Email Transactions Research Articles

Business model canvas for local salt business in Bangkala District, Jeneponto Regency (Case study of Bangkala Ramah local salt business group)

This study aimed to identify the potential of local salt in the Bangkala Ramah salt business group and to analyze the Business Model Canvas of the local salt business in the Bangkala Ramah salt business group, Bangkala District, Jeneponto Regency. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. This research was carried out in Minasatene Subdistrict, Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi Province, from March - June 2022. The results of this study are the potential for people's salt business in the Bangkala Ramah salt business group is Rp. 698,000,000/year, with a total production of 13,960 Kg/year, produced on an area of 9,095 M² with an entire production plot of 107 plots. The results of the Business Model Canvas analysis on the Bangkala Ramah salt business group need improvements to the BMC elements: (1) Customer Segments: added dried fish processors, restaurants, supermarkets, minimarkets, stalls, and traditional markets. (2) Value Propositions: making smaller packaging of coarse salt with its brand and refined iodized salt with its brand. (3) Channels: adding emails as email transactions and data storage. (4) Customer Relationship: forming a salt producer community group. (5) Revenue Streams: income streams from business diversification and invoice generation for marketing administration needs. (6) Key Resources: capital/financial, production machinery and storage warehouse. (7) Key Activities: use production technology and build partner alliances. (8) Key Partnership: Government agencies managing PUGAR and KUGAR throughout Jeneponto Regency. (9) Cost Structure: Transportation rental costs and product storage warehouse rentals.

An Empirical Analysis of Email Forensics Tools

Emails are the most common service on the Internet for communication and sending documents. Email is used not only from computers but also from many other electronic devices such as tablets; smartphones, etc. Emails can also be used for criminal activities. Email forensic refers to the study of email detail and content as evidence to identify the actual sender and recipient of a message, date/time of transmission, detailed record of email transaction, intent of the sender, etc. Email forensics involves investigation of metadata, keyword, searching, port scanning and generating report based on investigators need. Many tools are available for any investigation that involves email forensics. Investigators should be very careful of not violating user’s privacy. To this end, investigators should run keyword searches to reveal only the relevant emails. Therefore, knowledge of the features of the tool and the search features is necessary for the tool selection. In this research, we experimentally compare the performance of several email forensics tools. Our aim is to help the investigators with the tool selection task. We evaluate the tools in terms of their keyword search, report generation, and other features such as, email format, size of the file accepted, whether they work online or offline, format of the reports, etc. We use Enron email data set for our experiment.

An Empirical Analysis of Email Forensics Tools

Emails are the most common service on the Internet for communication and sending documents. Email is used not only from computers but also from many other electronic devices such as tablets; smartphones, etc. Emails can also be used for criminal activities. Email forensic refers to the study of email detail and content as evidence to identify the actual sender and recipient of a message, date/time of transmission, detailed record of email transaction, intent of the sender, etc. Email forensics involves investigation of metadata, keyword, searching, port scanning and generating report based on investigators need. Many tools are available for any investigation that involves email forensics. Investigators should be very careful of not violating user’s privacy. To this end, investigators should run keyword searches to reveal only the relevant emails. Therefore, knowledge of the features of the tool and the search features is necessary for the tool selection. In this research, we experimentally compare the performance of several email forensics tools. Our aim is to help the investigators with the tool selection task. We evaluate the tools in terms of their keyword search, report generation, and other features such as, email format, size of the file accepted, whether they work online or offline, format of the reports, etc. We use Enron email data set for our experiment.

Secure and Efficient Bi-Directional Proxy Re-Encyrption Technique

<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span>The low cost availability of smart devices and broadband connection has led to rapid growth of communication over Internet. As of today the internet based communication service is widely used in various application services such as in E-Mail transaction of sensitive data (medical data), online money transaction etc. all these services requires a strong security. There has been continuous ongoing research by various cryptanalyst to enhance security of cryptography especially in semi-untrusted server. However, performance, computation time and ease of use play a significant role in using the algorithm for implementation. Proxy re-encryption plays a significant role in protecting data that are stored in semi-untrusted server. Many existing Proxy re-encryption technique induces high computation overhead due to adoption of public key cryptography such RSA (Rivet Shamir Adleman), ECC (Elliptical Curve Cryptography) etc. and it suffer from quantum attack. To address this lattice based cryptography is adopted by various approaches which is based on Learning With Error which shows resilience against quantum attacks such Chosen Cipher data attack and Chosen Plain Text attack. The drawback with existing lattice cryptography based approach is that they are unidirectional and adopts bilinear pairing which compromise security and induces high computation cost. To address this work present a Bidirectional Proxy Re-encryption scheme by adopting lattice based cryptography technique. Experiment is conducted for computation overhead by varying key and data size which attained significant performance improvement over existing Proxy Re-encryption scheme.</span><br /></span></p>

Analysis of E-mail Transactions in Virtual Reference Services

Today, the use of traditional reference desk in the academic libraries has been rarely used, thus expanding or even move to a virtual reference service. A minimum level of virtual reference services are provided in the academic library is currently in general is the electronic mail (e-mail). One of the academic library specifically provide virtual reference services via e-mail is a Petra Christian University (PCU) Library (refdesk@petra.ac.id.). In such services librarians provide assistance to users in finding information and answer questions. This study aimed to analyze the transaction reference services virtually through e-mail at the PCU Library, with a view of the types of questions based on user background, the writing style of language communication interaction used based on user background, and cultural values are revealed behind the user in virtual reference services (e-mail). This study uses content analysis (content analysis) of the transcript e-mail received librarians of reference services began March 10 until June 16, 2015. The results showed that the types of questions asked in reference service virtual (e-mail) in the Library UK Petra include: specific search, access online resources, operation of online resources, policies and procedures for services, and library holdings with background the student (PCU and non-PCU), faculty, and librarians. Based on the background of users found that overall more types of questions asked in virtual reference services (e-mail) is a problem of access to online resources, and generally submitted by the students. Then, the writing style of the user's language in interaction reference service virtual (e-mail) tends to be formal, which includes the word greeting, the message will be delivered, and regards cover, either by the student (PCU and non-PCU), lecturer, or librarians. While cultural values that revealed the background behind the user in virtual reference services (e-mail) is obedience, courtesy and politeness users. Keywords: virtual reference services, e-mail reference service, e-mail transactions, content analysis, academic libraries

Beyond Grammar: Tracking Perceptions of Quality in Student E-mail

This research explores a presumed link between today’s use of digital media and an ever-increasing lack of rhetorical awareness in students. Specifically, the study pilots a method for measuring rhetorical awareness through students’ e-mail transactions with faculty in technical writing service courses, questioning whether rhetorical awareness has decreased in the preceding 10 years. The findings indicate that students might be more rhetorically aware today than they were 10 years ago, but levels remain below expectations.

Embeddedness Creates Opportunities for Enhanced Library Liaison Services and Relationships

A Review of:
 O’Toole, E., Barham, R., & Monahan, J. (2016). The impact of physically embedded librarianship on academic departments. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 16(3), 529-556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pla.2016.0032
 
 Abstract
 
 Objective – To examine whether liaison librarian interactions increase when librarians are physically embedded in their liaison areas.
 
 Design – Natural experiment using quantitative measures.
 
 Setting – A large, public university in the United States of America.
 
 Subjects – Liaison librarian reference interactions.
 
 Methods – This research is organized around four primary research questions that examine the effect of liaison librarian physical, co-located embeddedness on the following: 1) the frequency of walk-up reference transactions of the embedded location versus the service desk; 2) the frequency of reference and instructional transactions with liaison areas after the implementation of embedded services; 3) the frequency of walk-up transactions at embedded sites compared to the number of reference and instructional transactions after embeddedness began; and 4) liaison librarian participation in new collaborative or integrative activities with their liaison areas. Researchers used data collected between Fall 2012 and Spring 2014 and compared this to data collected in the pre-embedded period for Fall 2010 to Fall 2011. Data sources included the library’s locally developed reference services statistics tracking tool, individual librarians’ calendar appointment records, and librarian performance agreements. The analysis uses descriptive statistics.
 
 Main Results – Researchers discovered a decrease in the frequency of liaison librarians’ walk-up reference transactions at the service desk, as tracked by transactions per hour, occurring before the transition, during the transition, and after the transition to embedded librarianship. They note a decrease of 45% in the number of walk-up interactions at service points for the three librarians involved in the study from the pre-embeddedness service period during Fall 2010 as compared to Spring 2012. The data show this decline through Spring 2013 before rebounding in Fall 2013 and Spring 2014. They identified a median decline of three transactions per hour at the service desk from the pre-embeddedness to post-embeddedness periods.
 
 They identified an increase of 371% in the number of email transactions following the implementation of embedded librarianship as compared to the pre-embeddedness period. Telephone interactions declined overall during the research period, though they were already in decline before the transition to embeddedness began. The overall number of face-to-face reference appointments increased during the transition to embeddedness and continued to rise during the post-embeddedness period, with a 275% increase in the median number of appointments between pre- and post-embeddedness periods. The new embeddedness service did not have as significant an impact on the frequency of information literacy instruction sessions, with a small increase of 11.5% between the pre- and post-embeddedness periods, but it did spur the creation of online course research guides, which saw an increase of 54%.
 
 Regarding the third research question, researchers totalled the combined numbers of reference transactions by phone, email, and appointment, and compared those against walk-up interactions and also against instruction activities. In both cases, they did not discover any apparent impact of embeddedness and the frequency of these activities.
 
 The final research question addressed whether embeddedness led to liaison librarians having new collaborative and integrative activities with their subject areas. The researchers indicate that the liaison librarians “indeed experienced novel interactions with their assigned departments that fall into both categories” (p. 547). They highlight several types of activities experienced by the liaison librarians in the study, such as participating in the grant proposal process, assisting department projects, and involvement in student activities.
 
 Conclusion – This library’s expanded embedded library services led to an increased frequency of reference interactions, instruction opportunities, and opportunities for new collaborative and integrative activities between the liaison librarian and their subject area. This study reveals several opportunities for future research around embedded services as well as models of embeddedness, including opportunities to address impact and benefits of such services on the liaison areas.

Preprint Déjà Vu.

Twenty‐five years ago, in August 1991, I spent a couple of afternoons at Los Alamos National Laboratory writing some simple software that enabled a small group of physicists to share drafts of their articles via automated email transactions with a central repository. Within a few years, the site migrated to the nascent WorldWideWeb as arXiv.org, and experienced both expansion in coverage and heavy growth in usage that continues to this day. In 1998, I gave a talk to a group of biologists—including David Lipman, Pat Brown, and Michael Eisen—at a meeting at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) to describe the sharing of articles “pre‐publication” by physicists. The talk was met with some enthusiasm and prompted the “e‐biomed” proposal in the following spring by then NIH director Harold Varmus. He encouraged the creation of an NIH‐run electronic archive for all biomedical research articles, including both a preprint server and an archive of published peer‐reviewed articles, which generated significant discussion.

A Novel Ammonic Conversion Algorithm for Securing Data in DNA using Parabolic Encryption

In today's era, the traditional cryptographic methods are not sufficient to provide security to the data. Everyone wants to secure their data whether the data is bank transaction, email transaction, personal data or the data related to work. To provide security to the data, DNA cryptography emerges as a new field. DNA cryptography is a new branch of cryptography. It provides security to the data by converting the data in the form of DNA sequence. A lot of research has been done in the area of this cryptography. It consists of various stages like converting data in the form of DNA, reverse conversion, various methods of encryption etc. Various methods of encryption are present until now in the DNA cryptography. But the problem with them is that they all have more emphasis on biological encryption methods. There is a need of methods which make use of simple biological methods and complex binary or other number system encryption. In this paper, the authors are proposing a new algorithm for providing security to the data at two levels. The authors propose a parabolic transposition in a circular arrangement of data. In the proposed algorithm, data is arranged in a circular way. The number of rows and columns acts as a key for binary encryption. For encrypting the DNA sequence, the authors convert the DNA sequence into amino acid. This amino acid sequence will act as a cipher text and send to the receiver through the open environment. The proposed algorithm is a type of block cipher. It is a transposition cipher. It changes the position of data for binary encryption.

The convergent use of mobile phones: A comparison of user behaviors between Australia and Taiwan

The emergence of device convergence with regard to new design and data services have transformed the use of mobile phones from solely for voice and text communication into various purposes, namely personal information management (PIM), entertainment, e-mail communication, and commercial transactions. However, most of the existing literature on mobile technology adoption has thus far focused on the adoption of mobile phone as a single function device and hence does offer very limited explanatory power to understand the utility of mobile phone as a converged device. In addition, the scope of previous studies has been limited to a single country. Therefore, this paper intends to address both these limitations. The aim is to explain the use of mobile phone as a converged device and the determinants that influence such use. Data were collected based on a cross-national survey in Australia and Taiwan. Although the findings indicate that the individual profiles and usage patterns in both countries are similar, the empirical framework explains more variances in the Australian sample. Among the psychometrical factors, individuals’ perception of enjoyment is the dominant factor that drives people to use mobile phones for various purposes in both Australia and Taiwan. Users’ age does differentiate the use of mobile phones for different purposes in both samples. Gender seems to have some influence as well. Male and female users show significant differences in using their mobile phones for entertainment, e-mail and commercial transactions. The findings also pinpoint the effects of individuals’ perceptions, demographics, and technology choices are heterogeneous when using mobile phones for specific purposes. Some effects, such as risk and enjoyment can be explained by cultural differences. Therefore, product manufacturers and service providers should dedicate their marketing efforts in accordance to match with the heterogeneous demand from their customers. Key words: TAM, mobile commerce, moderating effect, logistic regression.

Modelling Dyadic Interaction with Hawkes Processes

We apply the Hawkes process to the analysis of dyadic interaction. The Hawkes process is applicable to excitatory interactions, wherein the actions of each individual increase the probability of further actions in the near future. We consider the representation of the Hawkes process both as a conditional intensity function and as a cluster Poisson process. The former treats the probability of an action in continuous time via non-stationary distributions with arbitrarily long historical dependency, while the latter is conducive to maximum likelihood estimation using the EM algorithm. We first outline the interpretation of the Hawkes process in the dyadic context, and then illustrate its application with an example concerning email transactions in the work place.

Email Reference Transactions Reveal Unique Patterns about End-User Information Seeking Behaviour and Librarians’ Responses in Academic and Public Libraries Outside the U.S. and Canada

Email Reference Transactions Reveal Unique Patterns about End-User Information Seeking Behaviour and Librarians’ Responses in Academic and Public Libraries Outside the U.S. and Canada

Moving Beyond Assumptions: The Use of Virtual Reference Data in an Academic Library

The Mississippi State University Libraries' Virtual Reference Service collected statistics about virtual reference usage. Analysis of the data collected by an entry survey from chat and e-mail transactions provided librarians with concrete information about what patron groups were the highest and lowest users of virtual reference services. These data provide insight on how to proceed with marketing strategies by identifying patron groups that are aware or unaware of the services, based on their level of usage. This information assists librarians in their reference and liaison roles as they build relationships with their patrons.

Mining Email Transaction Logs Using Multi-Digraphs

With the tremendous volume of email messages, it is difficult to determine significant messages and users in an email system without knowing the message contents. This paper presents a simple and intuitive model to mine an email transactions log for significant messages and users. No use is made of NLP or semantic analysis. The model is based only on scoring messages and users from a graph-theoretic analysis of the communication pattern represented in the transaction log. Practical experiments indicate the potential of the model.

Libraries Demonstrate Low Adherence to Virtual Reference Service Guidelines

A Review of:
 Shachaf, Pnina, and Sarah M. Horowitz. “Virtual Reference Service Evaluation: Adherence to RUSA Behavioral Guidelines and IFLA Digital Reference Guidelines.” Library & Information Science Research 30.2 (2008): 122-37.
 
 Objectives – This study evaluates the level to which virtual (asynchronous e-mail) reference services adhere to professional guidelines. Specifically, it addresses the following research questions:
 1) To what extent do virtual reference services adhere to the American Library Association (ALA) Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) and the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) guidelines?
 2) How does the level of adherence to RUSA or IFLA guidelines vary based on request type, user name, and institution?
 3) Is there a correlation between outcome measures of reference transactions (accuracy, completeness, and satisfaction) and the level of adherence to RUSA or IFLA guidelines?
 
 Design – Unobtrusive evaluation of researcher-generated queries.
 
 Setting – Fifty-four academic libraries in North America.
 Subjects – A total of 324 queries were sent to the 54 libraries, with each library receiving six different types of requests from six different user names.
 
 Methods – Researchers developed two coding schemes for the guidelines (34 codes and 12 attributes for the RUSA guidelines and 33 codes and 10 attributes for the IFLA guidelines). Each of the six user names used represented an ethnic and/or religious group identity: Mary Anderson (Caucasian, Christian), Moshe Cohen (Caucasian, Jewish), Ahmed Ibrahim (Arab), Latoya Johnson (African American), Rosa Manuz (Hispanic), and Chang Su (Asian). The six request types were designed so that three would be answered (questions 1-3) and three would be out of scope and not answered (questions 4-6). The following queries were sent, individualized for each institution: 1) Dissertation query; 2) Sports team query; 3) Population query; 4) Subject query; 5) Article query; 6) Request for a PDF copy. The 324 queries were uploaded into NVivo 2 software, and all e-mail transactions were coded and analyzed.
 Main Results – Analysis of the 324 transactions from 54 libraries showed the following results:
 1) Low levels of adherence to both sets of guidelines;
 2) Varied levels of adherence based on request types and user names on
 both sets of guidelines;
 3) Variation in institutional rank according to different sets of guidelines;
 4) No correlation between user satisfaction and adherence to either set of guidelines.
 
 Conclusion – This study suggests that higher levels of virtual reference service effectiveness could be achieved by automatically integrating some less observed behaviours (e.g., thank you notes) into replies sent to users and by increasing librarians’ awareness of professional guidelines through training and detailed institutional policies. The authors also suggest that librarians should be aware of their tendencies to react differently to different user groups, and that administrators can facilitate this by providing diversity workshops.

The effect of social network diagrams on a virtual network of practice: a Korean case

This study investigates the effect of the presentation of social network diagrams on virtual team members’ interaction behavior via e-mail. E-mail transaction data from 22 software developers in a Korean IT company was analyzed and depicted as diagrams by social network analysis (SNA), and presented to the members as an intervention. Results showed that the SNA diagrams presented were effective in increasing the quantity of e-mail transactions among the members and in forming a community of practice. The findings suggest that SNA diagrams can be used as a cost-effective intervention strategy for virtual team members to actively share knowledge and collaborate as members of a network of practice.

Little Things Matter

The author focuses on free programs librarians can use in creative ways to revitalize reference services. By pairing creativity with a student-centered approach, commonplace utilities can improve the effectiveness of in-person and e-mail reference sessions. TinyURL.com shortens URLs for both in-person and e-mail reference transactions allowing students to access previously viewed searches. SnagIt is useful in e-mail reference interactions when visual aides are necessary. The author also discusses the pedagogical issues involved in instructing students in the use of citation managers such as NoodleBib Express.

Same Questions, Different Venue

This study applied traditional categories used for classifying questions presented at reference desks to online reference services. Questions presented at Penn State's subject libraries were classified as ‘Where Is,’ ‘Troubleshooting,’ ‘Policy and Service,’ and ‘Reference.’ Definitions and examples were provided to the librarians and staff covering thirteen reference desks. These categories were then applied to Penn State's e-mail and chat reference transactions for the Fall 2002 semester. Although the types of questions were similar across the three services, there were differences in the proportion of questions by categories. This suggests that services have similar, yet distinct, functions and that the type of questions submitted differ between in-person and online and also between e-mail and chat.

A Conversation with Phil Smoot

In the landscape of today’s megaservices, Hotmail just might be Mount Everest. One of the oldest free Web e-mail services, Hotmail relies on more than 10,000 servers spread around the globe to process billions of e-mail transactions per day. What’s interesting is that despite this enormous amount of traffic, Hotmail relies on less than 100 system administrators to manage it all.

Do Virtual Reference Librarians Dream of Digital Reference Questions?: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Email and Chat Reference

ABSTRACTVirtual reference in an Australian academic library was examined using qualitative and quantitative analyses of email and chat transcripts. Forty-seven chat transcripts and a matched sample of email were analysed to examine questions of usage, question type, the reference interview and communication processes involved with these interactions. Results show that the usage of synchronous virtual reference in this sample is very low with a call rate of approximately one call for every four hours of availability. Email and chat show similar usage rates when hours of availability are taken into account. Chat enquiries tended to have higher proportions of research and reference enquiries. Email questions tended to have a higher proportion of administrative questions. Techniques of the reference interview are used far more frequently in chat than in email transactions. Chat and email transcripts were compared quantitatively using various metrics including duration and total word number. The average call l...