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Review Paper- “Detail Evolution of RTE Food”

Biospark-healthcare Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 05 July 2021. It is classified as Non-govt companyand is registered at Registrar of Companies, Mumbai. Its authorized share capital is Rs. 150,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. 150,000. It is inolved in Manufacture of other food products Biospark-healthcare Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on N/A and as per records fromMinistry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance sheet was last filed on 31 March 2022. Directors of Biospark-healthcare Private Limited are Jaiprakash Khanchand Vasdani, Neelkumar Rewachand Sujan,Vijay Jeevan Sujan and Prashant Kothari. Biospark-healthcare Private Limited's Corporate Identification Number is (CIN) U24290MH2021PTC363325 and its registration number is 363325.Its Email address is vijay.sujan@jnvgroup.co and its registered address is 4-A, 4TH FLOOR, 898 NOTAN PLAZA TURNER ROAD, BANDRA (WEST) MUMBAI Mumbai City MH 400050 IN. Current status of Biospark-healthcare Private Limited is - Active. The initial project proposal outlined a simple system of using a concept called “networked hypertext” to transmit documents and to communicate among staff in the high-energy physics community. Keywords – SUPPLY, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGMENT, INDIRECT SUPPLY, TAX TRANSPORT COMPLIANCE, TRANSPORTATION

Türk Onkoloji Hemşirelerinin Etik ve Profesyonel Değerleri

Aim
 This study aimed to determine the values that Turkish oncology nurses believe to be a guide for oncology nursing.
 Method 
 The study was conducted by Turkish Oncology Nursing Association members, attended oncology nursing certification courses or working in oncology clinics. Survey forms were sent to the participants to their postal and e-mail addresses in the association records, and the forms were also delivered by hand to the courses organized by the subject. A total of 880 forms were sent and 521 complete forms were received. As the first part of the questionnaire form, six values suggested for oncology nursing were obtained through a literature review and were included in the study along with their explanations. As the second part of the questionnaire, 10 values derived from the ethical codes of oncology nurses (National Nursing Ethical Codes) were included. The oncology nurses evaluate the importance of these values using a four-point Likert scale.
 Results 
 The study included 521 oncology nurses and reported the following values to be important: innovativeness, excellence, integrity, nurse advocacy, patient advocacy, and inclusiveness. Based on their preference, the participants reported the following ethical codes to be important for oncology nursing: innovativeness, informed consent, respect for individuals, loyalty, patient education, patient benefit, accurate information, respect for decisions, fair sharing, and honesty.
 Conclusion 
 The most important professional nursing values according to the perspectives of nurses in Türkiye were identified. It is advisable to update core values and ethical codes in future studies.

Preparation of carbon nanotube-filled bismuth/tin green nanocomposites and their efficient catalytic activity in the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

The practical utility of bismuth and tin compounds, as promising green combustion catalysts, is constrained by their substantial particle agglomeration. Herein, a straightforward ultrasonication-assisted method was reported to incorporate bismuth and tin compounds into the inner spaces of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), affording CNTs-confined bismuth (tin) compounds. The as-prepared nanocomposites were structurally completely characterized. The electrochemical property investigations showed that the introduction of bismuth and tin compounds increases the catalytic active sites of carbon nanotubes and inhibits nanoparticle agglomeration effectively. The theoretical calculations revealed that synergistic effects between Bi2O3 and carbon nanotubes can improve the efficiency of electron transfer in the Bi(NO3)3@A-CNTs(M1) composite. The evaluation results of the combustion catalytic performance of the nanocomposites on ammonium perchlorate (AP) pyrolysis suggested that adding 5 wt.% Bi(NO3)3@A-CNTs(M1) and DBT@A-CNTs(M1) (DBT = Dibutyltin dichloride) in AP brought about a more concentrated thermal decomposition process, advancing the peak of AP in the high-temperature decomposition stage from 420.4 ℃ to 328.9 and 325.9 ℃, respectively, and boosting its heat release from 976.42 J·g−1 to 2251.2 J·g−1 and 2452.03 J·g−1, respectively. The studies on the thermal degradation mechanism of AP, probed by thermal decomposition kinetics, in-situ solid FTIR and TG-FTIR-MS, concluded that the electron transfer from the critical steps ClO4− to NH4+ and O2 to O2− is accelerated by the interaction of the in-situ formed Bi2O3 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, boosting the relative contents of more stable gases, and ultimately promoting AP pyrolysis. A tentative catalytic thermal degradation mechanism of AP is finally proposed.

How Physicians and Nursing Staff Perceive Effectiveness and Tolerability of Bryophyllum Preparations: An Online Survey in an Anthroposophic Hospital

Background: Bryophyllum preparations are widely used in anthroposophic medicine, most often for mental and behavioural disorders. Three prospective studies have revealed positive effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum on sleep quality, and various trials have shown very good tolerability. Results from animal models have indicated CNS depressant and anxiolytic effects. This survey was conducted at the hospital “Klinik Arlesheim” in Switzerland to find out how the physicians and the nursing staff perceive the effectiveness and the tolerability of the Bryophyllum preparations they most frequently use. Design: Internal, anonymous online survey of healthcare professionals (April 8–May 31, 2022). The questionnaire comprised 105 multiple-choice questions. Answering the questions was taken as consent to participate in the survey. Participants and Methods: All physicians and nursing staff with a valid email address at the hospital “Klinik Arlesheim AG” were invited via email to participate in this REDCap survey. The data were analysed descriptively. Results: Out of 266 invited participants, 48 answered some and 36 answered all questions (response rate between 18.0% and 13.5%). The participants had long experience with Bryophyllum preparations and were comprised approximately equal numbers of physicians and nursing staff. Various Bryophyllum preparations from the hospital’s own production and Wala Heilmittel GmbH (in both cases produced from the species B. daigremontianum) and from Weleda AG (species B. pinnatum) were used. The indications for which most participants had prescribed or administered Bryophyllum preparations “very frequently” were anxiety, sleep disorders, crisis situations in oncology, posttraumatic stress disorder, benzodiazepine dependence/withdrawal, and depression. Improvements such as relief from restlessness, decreased anxiety, balance, easier falling asleep, better sleeping through, increased resilience, mood elevation, and less urge to move one’s legs were reported “frequently” or “very frequently.” Almost all participants agreed that Bryophyllum can be used to reduce the intake of synthetic sedatives or psychotropic drugs, but only approximately half believed that it could replace them. The majority of participants mentioned good tolerability of the various products, but a few reported occasional stomach or intestinal irritation, daytime fatigue, drowsiness, diarrhoea, and nausea. Conclusion: Bryophyllum preparations are perceived as helpful in the treatment of various mental disorders, particularly anxiety, and are generally well tolerated. Most of these preparations are used for indications that have not yet been clinically investigated.

Complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine researchers' practices and perceived barriers related to open science: An international, cross-sectional survey.

Open science (OS) aims to make the dissemination of knowledge and the research process transparent and accessible to everyone. With the increasing popularity of complementary, alternative, and integrative medicine (CAIM), our goal was to explore what are CAIM researchers' practices and perceived barriers related to OS. We conducted an anonymous online survey of researchers who published in journals listed in Scopus containing the words "complementary", "alternative", or "integrative" medicine in their names. We emailed 6040 researchers our purpose-built electronic survey after extracting their email address from one of their publications in our sample of journals. We questioned their familiarity with different OS concepts, along with their experiences and challenges engaging in these practices over the last 12 months. The survey was completed by 392 researchers (6.5% response rate, 97.1% completion rate). Most respondents were CAIM researchers familiar with the overall concept of OS, indicated by those actively publishing open access (OA) (n = 244, 76.0%), registering a study protocol (n = 148, 48.0%), and using reporting guidelines (n = 181, 59.0%) in the past 12 months. Preprinting, sharing raw data, and sharing study materials were less popular. A lack of funding was reported as the greatest barrier to publishing OA by most respondents (n = 252, 79.0%), and that additional funding is the most significant incentive in applying more OS practices to their research (n = 229,72.2%). With respect to preprinting barriers, 36.3% (n = 110) participants believed there are potential harms in sharing non-peer-reviewed work and 37.0% (n = 112) feared preprinting would reduce the likelihood of their manuscript being accepted by a journal. Respondents were also concerned about intellectual property control regarding sharing data (n = 94, 31.7%) and research study materials (n = 80, 28.7%). Although many participants were familiar with and practiced aspects of OS, many reported facing barriers relating to lack of funding to enable OS and perceived risks of revealing research ideas and data prior to publication. Future research should monitor the adoption and implementation of OS interventions in CAIM.

The Potential Harm of Email Delivery: Investigating the HTTPS Configurations of Webmail Services

Webmail, protected by the HTTPS protocol, only works correctly if both the server and client implement HTTPS-related features without vulnerability. Nevertheless, the deployment situation of these features in the webmail world is still unclear. To this end, we perform the first end-to-end and large-scale measurement of webmail service. For the server side, we first build an email address set with a size of 2.2 billion. Then we construct two webmail domain datasets: one contains 21 k domains filtered from the email address set; the other only includes 34 domains but supports more than 75% of the 2.2 billion email addresses. After performing a comprehensive measurement on these two webmail domain datasets, we find that some features are poorly deployed. Furthermore, we also rank servers by analyzing the properties of HTTPS-related features. For the client side, we investigate implement of HTTPS-related features in 50 different combinations of web browsers and operating systems (OSes). We find that even the latest browsers have poor support for some features. For example, Firefox in all OSes does not support CT. Our findings highlight that the full deployment of the security features for the HTTPS ecosystem is still a challenge, even in the webmail service.

An Investigation of the Impact of Mobile Money Services on the Profitability of Commercial Banks in Zambia

This paper sought to determine the impact of mobile money services on the profitability of commercial banks in Zambia. The study was guided by three objectives; (i) To examine the level of use of mobile money services in Zambia; (ii) to assess the measures of financial performance in the banking industry and (iii) to establish the relationship between the use of mobile money services and financial performance of the banking industry. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative research approaches mainly descriptive correlation design. The target population comprised of workers in all the commercial banks, mobile money operators (MMOs) and regulators and bank experts from Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) and Zambia Institute of Bankers (ZIOB) located in Lusaka central business district. A sample of 156 respondents was chosen using purposive sampling techniques to select retail, operations, customer service and finance department employees from banks and MMOs and two experts from ZICTA and ZIOB as key informants. Data were collected using questionnaires administered via Google forms sent to WhatsApp contacts and email addresses of respondents. Data were and analyzed using SPSS statistical packages to generate descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (regression analysis). The findings of study were presented in form of means, standard deviations, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. According to the findings of the study, it was indicated that there is generally a high level of use of mobile money services in the banking industry observed from a high level of reliability and accessibility to the services (Means of 3.71 and 4.17 simultaneously). The findings also indicated that there is a high level of financial performance reflected by a high level of profitability (Mean=4.52) in the banking industry, a high level of loan supervision (Mean=3 .85) and relatively high revenue sources (Mean=4. 11) for the banks. It was also indicated that there is an insignificant relationship between mobile money services use and financial performance in terms of profitability of banking industry (Sig. Value=0.2l2). It was also indicated that there is an insignificant relationship between mobile money services use and loan portfolio management of the banking industry (Sig. value=0.605). Finally, it also indicated that there an insignificant relationship between mobile money services use and revenue of banking industry (Sig. Value=0.435). The study thus recommends that commercial banks in Zambia which have not yet collaborated with MMOs should adopt the use of mobile money services on their platforms as it is highly reliable, accessible and reduces congestion in bank premises by customers who come to make transactions. This will help to boost financial performance in the banking industry.

Technical Report Column

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Examination Of The Relationship Between Academicians' Life Long Learning Tendencies And Thinking Styles

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and their thinking styles. Relational descriptive method was used in the research. All academicians working in higher education institutions in the 2022-2023 academic year were determined as the population of the research. After obtaining the necessary permissions, the scale was applied to a sample group of 1554 people, by reaching all universities by means of official letters and e-mails to the institutional e-mail addresses of the individuals. Personal Information Form, “Lifelong Learning Tendency Scale” and “Rational-Experiential Thinking Styles Scale” were used as data collection tools. The obtained data were transferred to the statistical package program. In the light of the sub-problems, it was examined whether the scale scores differed in terms of various variables (education level, academic title, field of science). The results were classified according to sociodemographic variables and presented in frequency tables. In accordance with the results obtained from the variables, Kruskal Wallis H test and Spearman-Brown Correlation Analysis were performed, and Mann Whitney U test was applied to determine the direction of the differences. Based on the findings, it was concluded that academicians have a high level of lifelong learning tendencies. While the lifelong learning tendencies of academicians differ according to the variables of educational status and field of science; did not differ according to academic title variables. It was concluded that the academicians' thinking styles levels were at a moderate level. The thinking styles of the academicians differed in terms of educational status, academic title and field of science variables. It has been concluded that the relationship between academicians' lifelong learning tendencies and thinking styles is at a significant level in terms of total and sub-dimension scores, generally below the medium level and in a positive direction.

USING PARADATA AND MANUAL REVIEW TO DETECT AUTOMATED ONLINE RESEARCH SURVEY PARTICIPATION

Abstract With an increase in health research recruitment on social media, there is also an increase in prevalence of software known as bots auto-enrolling in online studies. Despite efforts to prevent automated fraudulent enrollment, bots have become more sophisticated with some able to bypass a CAPTCHA and generate false email addresses. This session describes such fraudulent enrollment in one study and our efforts to detect it. For an online study of family caregivers of people with dementia, we recruited via family caregiver groups on Facebook. Potential participants could proceed to the online study and immediately answer screening questions and complete the study. A CAPTCHA was used to screen non-human respondents, but we detected rapid enrollment compared with other methods, raising suspicions. Paradata generated in the process of survey administration and unusual email addresses flagged suspected bot responses. To screen the responses, we reviewed the time to complete surveys compared with known human responses. We also noted email addresses that consisted of long alphanumeric usernames not common with most human respondents. After screening for suspicious respondents, we attempted to contact the email addresses of borderline cases to verify they were real respondents. Only one of 157 (0.006%) were determined to be a real respondent. Lessons learned from this experience include using paradata as part of data quality monitoring, using survey design methods to elude automated bots, and the value of researchers interacting with participants during enrollment.

Key Features of Smart Medication Adherence Products: Updated Scoping Review.

Older adults often face challenges in self-managing their medication owing to physical and cognitive limitations, complex medication regimens, and packaging of medications. Emerging smart medication dispensing and adherence products (SMAPs) offer the options of automated dispensing, tracking medication intake in real time, and reminders and notifications. A 2021 review identified 51 SMAPs owing to the rapid influx of digital technology; an update to this review is required. This review aims to identify new products and summarize and compare the key features of SMAPs. Gray and published literature and videos were searched using Google, YouTube, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. The first 10 pages of Google and the first 100 results of YouTube were screened using 4 and 5 keyword searches, respectively. SMAPs were included if they were able to store and allowed for the dispensation of medications, tracked real-time medication intake data, and could automatically analyze data. Products were excluded if they were stand-alone software applications, not marketed in English, not for in-home use, or only used in clinical trials. In total, 5 researchers independently screened and extracted the data. This review identified 114 SMAPs, including 80 (70.2%) marketed and 34 (29.8%) prototypes, grouped into 15 types. Among the marketed products, 68% (54/80) were available for consumer purchase. Of these products, 26% (14/54) were available worldwide and 78% (42/54) were available in North America. There was variability in the hardware, software, data collection and management features, and cost of the products. Examples of hardware features include battery life, medication storage capacity, availability of types and number of alarms, locking features, and additional technology required for use of the product, whereas software features included reminder and notification capabilities and availability of manufacturer support. Data capture methods included the availability of sensors to record the use of the product and data-syncing capabilities with cloud storage with short-range communications. Data were accessible to users via mobile apps or web-based portals. Some SMAPs provided data security assurance with secure log-ins (use of personal identification numbers or facial recognition), whereas other SMAPs provided data through registered email addresses. Although some SMAPs were available at set prices or free of cost to end users, the cost of other products varied based on availability, shipping fees, and subscription fees. An expanding market for SMAPs with features specific to at-home patient use is emerging. Health care professionals can use these features to select and suggest products that meet their patients' unique requirements.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea In An Indian Population: A Cross Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder, associated with impaired ventilation during sleep and disruption of sleep; which is defined on the basis of nocturnal and daytime symptoms as well as sleep study findings. It’s associated with certain risk factors, namely – obesity, male sex, advancing age, hypertension, chronic consumption of alcohol and sedatives, along with positive family history. Any unexplained systemic or pulmonary hypertension, new-onset arrhythmias, polycythemia, personality and mood changes (including depression, anxiety), or cognitive defects are often linked to sleep disturbances and OSA. AIMS: Consequently, this study had 2 primary aims that were intended to be achieved by certain objectives: To screen an apparently healthy adult Indian population for prevalence of OSA amidst them, by – assessing the cardinal predisposing factors;and appraising extent of daytime sleepiness, fatigue and sleep status of volunteers. To significantly curb the incidence of OSA, by – counselling affected individuals to remodel their modus vivendi, and creating awareness amongst general public. METHODS: Subsequent to procuring assent from the Institutional Ethics Committee, for this cross-sectional, time-based study (of 3 months), a multiple-choice questionnaire was responded by 1078 Indian adults. Considering the specific target population of each, this questionnaire was an amalgamation of the three standard, subjective, clinical tools, namely: Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), STOP-BANG Questionnaire (SBQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Responses were thoroughly and discretely analyzed, using the elementary Microsoft 365 Excel, in tandem with IBM SPSS ver29. Suggested appropriate lifestyle changes to those seemingly affected with OSA, by reaching out through the affiliated email address (thesleepperils@gmail.com). OSA Awareness campaigns organized for the general public. RESULTS: According to the data collected (margin of error ±3% at 95% confidence interval), 11.78% and 5.75% of the participants were found highly vulnerable to OSA, using the BQ and SBQ tools, respectively. ESS depicted that more than one-fourth of the participants are susceptible to OSA. In congruence with similar studies conducted across the globe, this research has also concluded that males are significantly more prone to OSA than females. CONCLUSION: The public health impact of obstructive sleep apnea is escalating, particularly in developing countries like India, because of increasing urbanization leading to sedentary lifestyles, and its potential contribution to the worsening rates of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and other co-morbidities. Identifying and addressing lifestyle and behavioral factors as well as comorbidities that may be exacerbating OSA, by budding clinicians is a must for a comprehensive management of obstructive sleep apnea. Consequently, the ultimate aim of this study was to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea at an early stage; along with analyzing the national burden of the ailment.

"We are still tired": staff and administrators’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic within California residential care facilities for older adults

BackgroundExtensive research has been conducted on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care workers in specialized care facilities. However, little is known about the impacts faced by facilities that provide generalized long-term support and care, such as residential care facilities for older adults (RCFs). This study describes the challenges experienced by staff and administrators of RCFs during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire collecting data using both closed- and open-ended questions on staff experiences was sent to 5,721 unique RCF administrator emails within the state of California between June-December 2021. Email addresses were obtained from the public database of RCFs available through the California Health and Human Services Open Data Portal. Descriptive statistics were calculated on quantitative data regarding staff preparedness training, access to resources, and administrators’ confidence in meeting recommended guidelines during the pandemic. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data regarding the confidence levels in meeting pandemic guidelines and challenges faced related to staff stress and morale.ResultsA total of 150 RCF administrators across California (response rate of 2.6%) completed the survey. Over three-fourths of respondents indicated their facilities had a designated staff member to train other staff members on emergency preparedness plans and the most frequently used resources during the COVID-19 pandemic were the Department of Social Services Community Care Licensing Division (88.7%), the county health department (86.7%), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (80.7%). Administrators felt least confident in their facilities’ ability to maintain adequate staffing (52.0%), communication with nearby hospitals (62.1%) and communication with state and local public health officials (69.8%) during the pandemic. Three central themes emerged from the thematic analysis on staff stress and morale: (1) physical safety, mental and emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) staffing issues; and (3) challenges with guidelines in managing the ongoing pandemic.ConclusionsFindings from this research study can be used to actively target training resources for facility administrators and staff that have been identified as most frequently used and relevant for emergency preparedness in these understudied facilities. Additionally, developing a better understanding of the staffing stress and morale difficulties in RCFs can provide insight on how policymakers can assist these critical facilities in better preparing for future crises.

E-mail as a way of communication during the ACWY meningococcal vaccination campaign in adolescents and young adults in the Region of Murcia

In 2019, ACWY meningococcal vaccination for people born between 2001 and 2007 was recommended. In Murcia, during the first 9 months, the coverage was 52.89%. This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of e-mail reminders on vaccination coverage.A longitudinal, prospective trial was performed on non-vaccinated individuals with e-mail addresses. An e-mail reminder was sent to people assigned to the intervention group (born in any month, except January and July), and 4 weeks later, the same was sent to the control group. Vaccination coverage was assessed before and 4 weeks after each intervention.After the first intervention, 5.15% of the participants in the intervention group were vaccinated (1.57% in the control group). The increased likelihood of being vaccinated if a person had been sent an e-mail was 1.033 (95% confidence interval, 1.019–1.047; p = 0.001).This study highlighted the impact of e-mail as an appropriate method of communication for vaccination programmes.

Training on Converting Theses to Articles and Adapting Journal Templets for Unima Sociology Education Students

Training of Conversion thesis to article is expected to make it easier for future students to complete a comprehensive test requirement where one of the conditions is to create an article based on a revised essay that will be published in a reputable journal. It is also to avoid students paying others to make the article so that students can make it independently. The aim of this service is to conduct training on Converting Theses to Articles and Adapting Journal Templates for Unima Sociology Education Students so that students can master these skills. The methods used in this activity include lectures, discussions, questions and answers and of course direct practice. After carrying out the training, it can be that several steps in implementing this training are as follows: 1. Make sure the thesis file plagiarism is low below 30%, 2. Open the thesis word file, 3. Open the published journal/journal article word template file, 4. First adjust the title, author, affiliation and email address, 5. Create an abstract in English and Indonesian, consisting of: a. Background/Aim, b. Research methods, c. Method of collecting data, d. Data analysis, e. Research result, 6. Copy and paste the following from the thesis into the article: a. Introduction, b. Methods (research methods, data collection techniques/methods, c. Data analysis), d. Results (Interviews, observations, documents) and Discussion (Following results/findings, theories, references, researchers' opinions), e. Conclusion, f. Bibliography

Nursing home nurses' opinions on the potential evolution of their role in antibiotic stewardship: A French national cross-sectional survey.

To assess French nursing home nurses' opinions on the potential evolution of their antibiotic stewardship role, facilitators and barriers, and nurses' characteristics associated with their opinion toward new roles regarding antibiotic prescribing. We conducted a cross-sectional study in French nursing homes with ≥20 beds and for which an email address was available in a national database managed by the French government between May and June 2022. A self-administered internet-based questionnaire of 43 closed-ended Likert items was sent to directors of eligible nursing homes by email asking them to forward the link to the questionnaire to the nurses and head nurses of their institution. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and χ2 tests. 7215 nursing homes were sent the online questionnaire; 1090 participants completed it partially or totally and 923 fully filled in the questionnaire. A majority of nurses supported strengthening and expanding their antibiotic stewardship role. Regarding new roles, over 70% agreed that nurses could collect urine samples to perform a urine culture on their own initiative, prescribe microbiological laboratory tests, and change the drug formulation or the administration route of the antibiotic prescribed by the general practitioner. One-third declared that they could initiate antibiotics for some infections and/or change the empirical antibiotic treatment prescribed by the general practitioner. Nurses from public nursing homes with connection to a hospital (27.5% vs. >35% for other status) and with recent experience in nursing homes (31% for <5 years of practice vs. 41% for 10 years or more) were less likely to agree to prescribe antibiotics. This quantitative questionnaire survey identified potential new nurses' roles in antibiotic stewardship that seem to be acceptable and feasible for participants. These new nurses' roles need to be explored in future experimentations before considering implementation. The study adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and followed the STROBE reporting guidelines. A self-administered internet-based questionnaire was sent to directors of eligible nursing homes by email asking them to forward the link to the questionnaire to the nurses and head nurses of their institution. Nurses and head nurses who were interested and willing could complete the questionnaire online partially or fully. This study is not a clinical trial and is not eligible for trial registration. We used another suitable study registration site, the Center for Open Science.

New medical schools in Sub-Saharan Africa –a cross-sectional survey of educational structures, operations, and policies

IntroductionAfrica does not have enough doctors despite having the highest continental burden of disease. Encouragingly, many new medical schools are opening and have begun to graduate doctors. However, the educational structures, operations, and policies of these schools remain poorly understood. This study aimed to better understand these dimensions of new medical schools on the continent.MethodologyWe developed and implemented an online survey covering topics that included admissions policies, curricular design, assessment, accreditation, faculty development, research capacity, postgraduate training, and COVID-19-specific challenges. The survey was sent to 130 schools of which 52 represented individually identifiable email addresses (the remainder being schools’ websites or generic addresses).ResultsResponses represented 10 countries (response rate ~ 56%). Curricula were mostly lecture-based (n = 18, 75%). Electronic platforms and information technologies were used by over 75% (n = 18) of schools. More than half have not implemented postgraduate training programs (n = 13, 57%). Most schools had a formal accreditation process (n = 16, 70%), but the source of accreditation varied. The biggest challenge facing schools was financial (n = 20, 87%) followed by faculty/staff recruitment, training, and retention (each n = 15, 65%).ConclusionNew medical schools in Sub-Saharan Africa are a gateway to the next generation of medical doctors in a region where medical professionals are desperately needed. This survey of new schools is an important step in better understanding their status and needs, especially with the onset of the pandemic.

Manifestations of life resistance of students medical psychologist National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya in the realities of the war time

Annotation. In article is devoted analysis of the viability of students medical psychologists in wartime conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of vitality of 50 medical psychologist students 1st and 2nd years of study in National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya in the period from February 2022 until February 2023. We used the Hardiness-Survey, adapted by D. O. Leontiev and O. 1. Rasskazova in 2006 and the author’s questionnaire in the form of a Google form, which was sent to respondents’ e-mail addresses. The questionnaire was anonymous and contained questions about age, gender, presence of a sense of security, contact with a psychiatrist or psychologist during the specified period with the aim of correcting the emotional state that worsened in connection with military operations and the probable intake of medications – because of this, the importance of influences during the specified period. “Test of vitality” by S. Muddy, modified by: D. O. Leontiev and O. I. Rasskazova includes the following subscales: involvement (setting on events that includes the following subscales: involvement (setting on the happening events), control (setting on activity in life events), risk-taking (setting in relation to difficult or new situations when they are considered as challenges and opportunities to gain experience) and general evaluation viability. The results of the study showed sufficiently high indicators of the average level of both general vitality among the surveyed students and its separate subscales of involvement, control and risk, which allows us to assert that the personal characteristics of students who are studying in the 1st and 2nd year of medical psychology at National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya managed to successfully overcome and adapt to changing influences and requirements of the environment against the background of personal growth and high professional productivity. It is promising to search for new methods of increasing the level of vitality in order to effectively overcome crisis situations and preserve health.

Paper mills: a novel form of publishing malpractice affecting psychology

We first describe the phenomenon of the academic paper mill, a kind of large-scale fraud in which authors pay to have work published in reputable journals. We give examples of some known paper mills and discuss ‘red flags’ that characterise their outputs. Most of the early examples were in biomedical and computational sciences and so paper mills are less familiar to many psychologists. In the next section, we describe a broker company/paper mill, Tanu.pro, discovered by the first author, which was identified by the use of fake email addresses. This paper mill placed six outputs in the Journal of Community Psychology, a reputable journal from a mainstream publisher. We look in detail at these papers and describe the features that confirm that malpractice was involved in publication. In five cases there was circumstantial evidence of tampering with the peer review process coupled with lack of editorial oversight. These papers have now been retracted. In a final section, we discuss the need for editors of psychology journals to be aware of potential targeting by paper mills and recommend editorial procedures to counteract these.

Identifying disability-related barriers to academic employment

ABSTRACTThis study sought to increase understanding on barriers to securing academic employment met by people with disabilities. Lindsay and Fuentes [2022. “It is Time to Address Ableism in Academia: A Systematic Review of the Experiences and Impact of Ableism among Faculty and Staff.” Disabilities 2 (2): 178–203] pointed out the paucity of research on disability in academia. We surveyed over 5,000 authors of scholarly articles with ‘disab’ in the title and with UK or USA academic email addresses. People with disabilities were asked to describe barriers they met, and people without disabilities to describe barriers they believed that people with disabilities faced. The responses were classified according to the category of barrier. We found examples of 11 categories of barrier, indicating that a wide range of factors contribute to barriers to academic employment. The most common categories of barrier in responses by people with disabilities were attitudinal barriers, inadequate provision of reasonable adjustment, and excessive workload. Moreover, the frequencies of categories of barrier vary greatly with impairment. We consider the possible ramifications of our study for addressing the barriers to academic employment, the understanding of the nature of disability and methodology. Our study is the first investigation of the relative frequencies of barriers to academic employment.