Values Of E0 Research Articles

Understanding the relationship between electric dipole polarizability and photonuclear (-2) moment in odd-A actinide nuclei

The nuclear electric dipole (E1) polarizability (α E1) is mainly dominated by the dynamics of the giant dipole resonance (GDR). α E1 is proportional to the (-2) moment of the total photo nuclear cross-section (σ −2). This research investigates the relationship between α E1 and σ −2, along with the effects of the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) and GDR in odd-mass actinide nuclei. For the first time, α E1 and σ −2 values have been calculated using the Translational and Galilean Invariant Quasiparticle Phonon Nuclear Model (TGI-QPNM) approach for odd-A actinide nuclei. According to TGI-QPNM results, E1 dipole transitions in the GDR region significantly contribute to σ −2 due to the energy weighting factor. Below the neutron separation threshold, the PDR in neutron-rich nuclei shows a contribution of about 5% to σ −2 values. In this region, E1 polarizability can reach values of 20%–25%. The α E1 values indicate the presence of PDR in these nuclei. Additionally, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), a new machine learning method, has been performed to analyze the relationship between α E1 and σ −2. The ANFIS results have been compared with those from the TGI-QPNM and experimental data. The TGI-QPNM model achieves an R2 of 0.85–0.95, while the ANFIS model achieves an R2 of 0.99. Moreover, the study suggests that the ANFIS model, consistent with TGI-QPNM results, could be an effective tool for estimating σ −2 in odd-A actinide nuclei.

Evaluation of estriol levels in women with preeclampsia in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria

Preeclampsia is a life-threatening pregnancy-induced disorder characterized by the presence of hypertension and proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive and aproteinuric woman. This study is aimed at investigating the maternal serum levels of estriol in pregnant women with preeclampsia. This is an analytical cross-sectional study including a total of 90 pregnant women aged 18-41years at 26-40 weeks of gestation, according to the last date of menstruation and ultrasonographic measurements. Forty five of these were preeclamptic while the other forty five were apparently healthy individuals. Preeclampsia was determined by proteinuria ≥30mg/dl or ≥1+ using a urine dipstick and sphygmomanometer blood pressure reading of ≥ 140/90 mmHg using ausculatory method. BMI was calculated from weight and height measurements of each participant. Estriol (E3) levels were determined utilizing the double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. Hypothesis testing was done using the student’s t-test for continuous variables, Chi-square test for categorical variables and Pearson’s correlation for the tests of association. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. The mean serum values of E3 were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia (124.18±22.40) compared with the apparently healthy control counterparts (141.41±20.68, p<0.001). A moderate negative correlation was observed between maternal serum estriol level and BMI in the preeclamptic group (r = -0.589; p<0.001). There existed a strong negative correlation between maternal serum estriol level and systolic (r = -0.738; p<0.001) as well as diastolic (r = -0.711; p<0.001) blood pressures in women with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is associated with lower maternal serum levels of estriol which may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disorder.

Does Serum Estradiol Prior to Progesterone Administration in Programmed Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycle Impacts Live Birth Rate: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: There is a paucity of data on the optimal threshold of oestradiol (E2) levels required for successful implantation as this is a valid question to be answered, considering that significant number of in vitro fertilisation cycles are deferred for FET cycles. Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the serum E2 levels before starting exogenous progesterone in artificial autologous frozen thawed embryo transfers on pregnancy outcomes. Settings and Design: This was a cohort study wherein clinical data of 213 artificial autologous programmed hormone-regulated frozen embryo transfer (HR-FET) cycles were collected. Materials and Methods: The HR-FET cycles were divided into three groups based on the E2 levels before starting progesterone: Group A: E2 ≤300 pg/mL, Group B: E2 301–500 pg/mL and Group C: E2 >500 pg/mL. After adequate endometrial stripe was appreciated by transvaginal ultrasonography, single blastocyst transfer was performed in all the cycles. Statistical Analysis Used and Results: The clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) in Groups A, B and C were 41.8%, 73.5% and 0.95%, respectively (P = 0.0001). The live birth rate (LBR) in Groups A, B and C was 18.1%, 62.2% and 0%, respectively (P = 0.0001). The miscarriage rate (MR) was significantly lower (15.3%) when E2 was between 301 and 500 pg/mL (P = 0.001). At both the extremes of serum E2 values, the rate of miscarriage increased. If serum E2 levels were ≤300 pg/mL or >500 pg/mL, the rate of miscarriage was 56.5% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Serum E2 levels in the range of 301–500 pg/mL before starting progesterone in programmed FET cycle are associated with an improved CPR and LBR and also decreased MR as compared to the extreme values of E2 ≤300 pg/mL or >500 pg/mL.

Combined analysis of estradiol and β-hCG to predict the early pregnancy outcome of FET: a retrospective study

BackgroundThe accurate prediction of pregnancy outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles is crucial. While several studies have been conducted on the predictive power of serum estradiol (E2) and β-hCG concentrations post-embryo transfer (ET) for pregnancy outcomes, there is debate on the predictive value of E2. The objective of this study was to investigate the predictive efficacy of combining serum E2 and β-hCG levels on early reproductive outcomes 12 days after embryo transfer.MethodsA total of 1521 patients with β-hCG positive values on day 12 following frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) with natural endometrial preparation cycles (NCs) were gathered in affiliated Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University. Using logistic regression, the relationship between pregnancy outcome and early serum E2 and β-hCG concentrations was examined. The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the predictive accuracy of the serum E2 and β-hCG concentrations.ResultsNotable distinctions were observed in the serum E2 and β-hCG levels on the twelfth day following FET with NCs between the groups classified as clinical pregnancy group (CP Group) and biochemical pregnancy group (BP Group). In addition, the cutoff values for E2 and β-hCG on day 12 following FET with NCs in cleavage embryo group (CE Group) were 129.25 pg/mL and 156.60 mIU/mL, respectively. The threshold values for E2 and β-hCG for the blastocyst group (B Group) were 174.45 pg/mL and 217.70 mIU/mL. Serum E2 day12 and β-hCG day12 were found to be substantially linked with clinical pregnancy by logistic regression analysis.ConclusionsSerum E2 and β-hCG concentrations were found to be significantly different between the CP Group and BP Group in infertility women underwent FET with NCs. Our retrospective cohort study’s findings suggest that the combination of early E2 and β-hCG levels on day 12 post-FET could be used as a predictive tool to evaluate the likelihood of both positive and negative pregnancy outcomes in FET with NCs.

Endometrial Elasticity is an Ultrasound Marker for Predicting Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes after Embryo Transfer.

Endometrial elasticity is a potential new marker for assessing endometrial receptivity and pregnancy outcomes based on endometrial thickness and type. Currently, little research has been conducted on the elasticity of the endometrium using shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI). This study aimed to explore whether endometrial elasticity is an ultrasound marker for predicting clinical pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer. A total of 245 infertile women underwent ultrasonography before embryo transfer at the Peking University Third Hospital. We compared the endometrial elasticity and sub-endometrial blood flow rate using SWEI in the groups with different pregnancy outcomes. Trends in clinical pregnancy outcomes across the quartiles of endometrial elasticity in the fundus of the uterus (E1) were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios for clinical pregnancy outcomes based on the quartiles of E1, with or without adjusting for potential confounding variables. Women in the clinical pregnancy group had higher E1 values and sub-endometrial blood flow rates in the uterine fundus than those in the non-pregnancy group. Women in the highest quartile of E1 had the most favorable clinical pregnancy rates. Endometrial elasticity measured using SWEI is a promising ultrasound marker for predicting clinical pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer.

Low concentrations of soybean lecithin nanoparticles had a positive impact on Holstein bulls' cryopreserved semen.

Spermatozoa can experience negative changes when subjected to freezing and thawing, including lowered motility, viability and acrosome response. Herein, the effects of different concentrations of soybean lecithin nanoparticles on cryopreserved Holstein bull semen were examined. Semen was collected, cryopreserved and utilized for sperm kinetic parameter analysis following dilution, equilibration and thawing with 0.5% soybean lecithin (E1), the control extender, and 0.75% (E2), 0.5% (E3), 0.25% (E4) and 0.125% (E5) of lecithin nanoparticles. Results revealed that following dilution, the progressive motility (PM) at E3, E4 and E5 of lecithin nanoparticles was higher (p < .05) than it was for E2. After equilibration, compared to the E1, E2, and E3 values, the PM, vitality, normal morphology, membrane integrity and intact acrosome values at the E5 were consistently greater (p < .05). Comparing the percentages of intact acrosome and membrane integrity at E2 and E3 to E4 and E5, a substantial decrease (p < .05) was seen. Following thawing, the percentage of PM improved at E2 and E5, even though their mean PM values were similar (p > .05) compared to E1, E3 and E4. Vigour and progression parameters of sperm (DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL and STR) at E5 were higher (p < .05) than those at E1, E2, E3 and E4. In conclusion, the cryopreserved sperm from Holstein bulls revealed outstanding properties both after equilibration and after thawing with 0.125% lecithin nanoparticles, and they were sensitive to high dosages.

Creating machine learning models that interpretably link systemic inflammatory index, sex steroid hormones, and dietary antioxidants to identify gout using the SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) method.

The relationship between systemic inflammatory index (SII), sex steroid hormones, dietary antioxidants (DA), and gout has not been determined. We aim to develop a reliable and interpretable machine learning (ML) model that links SII, sex steroid hormones, and DA to gout identification. The dataset we used to study the relationship between SII, sex steroid hormones, DA, and gout was from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Six ML models were developed to identify gout by SII, sex steroid hormones, and DA. The seven performance discriminative features of each model were summarized, and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model with the best overall performance was selected to identify gout. We used the SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method to explain the XGBoost model and its decision-making process. An initial survey of 20,146 participants resulted in 8,550 being included in the study. Selecting the best performing XGBoost model associated with SII, sex steroid hormones, and DA to identify gout (male: AUC: 0.795, 95% CI: 0.746- 0.843, accuracy: 98.7%; female: AUC: 0.822, 95% CI: 0.754- 0.883, accuracy: 99.2%). In the male group, The SHAP values showed that the lower feature values of lutein + zeaxanthin (LZ), vitamin C (VitC), lycopene, zinc, total testosterone (TT), vitamin E (VitE), and vitamin A (VitA), the greater the positive effect on the model output. In the female group, SHAP values showed that lower feature values of E2, zinc, lycopene, LZ, TT, and selenium had a greater positive effect on model output. The interpretable XGBoost model demonstrated accuracy, efficiency, and robustness in identifying associations between SII, sex steroid hormones, DA, and gout in participants. Decreased TT in males and decreased E2 in females may be associated with gout, and increased DA intake and decreased SII may reduce the potential risk of gout.

Growth of Spontaneous Nucleation AlN Crystals by Al-Base Alloy Evaporation in Nitrogen Atmosphere

Aluminum nitride (AlN) crystals with areas ranging from 1 mm2 to 2 mm2 were successfully grown through spontaneous nucleation at 1700 °C using a modified vapor transport method. In this approach, Cu–Al alloy served as the source of aluminum (Al), and nitrogen (N2) was employed as the nitrogen source. The morphology and crystalline quality of the AlN crystals were characterized by a stereo microscope, Raman spectrometer, photoluminescence (PL) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Deposited on the graphite lid, the as-grown AlN crystals exhibited both rectangular and hexagonal shapes, identified as m-plane and c-plane AlN, respectively, based on Raman spectroscopy. The full width half maximum (FWHM) values of E2 (high) for the rectangular and hexagonal grains were measured to be 6.00 cm−1 and 6.06 cm−1, respectively, indicating high crystalline quality. However, PL and SIMS analysis indicated the presence of impurities associated with oxygen in the crystals. This paper elucidates the growth mechanism of the modified vapor transport method and highlights the role of the Cu–Al alloy in sustaining reactions at lower temperatures. The addition of copper (Cu) not only facilitates sustainable reactions, but also provides a novel perspective for the growth of AlN single crystals.

Разработка нового метода измерения напряженности электрического поля на основе сдвоенного электроиндукционного датчика

A new method for measuring electric field strength is proposed. The method is based on the mean value measurement method, which uses a dual electroinduction spherical sensor. The use of the dual sensor for the method implementation allows to extend the functionality of the method by mean value. The method of measurement by the mean value assumes simultaneous measurement of two values of intensity E1 and E2 in one point of electric field with opposite sign errors. As the theory of construction of the new method has shown, it is possible to determine not only the measurement result as an average of two values of the strengths, but also to estimate the error of the measurement result and tentatively determine the distance to the field source. In order to determine the distance to the field source, a coefficient of the ratio of the two found strengths at each point of the field is introduced, by which the empirical dependence of the relative distance to the field source is found. The relative distance is the ratio between the radius of the spherical sensor and the distance to the field source. By determining the relative distance at each measuring point according to this relationship and substituting it into the known expression for the error, the error of the result at the measuring point is determined. The relative distance is also used to determine the distance to the field source. Thus, the new method of measurement allows to increase the accuracy of measurement of electric field strength, determined by the relative distance to the source of the field.

Theoretical calculation of “tune-out” wavelengths for clock states of Al&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;

In quantum optical experiments, the polarizabilities of atomic systems play a very important role, which can be used to describe the interactions of atomic systems with external electromagnetic fields. When subjected to a specific electric field such as a laser field with a particular frequency, the frequency-dependent electric-dipole (E1) dynamic polarizability of an atomic state can reach zero. The wavelength corresponding to such a frequency is referred to as the “turn-out” wavelength. In this work, the “turn-out” wavelengths for the 3s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; and 3s3p &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; clock states of Al&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; are calculated by using the configuration interaction plus many-body perturbation theory (CI+MBPT) method. The values of energy and E1 reduced matrix elements of low-lying states of Al&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; are calculated. By combining these E1 reduced matrix elements with the experimental energy values, the E1 dynamic polarizabilities of the 3s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; and 3s3p &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; clock states are determined in the angular frequency range of (0, 0.42 a.u.). The “turn-out” wavelengths are found at the zero-crossing points of the frequency-dependent dynamic polarizability curves for both the 3s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; and 3s3p &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; states. For the ground state 3s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;S&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;, a single “turn-out” wavelength at 266.994(1) nm is observed. On the other hand, the excited state 3s3p &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt; exhibits four distinct “turn-out” wavelengths, namely 184.56(1) nm, 174.433(1) nm, 121.52(2) nm, and 119.71(2) nm. The contributions of individual resonant transitions to the dynamic polarizabilities at the “turn-out” wavelengths are examined. It is observed that the resonant lines situated near a certain “turn-out” wavelength can provide dominant contributions to the polarizability, while the remaining resonant lines generally contribute minimally. When analyzing these data, we recommend accurately measuring these “turn-out” wavelengths to accurately determine the oscillator strengths or reduced matrix elements of the relevant transitions. This is crucial for minimizing the uncertainty of the blackbody radiation (BBR) frequency shift in Al&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; optical clock and suppressing the systematic uncertainty. Meanwhile, precisely measuring these “turn-out” wavelengths is also helpful for further exploring the atomic structure of Al&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;.

Sharp Lower Bound of Cacti Graph with respect to Zagreb Eccentricity Indices

The first Zagreb eccentricity index E1(℧) is the sum of square of eccentricities of the vertices, and the second Zagreb eccentricity index E2(℧) is the sum of product squares of the eccentricities of the vertices. A linked graph G is called a cactus if any two of its cycles share only one vertex. In other words, there are no two independent cycles that share an edge. Cactus graphs are also known as “block graphs” or “sensitized graphs.” They are closely related to chordal graphs and can be used to represent various types of networks, including communication networks and road networks. In this contribution, E1(℧) and E2(℧) values of cacti with k pendant vertices and k cycles, respectively, are considered. We determine the minimum E1, E2 indices for n order cacti with k pendant vertices and k cycles.

Effects of general relativity on habitable zone particles under the presence of an inner perturber around solar-mass stars

ABSTRACT We analyse the role of the general relativity (GR) on the nodal librations of test particles located at the Habitable Zone (HZ) around a solar-mass star, which evolve under the influence of an eccentric planetary-mass perturber with a semimajor axis of 0.1 au. Based on a secular Hamiltonian up to quadrupole level, we derive analytical criteria that define the nodal libration region of an HZ particle as a function of its eccentricity e2 and inclination i2, and the mass m1 and the eccentricity e1 of the perturber. We show that an HZ particle can experience nodal librations with orbital flips or purely retrograde orbits for any m1 and e1 by adopting a suitable combination of e2 and i2. For m1 &amp;lt; 0.84 MJup, the greater the m1 value, the smaller the e2 value above which nodal librations are possible for a given e1. For m1 &amp;gt; 0.84 MJup, an HZ test particle can undergo nodal librations for any e2 and appropriate values of e1 and i2. The same correlation between m1 and e2 is obtained for nodal librations with orbital flips, but a mass limit for m1 of 1.68 MJup is required in this case. Moreover, the more massive the inner perturber, the greater the nodal libration region associated with orbital flips in the (e1, i2) plane for a given value of e2. Finally, we find good agreements between the analytical criteria and results from N-body simulations for values of m1 ranging from Saturn-like planets to super-Jupiters.

The Relationship between Reading Attitude and Student Grade Point Average

Reading is crucial for individuals to achieve optimal functioning, as it facilitates the development of cognitive processes such as critical thinking and decision-making, which foster the ability to conceptualize and solve problems. This research study is significant to conduct because there is a dier need for a scholarly inquiry more focused on establishing the relationship between students’ attitudes toward reading and their academic performance while considering the influence of study skills across all levels of education. The main aim of the study was to examin the relation between the reading attitudes of students and their academic acheivment by gainning higher grades in the class. Thus, the main research question the study was; What is the relationship between reading attitude and students’ grade point average? The main research tool used in thse study was quantitative research method. The study was conducted in King Saud University for Health and Sciences (KSUHS) in Riyadh Saudi Arabia. Random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Sample size of the study was 146 students enrolled in first-year at KSUHS. The Pearson correlation value of E1, E2, E3, G1, E10, E13, E16, E21, G25, E1, E2, E22, E12, E7, E8, E14 lie between +1 and -1 which showed that variables have a significant relationship with each other. The hypothesis test values were (t=4.797, p&lt;.01) which supported the hypothesis that a positive reading attitude contributes to higher grade point averages in the classroom due to which H1 was accepted. Correlation among the variables showed that grade point average is significantly correlated with Reading attitudes toward the English language.

The environmental occurrence, fate, and risks of 25 endocrine disruptors in Slovenian waters

Natural hormones, synthetic steroids and bisphenols are among the most active endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the aquatic environment, with great potential for causing adverse effects in aquatic organisms and humans. In this study, a focused group of 25 potent estrogenic and other ED compounds were simultaneously measured in wastewaters (WWs) and receiving surface waters (SWs) before and after wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where their removal efficiency was also estimated. Up to 16 of 25 EDs were successfully quantified in SWs and WWs, with bisphenols BPS, BPA, and BPF together with estriol and chlormadinone being the most prevalent with the highest measured concentrations of up to 35 μg/L in WWs and 400 ng/L in SWs. High load and insufficient removal of these substances by WWTPs lead to a significant increase in their concentrations in the receiving SWs downstream, while other sources could be responsible for an important portion of river contamination with EDs. Removal efficiency was very good for most EDs, although only from 0 to 44 % for E2, which shows a need for the improvement of current removal techniques. E2 and EE2 contribute the most to the alarmingly high risks of the total ED estrogenic potential, with the value increased by 36 % in SWs downstream from WWTPs, and the RQ value for the total estrogenic potential in individual SW samples being three orders of magnitude higher than that representing high risk. An additional comprehensive multi-parameter risk assessment determined high risk quotient and priority index values for BPA, E2, BPS and E1 with values of up to 450 in SWs. Our results show a focused insight into the risks associated with an important group of EDs and the role of WWTPs, while further highlighting the importance of regular monitoring of the environmental occurrence and risks of a focused range of EDs.

Design, Synthesis, and Insecticidal Activity of Mesoionic Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone Containing Isoxazole/Isoxazoline Moiety as a Potential Insecticide.

Bean aphid (Aphis craccivora) resistance to commonly used insecticides has made controlling these pests increasingly difficult. In this study, we introduced isoxazole and isoxazoline, which possess insecticidal activity, into pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone through a scaffold hopping strategy. We designed and synthesized a series of novel mesoionic compounds that exhibited a range of insecticidal activities against A. craccivora. The LC50 values of compounds E1 and E2 were 0.73 and 0.88 μg/mL, respectively, better than triflumezopyrim (LC50 = 2.43 μg/mL). Proteomics and molecular docking analyses showed that E1 might influence the A. craccivora nervous system by interacting with neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This research offers a new approach to the advancement of novel mesoionic insecticides.

Early prenatal sex steroids and sex-typed play behavior at 4 years of age

During pregnancy, estrogens and testosterone influence brain development, resulting in sex-typical behavioral phenotypes. Prenatal testosterone exposure is associated with more male-typical behaviors in rodents, monkeys, and humans; however, few studies have examined the relationship between maternal sex hormones within the normal range and sex-dimorphic behaviors. In this study, we examined associations between prenatal estrogens and testosterone and sex-typical play in The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES), a multicenter pregnancy cohort. We collected prenatal serum during the first trimester (mean=11.1 ± 2.6 weeks) and assessed child play behavior using the maternally completed Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI) at a mean age of 4.5 ± 0.3 years. This analysis includes mother-child pairs with complete data on hormones, play behavior, and covariates (n = 192 boys and 207 girls). No associations were seen between testosterone and PSAI scores in boys or girls or between estrogens and PSAI scores in boys. In girls, we observed an inverse relationship between feminine PSAI scores and both estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) in multivariable linear regression analyses (E2: −0.11 [95% CI −0.20, −0.02]; E3: −0.44 [95% CI −0.83,−0.04]). Because the relationship between sex hormones and PSAI scores appeared nonlinear, we fit piecewise regression models to better fit the data and identify inflection points (point at which there is a significant change in slope). Piecewise regression analyses yielded inverse associations between masculine PSAI scores and estrone (E1) at values of E1 > 1340 pg/mL and E2 at values of E2 > 2870 pg/mL in girls. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of prenatal sex steroids on sexually dimorphic behavior.

Dynamics of prostaglandin E2 in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastroenterological diseases. Therefore, the issues of diagnosis and the most effective treatment of GERD are extremely relevant. Achieving a stable positive result of treatment is impossible without taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of GERD. Particularly relevant are the little-studied issues of the influence of humoral factors on the development of GERD in the course of treatment. One of the interesting biologically active substances is prostaglandin E2, the possible involvement of which in the mechanisms of the development of GERD is insufficiently reported. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of antireflux surgery on the level of prostaglandin E2 in blood serum and to verify that its changes after surgical treatment are associated with the decrease of gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal inflammation. Materials and methods. 35 patients were examined with GERD who underwent laparoscopic total antireflux fundoplication. There were 26 women (74.3 %) and 9 men (25.7 %). Their age is 55.3 ± 11.3. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy people (women – 14 (70.0 %), men – 6 (30.0 %), average age – 56.7 ± 10.6). Immunoenzymatic analysis of prostaglandin E2 was performed in blood plasma, which was obtained according to a stan­dard method. Determination of prostaglandin E2 (Prostaglandin E2 ELISA, KGE004B, RnD Systems) was carried out by the immunoenzymatic method based on the use of the “sandwich“ variant of the solid-phase immunoenzymatic analysis. The procedure was carried out on the immunoenzyme complex ImmunoChem-2100 (USA) at the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics in Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Research on the level of prostaglandin E2 in the main group was carried out before surgical treatment and 2–3 months after surgery by taking venous blood and using the above test systems. Statistical evaluation of the research results was performed using the Statistica for Windows 13 software package (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). Results. The level of prostaglandin E2 in the blood of practically healthy people was 16.7 ± 6.1 pg/ml. In the main group, the values of prostaglandin E2 before surgical treatment were 25.8 ± 5.7 pg/ml, after surgical treatment, they decreased to 13.5 ± 5.3 pg/ml. The detailed analysis of patients in the main group showed that the level of prostaglandin E2 did not differ statistically in different erosive forms of esophagitis, or CLE and NERD. But it is statistically different from the level of prostaglandin E2 in practically healthy individuals of the control group. The conducted correlation analysis indicated that the level of prostaglandin E2 did not depend on the duration of acid exposure in the esophagus, as well as on the severity of esophagitis or the presence of CLE. Conclusions. With effective surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, a decrease in the level of prostaglandin E2 after surgery is determined compared to preoperative data to the level obtained in a group of practically healthy patients. The obtained dynamics of the level of prostaglandin E2 indicates the possibility of this hormone influencing the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter and active participation in the pathogenesis of GERD, which confirms the possibility of its use as an additional diagnostic marker of inflammation in the esophagus and a marker of the effectiveness of surgical treatment.

The Choice of the Most Appropriate Suture Threads for Pancreatic Anastomoses on the Basis of Their Mechanical Characteristics.

The choice of the most appropriate suture threads for pancreatic anastomoses may play an important role in reducing the incidence of post-operative pancreatic fistula (POPF). The literature on this topic is still not conclusive. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanical characteristics of suture materials to find the best suture threads for pancreatic anastomoses. A single-axial electromagnetic actuation machine was used to obtain the stress-deformation relationship curves and to measure both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the Young's modulus at the 0-3% deformation range (E0-3) of four different suture materials (Poliglecaprone 25, Polydioxanone, Polyglactin 910, and Polypropylene) at baseline and after incubation in saline solution, bile, and pancreatic juice for 1, 3, and 7 days. Polydioxanone and Polypropylene showed stable values of UTS and E0-3 in all conditions. Polyglactin 910 presented significant UTS and E0-3 variations between different time intervals in all types of liquids analyzed. Poliglecaprone 25 lost half of its strength in all biological liquids analyzed but maintained low E0-3 values, which could reduce the risk of lacerations of soft tissues. These results suggest that Polydioxanone and Poliglecaprone 25 could be the best suture materials to use for pancreatic anastomoses. In vivo experiments will be organized to obtain further confirmations of this in vitro evidence.

Staging accuracy of MRI of the prostate with special reference to the influence of the time of last ejaculation on the detection of seminal vesicle invasion

To evaluate the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System, version 2.1 (PIRADS V2.1) criteria for seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and examine whether the timing of last ejaculation influences the detection of SVI. The study population consisted of 68 patients (34 with SVI, 34 without SVI, matching groups by age and prostate volume) who underwent PIRADS V2.1-compliant multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 34 at 1.5 T, 34 at 3 T). Before the examination, the time of last ejaculation (38/68≤5 days, 30/68>5 days) was collected via a questionnaire. The five PIRADS V2.1 criteria for SVI with subsequent overall assessment were evaluated retrospectively by two independent examiners (examiner 1 with >10 years of experience, examiner 2 with 6 months of experience) in a single-blinded fashion for all patients using a questionnaire and a six-point scale (0=no, 1=very likely not, 2=probably not, 3=possible, 4=probable, 5=certain). E1 achieved high specificity (100%) and positive predictive value (PPV; 100%) in the overall assessment, independent of the time of last ejaculation (sensitivity=76.5%, negative predictive value [NPV]=81%). The area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.882; for E2, it was 0.765. At ≤5 days, the AUC values of E1 and E2 differed significantly (0.867 versus 0.681, p=0.016), as did the diffusion restriction criterion (0.833 versus 0.681, p=0.028). E1 showed high AUC values independent of time. E2 had better values for all criteria at >5 days than at ≤5 days. There were no significant differences between the examiners in all observations at >5 days. The PIRADS V2.1 criteria are well suited for an experienced examiner to detect SVI independent of time point. An inexperienced examiner will benefit from patients being abstinent >5 days prior to MRI.

Some Thiocyanate Containing Heterocyclic Compounds: Synthesis, Bioactivity and Molecular Docking Study

AbstractThis study focuses on the synthesis of some thiocyanate containing heterocyclic compounds. Theoretical calculations are conducted to genergate a mechanism for substituting chloride with thiocyanate in 2‐(chloromethyl)aziridine derivatives, which result in formation of thiocyanate‐based aziridine derivatives. Computations reveal that the two similar reactions have a different reaction profile, namely E1 formation is endergonic (+32.8 kcal/mol) while the E2 formation is exergonic (−62.8 kcal/mol). All heterocyclic molecules were determined for human carbonic anhydrase I, II (hCAs I and II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and α‐glycosidase inhibitory abilities. Results indicated that all the synthetic compounds exhibited potent inhibitory abilities against all targets as compared to the standard inhibitors, revealed by IC50 values. Ki values of novel group E1–E3 for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, and α‐glycosidase enzymes were obtained in the ranges 4.08‐15.04, 12.51–24.37, 52.07–81.21 and 1076.38–1287.55 μM, respectively. Molecular modeling results have shown that the most active molecules have binding affinity with −6.204, −4.423, −6.298, and −6.623 kcal/mol against hCA II, hCA I, α‐glycosidase, and AChE enzymes, respectively. Thiocyanate moiety specifically inhibited hCA I and hCA II enzymes. CA inhibitors have the ability to dilate retinal capillaries and suppress capillary blockage.