Characteristics Of Ear Research Articles

COMPARISON BETWEEN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MIDDLE EAR IN NONBRACHYCEPHALIC AND BRACHYCEPHALIC DOGS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY SYNDROME.

Prevalence of subclinical middle ear lesions in dogs that undergo computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging of the head has been reported up to 41%. A predisposition in brachycephalics has been suggested, however evidence-based studies are lacking. Aims of this retrospective cross-sectional study were to compare CT characteristics of the middle ear in groups of nonbrachycephalic and brachycephalic dogs that underwent CT of the head for conditions unrelated to ear disease, and test associations between thickness of the soft palate and presence of subclinical middle ear lesions. One observer recorded CT findings for each dog without knowledge of group status. A total of 65 dogs met inclusion criteria (25 brachycephalic, 40 nonbrachycephalic). Brachycephalic dogs had a significantly thicker bulla wall (P = 2.38 × 10(-26)) and smaller luminal volume (P = 5.74 × 10(-20)), when compared to nonbrachycephalic dogs. Soft palate thickness was significantly greater in the brachycephalic group (P = 2.76 × 10(-9)). Nine of 25 brachycephalic dogs had material in the lumen of the tympanic cavity, compared to zero of 45 of nonbrachycephalics. Within the brachycephalic group, a significant difference in mean soft palate thickness was identified for dogs with material in the middle ear (12.2 mm) vs. air-filled bullae (9 mm; P = 0.016). Findings from the current study supported previous theories that brachycephalic dogs have a greater prevalence of subclinical middle ear effusion and smaller bulla luminal size than nonbrachycephalic dogs. Authors recommend that the bulla lumen volume formula previously developed for mesaticephalic dogs, (-0.612 + 0.757 [lnBW]) be adjusted to 1/3(-0.612 + 0.757 [lnBW]) for brachycephalic breeds.

EFFECT OF HYBRID, PLANTING DATES AND HARVESTING DATES ON YIELD, QUALITY, AND STORABILITY OF BABY CORN CROP.

Field and storage experiments were conducted during 2014 and2015 seasons. The field experiment was carried out at the experimentalstation of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo university ,Giza, GovernorateSeeds of field corn , 352 and 323 triple hybrids were sown 1st May,1stJune and 1st July and harvested 1, 2 and 3 days after silk emergence. Earsfrom the previous experiment (three planting dates and three harvestingdates) were stored at 5 °C and 90 – 95 % relative humidity for 15 days toinvestigate the effect of hybrid, planting date and harvesting date onaccumulated heat units growing degree days (GDD), vegetative growth,ear characters, yield and storability of baby corn ears.Results showed that baby corn plants needs 1747.6, 1694.2 (GDD)for 323 hybrid and 1822.8 and 1745.4 for 353 hybrid to reach theoptimum harvest stage of ears with the best quality ( 2 days after siliking)for the first and second seasons, respectively. Results revealed that 353hybrid had significantly increment in vegetative growth parameters andproduced higher total yield and its components per Fadden than thoseobtained by 323 hybrid. 353 hybrid planted on 1 st May and 1 st June hadthe highest vegetative growth and total yield and its components (earweight and number of cobs / m 2 while 323 hybrid planted in 1 st June wasthe lowest ones in these characters.The best value of ear length and eardiameter concerning to marketability were obtained from 353 hybridwhich planted in 1 st May and harvested after 2 days from silk emergencebeing about 9.32 cm and 10.38 mm, respectively.For storability, General Appearance (GA) in ears obtained fromplanting on 1 st May and harvested after 2 days from silk emergence didnot exhibit any changes in their appearance till the end of storage period(15 days).,also gave the lowest weight loss % , had highest L value (indicating lighter color) and b value ( indicating light yellowing) andmaintained total sugars during storage.

Ear Features based Human Identification System

Biometric features such as fingerprint, Iris were considered in the past for human identification. Ear biometrics can be considered as a new class of human identification system. The performance of ear biometric system mainly depends on proper segmentation of ear from the image and the feature extracted from the segmented ear image. It is observed from the literature, that most of the ear identification methods are not automatic. It needs user intervention in segmenting the ear from the image in order to process further. In this paper, an approach for fully automated ear segmentation and “Adaptive blocks” based feature extraction technique was proposed. Along with the extracted features, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features will be extracted from the ear image. The human will be identified by designing a suitable Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the extracted ear features as the inputs and the image index as the targets. The performance of the network will be studied with different test ear images.

A Modified Closed Cartilage-Preserving Otoplasty Technique for Prominent Ear Correction

Prominent ear is a relatively common deformity of the external ear, with an incidence of approximately 5% in Caucasians [1]. The main anatomical features of prominent ear are protrusion of the upper half of the helix with a wide conchoscaphal angle that results from failure of the antihelix to fold properly, in conjunction with a wide conchomastoid angle, deep conchal bowl, or absence of the helical roll [2]. Prominent ear may cause psychological stress, emotional trauma, and behavioral disorders, particularly in children [3]. The anatomical goal of prominent ear correction is to produce a smooth, round, and well-defined antihelical fold, a conchoscaphal angle of 90°, and conchal reduction or reduction of the conchomastoid angle [4]. A range of techniques have been developed to achieve these goals. Otoplastic techniques are divided into three broad categories: cartilage-cutting techniques, cartilage-sparing techniques, and incisionless techniques. Cartilage-sparing techniques have been Tae Joon Choi, Jin Sik Burm, Yung Ki Lee

Surgical anatomy and pathology of the middle ear.

Middle ear surgery is strongly influenced by anatomical and functional characteristics of the middle ear. The complex anatomy means a challenge for the otosurgeon who moves between preservation or improvement of highly important functions (hearing, balance, facial motion) and eradication of diseases. Of these, perforations of the tympanic membrane, chronic otitis media, tympanosclerosis and cholesteatoma are encountered most often in clinical practice. Modern techniques for reconstruction of the ossicular chain aim for best possible hearing improvement using delicate alloplastic titanium prostheses, but a number of prosthesis-unrelated factors work against this intent. Surgery is always individualized to the case and there is no one-fits-all strategy. Above all, both middle ear diseases and surgery can be associated with a number of complications; the most important ones being hearing deterioration or deafness, dizziness, facial palsy and life-threatening intracranial complications. To minimize risks, a solid knowledge of and respect for neurootologic structures is essential for an otosurgeon who must train him- or herself intensively on temporal bones before performing surgery on a patient.

DISCRIMINATION BY QUANTITATIVE TRAITS OF DWARFING ANALOGUES OF BREAD WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE DEGREE OF RECOVERY OF THE RECURRENT CULTIVAR GENETIC BACKGROUND

In order to use certain Rht-genes in wheat selection detailed study of their pleiotropic effects on established complexes of agronomic traits in different conditions of the environment is required. Nearly isogenic lines can serve as one of the best objects for such research. In order to create isogenic lines crossing of dwarfing analogues with respective recurrent varieties was performed and homozygotisation of genotypes was carried out.The aim of the work was to estimate by complex of quantitative traits the degree of recovery of the genetic background of recurrent forms in dwarfing analogues of tall wheat varieties, which have different alleles of dwarfism genes Rht8, Rht-B1, Rht-D1 and gene of sensitivity of photoperiod Ppd-D1 depending on combination of crossing and the number of saturations, to determine descriptiveness of separate traits of the said complex for discrimination of lines and expediency of further becrossing.As the research methods structural analysis of agronomic traits of wheat was performed and procedure of the linear discriminant analysis was applied.Differences between donors of Rht-genes, recurrent and becrossed forms of different degree of saturation (ВС6-8) of dwarfing analogues of three varieties of bread wheat (Kooperatorka, Odeska 51, Stepniak) were evaluated by complex of quantitative agronomic traits. Possibility of differentiation of analogues with high degree of the genetic background recovery of recurrent variety and determination of pleiotropic effects of genes by means of the discriminant analysis are discussed. Characteristics of main ear (length, quantity of spikelets and grains, grain weight, spikelet grain content) turned out to be the most informative for discrimination of lines. The set of traits which forms discriminant function, as well as the ratio of their descriptiveness and contributions to discrimination of lines depended on the year conditions and recurrent form genotype.

Rotational chair testing in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the rotational chair (RC) sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) test and the rotational velocity step (RVS) test in patients with unilateral peripheral vestibular disorders. This study was retrospective in nature. It was conducted in a clinical tertiary care vestibular function test center. A total of 119 patients (63 men and 56 women) with documented unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions were evaluated with bithermal binaural caloric and sinusoidal and step velocity RC tests. Clinical, caloric, and RC tests were carried out. The study group was selected by including patients with a clinical diagnosis suggestive of peripheral vestibular lesions and with documented unilateral caloric weakness matching the clinical diagnosis, and by excluding patients with a clinical diagnosis suggestive of a peripheral vestibular lesion but not documented by unilateral caloric weakness, as well as patients with incomplete tests or uninterpretable data (due to poor recordings or eye movement artifacts). Caloric testing was performed using an infrared video-oculographic system and a Brookler-Grams closed-loop irrigation unit with standard bithermal irrigations of 30 and 44°C for 45 s each in the following order: L30°C, R30°C, R44°C, and L44°C. The RC testing paradigms used in this study were the rotational SHA test and the RVS test. When patients were classified on the basis of etiology, the most common cause of dizziness in the study group was found to be Mιniθre’s disease (34.9%), followed by vestibular neuritis (31.1%). Seventy-two patients in the study group demonstrated right caloric weakness and 47 patients demonstrated left caloric weakness, whereas only 18 of 119 patients demonstrated directional preponderance. When the RC SHA test parameters (gain, phase, and symmetry) in the study group were compared with the manufacturer’s normal values, statistically significant difference was seen in vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain at low frequencies (0.01-0.08 Hz), in VOR phase at all frequencies, and in VOR symmetry at low frequencies (0.01-0.04 Hz). In summary, despite the encouraging results of the discriminating power of caloric testing, it should be emphasized that RC testing has its own unique capabilities, such as the following: (i) it is a physiologic stimulus whose frequency and amplitude can be varied precisely; (ii) the stimulus is unrelated to physical features of the external ear or temporal bone; (iii) it is useful in children who may not tolerate caloric testing; and (iv) it is very useful in assessing patients receiving vestibulotoxic drugs. Multiple stimuli of varying intensities can be applied to the vestibular system within a relatively short period of time.

Response of wheat ear photosynthesis and photosynthate carbon distribution to water deficit

Understanding distribution and transport of carbon assimilates and photosynthesis contribution to grain yield in wheat spike is important in assessing the photosynthetic process under stress conditions. In this study, photosynthetic characteristics were evaluated in a pot experiment. Transport of spike photosynthates to grain was demonstrated using 14C isotope tracer technique. Yield and key enzyme activities of C3 and C4 pathways were examined after anthesis in wheat cultivars of different drought resistance. The ear net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content of the spike bracts (glume, lemma, and palea), and relative water content slightly decreased under water deficit in drought resistant variety Pubing 143 (Pub) during the grain filling stage, whereas all parameters decreased significantly in drought sensitive variety Zhengyin 1 (Zhe). Grain 14C-photosynthate distribution rate fell by 3.8% in Pub and increased by 3.9% in Zhe. After harvest, the water-use efficiency of Zhe dropped by 18.7% under water deficit. Rubisco activity in ear organs declined significantly under water deficit, whereas activity of C4 pathway enzymes was significantly enhanced, especially that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and NADP-malate dehydrogenase. Water deficit exerted lesser influence on spike photosynthesis in Pub. Ear organs exhibited delayed senescence. Accumulation of photosynthetic carbon assimilates in ear bracts occurred mainly during the early grain filling and photosynthates were transported in the middle of grain filling. C4 pathway enzymes seem to play an important function in ear photosynthesis. We speculate that the high enzyme activity of the C4 pathway and the increased capacity of photosynthetic carbon assimilate transport were the reasons for the drought tolerance characteristics of ears.

EFFECT OF MINERAL FERTILIZER INTEGRATION WITH ORGANIC MANURE ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF MAIZE (Zea mays l.)

Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrients on growth, yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.) c.v. single hybrid 30K8. Maize plants were grown in a sandy loam soil of El-kasasin (30o 33׳ 31״ N- 30° 56׳ 7״ E, elev. 15.8 m), region, IsmailiaGovernorate, Egypt during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design in three replicates contained the following treatments: (T1) recommended NPK (Control), (T2) Compost(10 m3 /Fed.), (T3) Compost +PK, (T4) Compost +N, (T5) Compost +NP, (T6) Compost +NPK, (T7) Compost +NPK +Mg and (T8) Compost +NK. The results indicated that the recommended dose of NPK+ Mg + compost (T7) significantly increased all the studied parameters. The application of compost +NPK +Mg (T7) gave the highest grain yield (3745 Kg/fed) which was13.66 % higher than the control (3295Kg/fed) and 25% more than the sole compost (2996 Kg/fed). Different treatments of compost in combination with inorganic fertilizers resulted in high significantly increases of growth and yield of maize, i. e., plant height, ear characters (length, diameter and weight) as well as grain yield/fed., enhanced nutrition and quality of grain compared to control and compost alone. The application of inorganic fertilizer combined with compost showed higher concentration of N, P and K in grains as compared to compost alone. Total soluble sugars, starch and total carbohydrate contents of grains varied within the ranges of 1.75-2.55%, 61.5-72.2% and 63.25-74.55%, respectively. In general, compost as a manure in combination with inorganic fertilizers has been suggested to obtain better growth, yield and quality parameters (protein and oil yield, total carbohydrate, total soluble sugars (TSS) and starch) of maize under conditions of sandy loam soils.

Effects of deficit irrigation on grain yield and ear characteristics of maize

In the Vojvodina region, drought is an important factor limiting grain yield in maize. The aims of this research were to compare irrigation scheduling in maize (cv. ZP SC 684), and to evaluate grain yield and ear characteristics. A 3-year field experiment was carried out in the Vojvodina region, a northern part of the Republic of Serbia (384 mm of rainfall in the maize-growing period). Maize was subjected to four irrigation levels (rainfed - I0 and supply at 80-85% - I1, 70-75% - I2 and 60-65% - I3 of field capacity). The results indicated a large yearly variability, mainly due to a rainfall event at the flowering, fertilization and grain filling stages. A significant irrigation effect was observed for all the variables under study, with significant differences between the three irrigation treatments. The grain yield ranged between 8.73 and 16.33 t ha-1. The highest grain yield of maize (average of 15.08 t ha-1) was in the I1 treatment, while the non-irrigated (I0) treatment had the lowest yield (average of 10.20 t ha-1), a 35% grain yield reduction. With the decrease of irrigation water, the grain yield of maize decreased. The most distinctive impact the irrigation had on maize yield was during the warm and very dry growth period of the year of 2008. Maize in the Vojvodina region can be cultivated with acceptable yields while saving irrigation water and maximizing resource-use efficiency.

External ear anthroposcopy in female students of the University of Szczecin

Background: Personal identification based on anthroposcopic characteristics, including the features of the external ear, has recently become highly desirable. This growing interest results from increasin public safety requirements, as well as the ever more numerous practical applications of somatometry and somatoscopy. Especially when there is no biological material necessary for DNA testing, and where instead there are photographs or surveillance footage, being able to identify a person based on anthroposcopic features is an attractive alternative.Aim:The aim of this paper is to investigate the structural diversity of the external ear among the female students of the University of Szczecin and to demonstrate the viability of external ear biometrics in personal identification.Materials and methods: a group of young women n = 65, students of the University of Szczecin, aged 21–29 years (x= 23.7). Structural differences were assessed based on photographs of the left and right ear. Individual characteristics describing the ear were classified according to the adopted criteria. The prevalence of each external ear feature included in the somatoscopic assessment was described as a percentage. Results: The majority of students included in the study had a moderately or prominently curled helix and a long crus of helix. The antihelix with its superior crus were often found to be prominent, as was the antitragus. The tragus was predominantly single and the intertragic notch – moderate. The lobe surface was observed to be rather underdeveloped; attached lobes were found in half of the participants, whereas the remainder had detached lobes.Conclusion:Ear somatoscopy may be an auxiliary method in personal identiication when video recordings or photographs are available.

A new strategy for development of transducers for middle ear implants

Conclusion: The new strategy was efficient in designing and fabricating a new transducer for middle ear implants. The transducer could overcome important limitations (implantability of transducers, functional needs) of practical application of currently existing implants. The strategy uncovers the potential of translational research in this area of audiology. Objectives: To present an overview of research and development (R&D) strategic aspects and its practical implementation through one example of transducer development based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Methods: (a) Rationale of technology in relation to the anatomical and functional features of the middle ear and implant requirements, (b) description and explanation of the different stages and decision-making process for the R&D of a MEMS transducer based on published pieces with their own experimental methods. Results: This R&D strategy focuses on achieving minute-size transducers by using MEMS technology. The process allows a designing-simulation-testing circle to be accomplished on the bench by special software, before fabrication and in vivo testing. The strategy, consequently, saves animal experiments, empowers the design capabilities and allows the fabrication of customized transducers for special problems. The developed prototypes are in the range of millimetres, fit the requirements of new implants and can be fabricated on a large scale and at low cost.

An adaptive bimodal recognition framework using sparse coding for face and ear

In this paper, we propose an adaptive face and ear based bimodal recognition framework using sparse coding, namely ABSRC, which can effectively reduce the adverse effect of degraded modality. A unified and reliable biometric quality measure based on sparse coding is presented for both face and ear, which relies on the collaborative representation by all classes. For adaptive feature fusion, a flexible piecewise function is carefully designed to select feature weights based on their qualities. ABSRC utilizes a two-phase sparse coding strategy. At first, face and ear features are separately coded on their associated dictionaries for individual quality assessments. Secondly, the weighted features are concatenated to form a unique feature vector, which is then coded and classified in multimodal feature space. Experiments demonstrate that ABSRC achieves quite encouraging robustness against image degeneration, and outperforms many up-to-date methods. Very impressively, even when query sample of one modality is extremely degraded by random pixel corruption, illumination variation, etc., ABSRC can still get performance comparable to the unimodal recognition based on the other modality.

Research on Text-Related Speaker Recognition Based on First Order Differential

LPCC and MFCC are methods of extracting voice characteristic, and they are based on pronunciation models and human auditory characteristics. In this paper, both of the two characteristics are used, LPCC and the First Order Differential are used to describe the dynamic changes of speaker channels; MFCC and the First Order Differential are used to describe the audible frequency characteristics of human ears, and the characteristics of input voice are extracted by using Speech Processing Toolbox in MATLAB, and VQ and HMM are combined to applying to speaker recognition, and the experiment result showed that the performance of the speak recognition is obviously improved.

A Robust Multimodal Biometric System for Person Identification

A more secured multimodal biometric Identification system can be developed using multiple biometric traits. We have used fingerprint and ear as biometric traits to provide a robust Identification System with reduced computational complexity and increased recognition rate. Here in this paper we have proposed and implemented a new enhanced edge intersection point detection method which is used to extract the required ear features .The fingerprint features are extracted using Gabor feature extraction. Extracted features are then fused by concatenation and stored in the database. For recognition, the fused test feature vectors are compared with stored data in the database using Euclidean distance. By this new enhanced method of feature extraction we were able to achieve a matching rate of 100% .Cumulative Match Characteristic (CMC) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) were plotted and it was observed that this enhanced method provides good results compared to other methods. We have also tested the classification of matching rate using confusion matrix which shows that our method produces perfect classification.

Epidemiologic profile of an otolaryngologic emergency service.

Introduction According to current research, the number of patients seen in the emergency room is progressively increasing. There are few studies on the characteristics of ear, nose, and throat diseases treated in the emergency room. Objectives (1) To establish the epidemiologic profile of patients with these complaints treated at a referral emergency hospital in locoregional city Curitiba, and (2) to evaluate the calls that truly required emergency care. Methods This is a contemporary cross-study of urgent and emergency referrals to a hospital with otolaryngologic services during the year 2012. Data were collected and epidemiologic characteristics analyzed. Results We analyzed 1,067 patients: 312 presented in spring, 255 in summer, 253 in autumn, and 247 in winter. We found 17 diseases that were common during the year, with 244 (23.99%) upper respiratory tract infections being the most frequent disease. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of diseases, except that acute otitis media was most common during the summer (p = 0.02); distribution between the sexes was balanced. The predominant age group was adults. We found 9.27% cases were true emergencies. Conclusion Patients were 20 to 40 years, with upper respiratory tract infection the most incident disease; 9.27% of cases were emergencies.

Influence of Irrigation with Wastewater of Leaven Factory on Grain and Ear characteristics of Corn

In recent years, water deficit and environmental hazards of wastewater have promoted the development of wastewater reuse in irrigation of agricultural lands in many arid and semi-arid regions. An experiment was conducted out at the experimental farm of a leaven factory, where the effect of treated wastewater on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays) was studied during the growing season of 2012. Three, irrigation levels (I1: irrigation with wastewater once in whole experimental period, I2: irrigation with wastewater twice in whole experimental period and I3: irrigation with wastewater in whole experimental period) and six wastewater percentage levels (C1: 15% wastewater, C2: 30% wastewater, C3: 45% wastewater, C4: 60% wastewater, A: pure water and P: pure wastewater) were studied in a randomized complete block factorial design with three replications. Results illustrated that number of irrigation with wastewater did not have significant effect on grain characteristics, row per ear and ear length while it had significant effect on ear diameter, cob weight, total weight of grain and cob. Also results showed that wastewater percentage did not have significant effect on mentioned traits. The maximum increase of total weight of cob and grain was observed in irrigation with wastewater whole over growth season. Results also illustrated that irrigation with wastewater whole over the growth season had the most significant effect on ear diagonal and harvest index. * Corresponding Author: Ata Bahojb-Almasi  Ataalmasi@yahoo.com

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration and irrigation on photosynthetic parameters and yield of maize in Northeast China.

Maize is one of the major cultivated crops of China, having a central role in ensuring the food security of the country. There has been a significant increase in studies of maize under interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and other factors, yet the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and increasing precipitation on maize has remained unclear. In this study, a manipulative experiment in Jinzhou, Liaoning province, Northeast China was performed so as to obtain reliable results concerning the later effects. The Open Top Chambers (OTCs) experiment was designed to control contrasting [CO2] i.e., 390, 450 and 550 µmol·mol−1, and the experiment with 15% increasing precipitation levels was also set based on the average monthly precipitation of 5–9 month from 1981 to 2010 and controlled by irrigation. Thus, six treatments, i.e. C550W+15%, C550W0, C450W+15%, C450W0, C390W+15% and C390W0 were included in this study. The results showed that the irrigation under elevated [CO2] levels increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate (P n) and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) of maize. Similarly, the stomatal conductance (G s) and transpiration rate (T r) decreased with elevated [CO2], but irrigation have a positive effect on increased of them at each [CO2] level, resulting in the water use efficiency (WUE) higher in natural precipitation treatment than irrigation treatment at elevated [CO2] levels. Irradiance-response parameters, e.g., maximum net photosynthetic rate (P nmax) and light saturation points (LSP) were increased under elevated [CO2] and irrigation, and dark respiration (R d) was increased as well. The growth characteristics, e.g., plant height, leaf area and aboveground biomass were enhanced, resulting in an improved of yield and ear characteristics except axle diameter. The study concluded by reporting that, future elevated [CO2] may favor to maize when coupled with increasing amount of precipitation in Northeast China.

Electromagnetic actuator for round window vibration to compensate for vibrant characteristics of ossicular chain

Round window (RW) vibration is a new technology to help people with hearing loss. Many RW approaches have been reported because the technology provides benefits. The main reason is that the new method can be implanted in patients who cannot use general middle ear hearing aids. Such patients, who lack a part of the ossicles, cannot preserve normal auditory response because the auditory path of RW vibration does not include the middle ear. Therefore, an electromagnetic RW actuator is implemented that compensates for the loss of middle ear's property. It has a vibrant frequency corresponding to normal characteristics of the human middle ear. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Effects of waterlogging on the yield and growth of summer maize under field conditions

Ren, B., Zhang, J., Li, X., Fan, X., Dong, S., Liu, P. and Zhao, B. 2014. Effects of waterlogging on the yield and growth of summer maize under field conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 23–31. A field experiment was performed to study the effects of waterlogging for different durations (3 and 6 d) on the yield and growth of summer maize at the three-leaf stage (V3), six-leaf stage (V6), and the 10th day after the tasseling stage (10VT). The results after 2 yr indicated that maize development and grain yield responses to waterlogging depended on both stress severity (intensity and duration) and different growth stage. Yield decreased significantly with an increased waterlogging duration during V3 and V6. The yields of maize hybrid Denghai 605 (DH605) in treatments V3-3, V3-6, V6-3, V6-6, 10VT-3, and 10VT-6 were 23, 32, 20, 24, 8, and 18% lower than those of the control (CK), respectively; Yields of Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) were lower by 21, 35, 15, 33, 7, and 12%, respectively. Waterlogging also affected the growth and development of summer maize. Ear characteristics (grains per ear and 1000-grain weight) and plant morphology (plant height, ear height, and leaf area index) decreased, whereas the bald tip length increased significantly. The maximum grain-filling rate decreased under waterlogging; furthermore, the dry matter accumulation decreased and dry matter distribution proportions of the stem and leaf increased. However, the distribution proportion of grain decreased. Maize was most susceptible to waterlogging damage at V3, followed by V6 and 10VT, with damage increasing with increasing waterlogging duration.