always tried to assign the task of judiciary to people who are trusted among the people of the society, who have patience and good character, and who have self-governance and the ability of diligence.

Reinterpreting Muhammadiyah’s Purification and Its Implications for the Educational Philosophy

This article mainly explores the changing and development of thought that occurred in one of the largest modernist Islamic organizations in Indonesia, Muhammadiyah, regarding Islamic purification. Using intellectual history as an approach, this research concluded that even though Muhammadiyah had purification as its main characteristic, in fact it had its own reinterpretation being extended and expanded. By implementing Abdolkarim Soroush’s theory of contraction and expansion of religious knowledge, this research found that in the very early days of its inception, Muhammadiyah constructed its concept of purification from the spiritualization, rationalization, and functionalization of Islamic teachings. But after the inception of Tarjih division in 1927, the purification in Muhammadiyah had a narrower orientation from worships and creeds (puritanism) to the muamalah of world affairs (ultra-puritanism). Beginning in 1995, there was a wider scope in which the Tarjih division in Muhammadiyah expanded its issues of worship to include public and humanitarian issues; that era was called post-puritanism. Based on the core hypothesis that any changes in religious thought have implications for educational orientation, from George R. Knight’s perspective, several educational implications are obtained: (1) In the early days of its inception, Muhammadiyah’s education implemented a progressivism philosophy that’s inspired by religion, rationality, and life; (2) when it comes to the narrower aspect of purification only for faith, worship, and muamalah, Muhammadiyah shifted its educational philosophy to perennialism-essentialism; (3) when the purification's meaning and interpretation expanded, Muhammadiyah tended its education toward the philosophy of reconstructionism.

ГУМОР У ЧАСИ ВІЙНИ: КОНТЕКСТУАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Article’s purpose&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; is to comprehend the feasibility of comedy projects in times of war, the Russian-Ukrainian war in particular, and to determine their feasibility.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Research methodology.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; Include the analysis scientific-sources base on a select question, monitoring, synthesis. To identify the peculiarities of the practical functioning of foreign humour projects, we watched the relevant episodes on the online hosting platform Youtube.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Results.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; When war breaks out on the territory of any country, the military and other relevant structures have certain training, including mental training, which allows them to concentrate on fulfilling tasks and creating plans. The same cannot be said about citizens and society who are in shelters, in their homes or just on the street and receive a significant amount of stress and negative emotions.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;So what can help improve a person’s morale, what actions can distract them and help them to tune in to a positive mood? Some people prefer to walk when it is calm, while others like to eat, socialize, spend active time with family and friends. Regardless of which option you choose, it is almost impossible to go through such a period without a certain «dose» of positive emotions, which is produced by humor.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;In the article, we analyse that at the initial stage of the full-scale war, Ukrainian comedians and stand-ups sought to find a conjunctural moment to return to the audience and try to help the recipient find solace.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;If we talk about humour as a mass, commonly consumed product, then in this case, the focus of our research was on foreign programs of the Late Night Show format, which are traditional and popular among Western television audiences. They are broadcasted quite regularly and are in demand among a discerning audience. Each episode of the respective show is filled with original content delivered by a professional TV presenter. In such programs, jokes and laughter are quite common. But when it comes to how such programs discussed the full-scale invasion, it is worth noting that the hosts even addressed the guests in the studio (who produce lively laughter), warning against sarcasm and ridicule towards the heroic Ukrainian people, military and other professionals who bravely resisted the invaders in the first weeks of the armed conflict.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Novelty.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; The article analyzes the specifics of the functioning of humorous programs (including foreign ones) in the early days of the aggressor’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;The practical significance.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; The research results can be used during the further study of journalists in the hard period of the war. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Key words:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; war, humor, psychology, presenter, audience.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Medicinal Plants and Their Biological Applications: A Review

The manufacture of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts is one of the simplest, most useful, economical and environmentally advantageous approaches to decrease the usage of hazardous substances. Since the earliest days of human history, silver and silver salts have been employed, but silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have just recently reached light. Particularly in agriculture and medicine, these have been used as antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidants. The current research on the environmentally friendly manufacture of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilising various plant extracts and their potential use as antibacterial agents is summarised and explained in this review. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of how various factors affect the synthesis of green Ag NPs with antimicrobial properties. These factors include the type and concentration of plant extracts and phytochemicals, the solvent and temperature of extraction, and the temperature, pH, time, and concentration of the reaction. Recent advances in using different plants to yield Ag NPs with different sizes, shapes, and stabilities have been presented. It is currently demonstrated that Ag NPs prevent many bacteria and fungi from growing and multiplying by combining Ag/Ag+ with the biomolecules found inside the microbial cells. Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species that might be produced by Ag NPs, which, by preventing cell replication, cause apoptosis and cell death. SEM and TEM images of the nanoparticle-pathogen solution show that Ag NPs may enter cells and break through the cell wall since they are smaller than microorganisms. It has similarly been established that lesser Nps present additional risks than superior ones. Additionally, Ag NPs are used in packaging to prevent microbial contamination of food products. Ag NPs' toxicity is influenced by the size, concentration, pH of the media, and length of pathogen exposure. Comprehensive details have also been provided on the biogenic AgNPs' shape- and size-dependent antibacterial properties as well as the improved antimicrobial activities caused by the synergistic interaction of AgNPs with well-known commercial antibiotic medicines.

Speakers’ vocal expression of sexual orientation depends on experimenter gender

Since the early days of (phonetic) convergence research, one of the main questions is which individuals are more likely to adapt their speech to others. Especially differences between women and men have been researched with a high intensity. Using a differential approach as well, we complement the existing literature by focusing on another gender-related characteristic, namely sexual orientation. The present study aims to investigate whether and how women differing in sexual orientation vary in their speaking behavior, especially mean fundamental frequency (f0), in the presence of a female vs. male experimenter. Lesbian (n = 19) and straight female speakers (n = 18) engaged in two interactions each: First, they either engaged with a female or male experimenter, and second with the other-gender experimenter (counter-balanced and random assignment to conditions). For each interaction, recordings of read and spontaneous speech were collected. Analyses of read speech demonstrated mirroring of the first experimenter’s mean f0 which persisted even in the presence of the second experimenter. In spontaneous speech, this order effect interacted with exclusiveness of sexual orientation: Mirroring was found for participants who reported being exclusively lesbian/straight, not for those who reported being mainly lesbian/straight. We discuss implications for studies on convergence and research practice in general.

The Isometry Group of Tetrakis Hexahedron and Disdyakis Dodecahedron Spaces

Polyhedra are used in several fields by mathematicians and other scientists. It is easy to think of examples from architecture. Polyhedra have been used to scientifically explain the world around us. In the early days of study, polyhedra included only convex polyhedra. Since the ancient Greeks, many thinkers have worked on convex polyhedra. There are only five regular convex polyhedra known as Platonic solids, thirteen semi-regular convex polyhedra known as Archimedean solids, and thirteen irregular convex polyhedra which are duals of the Archimedean solids and known as Catalan solids. In this study, we show that the isometry group of the threedimensional analytic space formed by the metrics of the Tetrakis hexahedron and the Disdyakis dodecahedron is the semi-direct product of Oh and T(3), where the octahedral group Oh is the (Euclidean) symmetry group of the octahedron and T(3) is the group of all translations of the three-dimensional space.

Loss and Damage, Climate Victims, and International Climate Law: Looking Back, Looking Forward

AbstractAfter more than three decades of negotiations, the international response to climate change under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) appears to have come full circle. At COP27, parties to the UNFCCC agreed to establish a multilateral fund to address loss and damage from global temperature rise, an idea that was initially put forward by the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) in the early 1990s. Employing a historical critique, which draws upon archival and doctrinal research and interviews with key informants who participated in the early days of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change, this article examines the AOSIS proposal in its wider historical context, and provides reflections for the renewed endeavour to negotiate a multilateral fund on loss and damage, in particular with a view to achieving justice for climate victims.

The growth of Soviet music in the scope of Chinese cinema in the early period of the establishment of New China: an example of the interlude “Oh, the snowball tree is in blossom” in the film and television works of Ivan Perilyev

In the early days of the founding of New China, there was an international situation with close political contact between China and the Soviet Union. I still remember the title of “Big Brother of the Soviet Union”, which shows the political and cultural exchange and blending between these two countries. In the film industry culture, Soviet films and their unique musical melodies and content materials have inspired the development of Chinese films. The musical elements in the films can make the film works more valuable, and it is easier for them to have emotional impacts and fluctuations to invoke empathy and association. This article will analyze and discuss the films in the early days of the founding of New China through the development and influence of Soviet music in China at that time and through the detailed analysis of the specific work “Happy Life” by Ivan Pyryev to search for and summarize the clues of the rooted development of Soviet music in the Chinese film industry and its role and significance in future film and television development.

Monitoring the Family Health Centres in Kerala, India: Findings from a facility survey.

Kerala, a south Indian state, has often been cited globally as a model for better health outcomes at low cost but faces unique challenges in achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC). To propel the efforts in achieving UHC, the Government of Kerala announced the "Aardram" health reform initiative, emphasising improving the quality of primary care service delivery. The reforms started in 2017, and in the first stage, 170 of 848 Primary Health Centres (PHCs) were upgraded to Family Health Centres (FHCs). The facilities were provided with additional doctors, nurses, and paramedical staff; the working hours were extended, and the range of services offered increased. In support of these processes, we carried out a facility assessment to assess differences between upgraded FHCs and existing PHCs. We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional assessment in eight primary care facilities of Kerala, FHC (N=4) and PHCs (N=4) from June to October 2019. A structured questionnaire covering utilisation and coverage of selected priority services for various populations and health outcome data was filled out by health staff to report data for the financial year 2018-19. Data were analysed in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets for easy analysis and replication by state stakeholders. Coverage indicators such as full antenatal care and full immunization coverage were not appreciably different in FHCs as compared to PHCs. However, key reform-related differences were observed. On average, FHCs had 0.8 medical officers and one staff nurse per 10,000 population, whereas PHCs had 0.7 medical officers and less than 0.4 staff nurses per 10,000 population, even as the size of populations served by these human resources varied greatly across both types of facilities. The number of outpatient department visits per 10,000 population annually was 11,343 persons in FHCs and 9,580 persons in PHCs. FHCs also provided additional services such as screening for depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders. Aardram primary healthcare reforms are still in their early days and appear to be associated with improved service coverage at the institutional level. However, some patterns are uneven: reforms should be carefully documented, and population-level impacts monitored over time.

Imbalance of substances in uterine-vaginal mucus in the early days of the estrous cycle

Background. The macroscopic evaluation of the color and consistency of cow uterine-vaginal mucus (UVM) samples revealed that during days 1–3 of the estrous cycle, 45.4 % of the animals in the studied sample (n = 11) had a clear-glassy color, 27.3 % had blood impurities, 18.2 %, and 9.1 % – altered coloring. Additionally, 36.4 % of the samples had thick-viscous, liquid consistency, while 63.6 % had liquid texture. Materials and methods. Mucus was collected from experimental animals at 7–8 a.m. on days 1–3 of the estrous cycle. The volume (cm3) was measured and the color and consistency of the secretion were evaluated. Indicators of mass (g) and content (%) of water (H2O), organic substances (OS), and inorganic substances (IS) were determined gravimetrically. Results. The analysis of the volume and mass indicators of native UVM samples indicates a high (˃95 %) error rate in the registered changes of H2O. However, the error in the sum of the masses OS and IS samples of dry residue (DR) components is completely different. This indicator tends to change on days 1 and 2 (Р ˂0.05), but its stable probability is detected on days 2 and 3, as well as 1 and 3 (Р ˂0.001). Stable changes in the mass OS were detected on days 2 and 3 (Р ˂0.01), while the masses of IS changed on days 1 and 2 (P ˂0.01) and 2 and 3 (P ˂0.001). In all other cases, the error exceeds 95 %. The mass percentages of H2O, OS, and IS indicate a tendency (Р ˂0.05) for changes in H2O and OS content on days 1 and 3; IS content changes on days 1 and 2, as well as 2 and 3, but the changes on days 1 and 3 are highly stable (Р ˂0.001). Stable changes in the mass of DR components were only observed on days 2 and 3. The analysis of homeostasis changes in the mass of native samples indicates that the limit of mean values of UVM:Н2О (1.02–1.04:1) ˂ Н2О:OS (67–77:1) ˂ Н2О:IS (82–439:1), but the OS:IS ratios (1.2–5.5:1) of UVM sample align with the OS:IS ratios (1.2–5.5:1) of DR samples. The limit of Сv for UVM:Н2О, Н2О:OS, Н2О:IS ratio is 0.8–5.3; 19–27; 46–93 % respectively. The OS:IS ratios of native UVM and its DR samples are the same (49; 63; 31 %). The indicators of UVM:Н2О, Н2О:IS, and OS:IS ratios suggest a tendency for change (Р ˂0.05) on days 1 and 3. Their stable changes (Р ˂0.01–0.001) were observed on days 1 and 2, as well as 2 and 3 for Н2О:IS and OS:IS ratios. Conclusion. Given the above, there is a need for further thorough investigation of the characteristics of the imbalance in the components’ mass of UVM during days 1–3 of the estrous cycle, as well as the response of secretory cells of the mucous membrane of the reproductive organs to the effects of pathological factors. This research will be applied in the development of new methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of reproductive tract diseases in female animals.