E-shaped Patch Antenna Research Articles

W-shaped enhanced-bandwidth patch antenna for wireless communication

In this paper a novel form of the familiar E-shaped patch antenna is presented. In the presented approach, by using the genetic algorithm (GA) based on fuzzy decision-making, some modifications have been implemented to the incorporated slots which lead to even more enhancement in the antenna bandwidth. The MOM (Method of Moment) is employed for analysis at the frequency band of 1.8GHz---2.6GHz by the optimization parameters of supply locations and slot dimensions. In the implemented fuzzy system, inputs are parameters like population, and outputs are parameters like recombination to produce the next generation. Fuzzy inference system (FIS) is used for the control of GA parameters. The design is also optimized by successive iterations of a computer-aided analysis package and experimental modifications. Prototype antenna, resonating at wireless communication frequencies of 1.88 and 2.37 GHz, has been constructed and experimental results are in relatively good agreement with the analysis. Dimensions of the modified slots for bandwidth enhancement, while maintaining good radiation characteristics, have been determined and the obtained antenna bandwidth of 36.7% is larger than that of a corresponding unslotted rectangular microstrip antenna or a conventional E-Shaped patch antenna. Details of the antenna design approach and experimental results are presented and discussed.

Modified Particle Swarm Optimization for Patch Antenna Design Based on IE3D

An evolutionary optimization method for patch antenna designs is presented in this paper. The modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) based on fitness distance ratio (FDR) is combined with standard software IE3D to achieve the optimum antenna satisfying a certain design criterion. The antenna geometric parameters are extracted and optimized by a MPSO program, and simulated by IE3D. The fitness function of the optimization is calculated by the MPSO program according to the simulation results extracted from IE3D to represent the performance of each candidate design. A microstrip line fed low-profile E-shaped patch antenna is designed and optimized using the MPSO/IE3D method. The designed patch antenna is simulated, fabricated, and measured to validate the effectiveness of the MPSO/IE3D method.

A Compact E-Shaped Patch Antenna With Corrugated Wings

A compact E-shaped microstrip patch antenna, which is significantly smaller than previous E-shaped patch antennas, is presented. The reduction in area is achieved by introducing corrugations into the two side wings of the E-shaped patch. The new technique is demonstrated by designing a 5-6 GHz corrugated E-shaped patch antenna that is 25% smaller than a conventional design. Despite the small size, the bandwidth of the corrugated antenna is as broad as the conventional antenna

A Perturbed E-Shaped Patch Antenna for Wideband WLAN Applications

A wideband E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications is presented. Zig-zag slots and perturbations of the E-shaped metallic patch are employed to excite two resonant modes and achieve a wide-band frequency behavior, featuring a fractional bandwidth of about 30%, and, at the same time, to meet the occupation volume requirements of mobile wireless local-area network enabled communication devices. A locally conformal finite-difference time-domain numerical procedure has been employed to analyze the radiating structure. Numerical results concerning the antenna parameters are in good agreement with experimental measurements.

Response surface space mapping for electromagnetic optimization

An electromagnetic system can be described in a variety of ways. Coarse models provide fast evaluations but lack the required accuracy in the final stages of design. Fine models are highly accurate, but prohibitively expensive. Finding a compromise between these extremes may assist in overcoming bottlenecks in design automation and optimization. One approach is to carry out optimization in the coarse model space and use fine model simulations to fine-tune the result via space mapping. A new response surface space mapping (RSSM) strategy is presented and applied to an E-shaped patch antenna test case. The solutions that emerge are comparable to full fine model optimization at a fraction of the cost

New expression for the resonance frequency of an E-shaped microstrip patch antenna

The resonance frequency of an E-shaped microstrip antenna has been calculated by equating its area to an equivalent area of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna. A new expression for effective dielectric constant is developed for the E-shaped microstrip patch antenna. The new expression of resonance frequency is used to calculate the results, which are in good agreement with the measured and published results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1561–1563, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21700

Quasi-omnidirectional dual-band back-to-back E-shaped patch antenna for laptop applications

A novel dual-band low profile antenna to be integrated into a laptop screen cover rim is presented. In spite of the laptop's large ground plane, the antenna exhibits quasi-omnidirectional properties in both operating bands. The two resonant frequencies can be tuned independently within a broad range of ratio 1.2-3.5 without changing the patch external dimensions.

Parallel particle swarm optimization and finite- difference time-domain (PSO/FDTD) algorithm for multiband and wide-band patch antenna designs

This paper presents a novel evolutionary optimization methodology for multiband and wide-band patch antenna designs. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) are combined to achieve the optimum antenna satisfying a certain design criterion. The antenna geometric parameters are extracted to be optimized by PSO, and a fitness function is evaluated by FDTD simulations to represent the performance of each candidate design. The optimization process is implemented on parallel clusters to reduce the computational time introduced by full-wave analysis. Two examples are investigated in the paper: first, the design of rectangular patch antennas is presented as a test of the parallel PSO/FDTD algorithm. The optimizer is then applied to design E-shaped patch antennas. It is observed that by using different fitness functions, both dual-frequency and wide-band antennas with desired performance are obtained by the optimization. The optimized E-shaped patch antennas are analyzed, fabricated, and measured to validate the robustness of the algorithm. The measured less than - 18 dB return loss (for dual-frequency antenna) and 30.5% bandwidth (for wide-band antenna) exhibit the prospect of the parallel PSO/FDTD algorithm in practical patch antenna designs.

Miniature wide-band half U-slot and half E-shaped patch antennas

The U-slot patch antenna, a single-layer single-patch antenna on a relatively thick substrate (/spl sim/0.08/spl lambda//sub 0/), is a wide-band antenna with an impedance bandwidth in a range of 20%-30%, which is about an order of magnitude larger than that of the regular patch antenna. Recently, it was shown that a half U-slot patch antenna, with half of one of the dimensions of the U-slot patch, maintains similar wide-band behavior. The half-structure was also successfully applied to the U-slot with shorting wall. In this paper, new results on half structures, not previously published, are presented. First, the shorting pin technique is used to reduce the size of the half U-slot patch antenna. By both simulation and experimental studies, it is concluded that the impedance bandwidths, radiation patterns, radiation efficiencies and gains of the half-structures are comparable to the corresponding full structures. Bandwidth of 28.6% and radiation efficiencies exceeding 90% are obtained for the half U-slot patch with shorting pin. Radiation patterns are stable across the matching band. Second, it is shown that a structure obtained from halving the E-shaped patch, which is a derivative of the U-slot patch, also maintains its wide-band behavior.

Compact diversity antenna for wireless devices

A compact diversity antenna, consisting of two E-shaped microstrip patch antennas, is presented. It has a wide bandwidth, covering all frequency bands of 5–6 GHz WLAN systems operating under IEEE 802.11a and HiperLAN2 standards. Corrugations have been introduced to reduce the overall width of the diversity configuration to 54 mm—the width of a standard PCMCIA card. The isolation between the two inputs is greater than 20 dB and the signal correlation is less than 0.2 over all WLAN bands.

E-Shaped Patch Antennas for High-Speed Wireless Networks

Thin, broad-band, E-shaped microstrip patch antennas (ESPAs), operating in the 5-6 GHz frequency range, are presented. They are intended for high-speed (IEEE 802.11a, 54 Mb/s) wireless computer local area networks (WLAN) and other wireless communication systems. They are suitable for WLAN adaptor cards in the PCMCIA (also known as PC) format, allowing users of current notebook computers to upgrade to this high-speed wireless standard at a low cost. Importantly, our antennas are thin enough to be accommodated in a PCMCIA card of standard 5-mm thickness, without making the antenna end thicker than the card itself. Two different closely spaced antenna pairs are also presented for diversity. A new ESPA configuration with a microstrip feed is presented for easy integration with microwave transceivers. In all cases, within the two IEEE 802.11a WLAN bands (5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-5.825 GHz), the reflection coefficient at the antenna input is <-10 dB and in both antenna pairs, mutual coupling between the two antennas is <-20 dB.

Comments on "Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications"

For original paper see Yang, F. et al., ibid., vol.49, p.1094-1100 (2001). The writer disputes the novelty claimed by Yang et al. for the E-shaped patch antenna in wireless communications. He points out that it is a special case of the double C-patch antenna which he invented in 1994 (Sanad, M. Proc. IEEE AP-S Symp., p.2116-19, 1995). He refers to papers and patents which describe the further development of the double C-patch antenna and also its application as the basis of internal integrated antennas for portable wireless communication equipment, including cellular phones.

Authors' Reply [Comments on "Wide-band e-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications"

For original paper see Yang, F. et al., ibid., vol.49, p.1094-1100 (2001). For comment see Sanad, M., ibid., p.2541. The authors express their regret that they did not refer to Dr. Sanad's work and thank him for his interest in their paper. They acknowledge the extent of his work on the double C-patch antenna and its application in the field of mobile communication.

Novel design of broad-band stacked patch antenna

A novel broadband stacked E-shaped patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna has an input impedance bandwidth of about 38.41%, better than the conventional E-shaped microstrip patch antenna, which has an input impedance bandwidth of 33.8%. Through the use of the washer on the probe of the stacked patch antenna, the input impedance bandwidth is improved further to 44.9%. The radiation patterns are found to be relatively constant throughout the whole band. Comparisons of these antennas are presented in this paper.

Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications

This paper presents a novel single-patch wide-band microstrip antenna: the E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are incorporated into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth. The wide-band mechanism is explored by investigating the behavior of the currents on the patch. The slot length, width, and position are optimized to achieve a wide bandwidth. The validity of the design concept is demonstrated by two examples with 21.2% and 32.3% bandwidths. Finally, a 30.3% E-shaped patch antenna, resonating at wireless communication frequencies of 1.9 and 2.4 GHz, is designed, fabricated and measured. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.

A novel E-shaped broadband microstrip patch antenna

A novel coaxial-fed E-shaped microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna is found to have a much broader impedance bandwidth as compared to the conventional U-slot antenna. An impedance bandwidth of about 33.8% is achieved for the proposed E-plane antenna. Through the use of a washer on the proposed antenna, the probe inductor is compensated, and an impedance bandwidth of 40% is thus obtained. The E-plane radiation pattern for both the proposed antenna and the one incorporated with the washer remains relatively constant through the band. A comparison between the U-slot antenna and our proposed antennas is made in the paper. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 27: 348–352, 2000.