E-commerce Transactions Research Articles

Efforts to Improve Legal Protection for Consumers in Electronic Transactions

The field of business law is evolving rapidly, driven by technological advancements. As technology progresses, the law must also adapt to keep pace with the changing times. In Indonesia, the concept of online sales and purchase transactions (e-commerce) has begun to emerge, potentially leading to legal challenges. Consumer protection in Indonesia is governed by Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. This article will provide a brief discussion on consumer protection in e-commerce transactions and explore how Indonesia's legal framework regulates relevant consumer protection laws to address issues between consumers and businesses.

IMPACT OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY IN THE E-COMMERCE SECTOR

Blockchain technology is considered as a significant development after the invention of the internet. Blockchain technology records the transactions on database which are encrypted and distributed over many computer networks like a digital ledger of online transactions. This technology can be utilized in the e-commerce industry to develop a decentralized online buying and selling platform. E-commerce industry presently facing many unique challenges like security measures of the e-commerce system, transparency, and trust, efficiency, etc. These challenges can be answered by the implementation of blockchain technology in the e-commerce industry. This paper discussed opportunities for using blockchain technology in the e-commerce industry. Blockchain applications and opportunities are discussed for various aspects of e-commerce like Payment, Security, Supply chain, Work automation with Smart contract, Ethical practices for transparency in e-commerce transactions. The paper seeks to explore the possible uses of blockchain technology within the e-commerce sector.

Utilization of electronic transactions to increase non-tax state revenue in the telecommunications sector

The telecommunications sector is crucial in a country’s economy. The advancements in information and communication technology have had a significant impact on this sector, particularly in the electronic transactions domain. The utilization of electronic transactions in the telecommunications sector can yield substantial benefits, including increasing non-tax state revenue and economic development in Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has served as a catalyst for the sharp rise in internet usage and telecommunications services, such as work-from-home, distance learning, online shopping or payments, industrial digitization, telemedicine, and others. Consequently, digital transformation has accelerated, necessitating the equitable distribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Indonesia. The utilization of electronic transactions has directly contributed to the increase in state revenue from non-tax sector, particularly in the telecommunications sector. This can be observed through the continuous growth of non-tax revenue achieved by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, surpassing the set targets each year in terms of realized value. The objective of this research is to analyze the effectiveness, challenges, and impacts of electronic transactions in increasing non-tax state revenue, in order to generate policy recommendations in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method, analyzing positive legal provisions. Data sources were obtained from three types of legal materials, and data collection was conducted both online and offline. The research results indicate that the utilization of electronic transactions can increase non-tax state revenue in the telecommunications sector through various forms such as telecommunications bill payments, e-commerce transactions, sales of prepaid credit and data packages, telecommunications devices, digital services, content delivery, and transaction monitoring and oversight.

Cluster Analysis and Forecasting on Local Shoe Products: Case study for Ventela in Indonesia

Shoes are a secondary need that is in demand by all age groups. Each shoe brand has many models, which means a store must provide complete stock to meet consumer needs. The available models have different purchasing power or demand, which creates difficulties for stores in determining shoe products that are often sold and shoe products that are not in demand by customers. The data used in cluster formation includes three variables recorded and collected from e-commerce transactions, namely Number of Visitors, Number of Buyers, and Total Sales. Based on these variables, Ventela shoe models are grouped into three clusters, namely low-selling, normal and best-selling. Next, the variable number of transactions for Ventela shoe models in the best-selling cluster is taken to be predicted using the Exponential Smoothing method. The forecasts obtained are used to determine future demand to maximize profits. Based on the results of the clustering analysis, it was found that the number of shoe models included in the best-selling cluster was six, including (1) Ventela Ethnic Low All Black, (2) Ventela Ethnic Low Black Natural, (3) Ventela Public Low Black Natural, (4) Ventela Public Low Cream, (5) Ventela Republic Low Black Natural, and (6) Ventela Republic Low White. Referring to the sample of this study, which only spanned less than three years, several shoe models produced a forecast value of zero. It means, based on the forecast results for the next 12 months, there may be no sales.

Impact of digital financial inclusion on economic growth: a study on Bangladesh

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to find out the impact of Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) on economic growth [(Industrial Production Index (INDP)] of Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachUsing the monthly data over the period 2018 M12 to 2021 M12, this study applied the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to assess the effect of DFI indicators on INDP. The secondary data was collected from the Bangladesh Bank and CEIC Global Economic Data.FindingsThe study found that the majority of DFI indicators are positively associated with INDP. From the short-run ARDL, it is seen that one unit positive increase in Point of Sales Transactions (POST) can increase the INDP by 0.055 units. From the long-run ARDL, it is seen that POST and e-commerce transactions (ECOMT) have a significant positive impact, while Automated Teller Machine Transactions (ATMT) have a significant negative effect on INDP. One unit increase in POST and ECOMT increases INDP by 0.13544 and 0.11611 units, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsDuring the era of the fourth industrial revolution, the findings will be beneficial for policymakers, financial technology service providers, manufacturers, consumers, corporations and investors as they pave the way for a more inclusive approach to financial transactions for economic growth.Originality/valueThe study’s novelty is that it explored the influential DFI indicators and shed light on both short-run and long-run relationships between the indicators and macro-economy from the context of a developing nation.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-04-2023-0306

Blockchain and AI Technology Convergence: Applications in E-Commerce

The discovery of blockchain technology is considered capable of increasing data and transaction security. Everything recorded cannot be altered or changed retrospectively, making blockchain secure. Blockchain technology and artificial intelligence can be applied to various aspects, but this research review focuses on blockchain technology and artificial intelligence for e-commerce. E-commerce is buying or selling goods or services via a computer network. Currently, e-commerce has developed so rapidly that it has diverse business models and a variety of goods and services offered. E-commerce makes it easy to carry out transactions, but apart from all this, there are security problems in e-commerce transactions. This research aims to help future research by reviewing, organizing, analyzing, and synthesizing the application of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence to e-commerce. The method used in this research adopted the Kitchenham literature review method, which consists of three stages: planning, implementing, and reporting the review. The collection of articles is distilled into relevant articles about developments in blockchain technology and artificial intelligence for e-commerce. The results of this research are in the form of a summary of predictions that the use of blockchain in e-commerce will increase secure data related to transactions and feedback in e-commerce.

The fading social trust capital due to cybercrime in e-commerce transactions in Indonesia: the perspective of the electronic information and transaction law

Trade through electronic systems (e-commerce) is a prominent innovation of this current era. The growth of e-commerce in Indonesia is the highest in the world. Even so, there are threats to security in e-commerce due to cybercrimes, especially system interference. This leads to society’s fading trust to e-commerce businesses as a social capital. The Indonesian government has carried out efforts to prevent and handle cybercrimes through stipulations of the Law on Electronic Information and Transaction. Unfortunately, cybercrimes, especially disturbances to the electronic system, still rampantly happen Therefore, this research focuses on how far the Indonesian Law on Electronic Information and Transaction can reach that cybercrime. This was normative legal research which was a form of doctrinal legal research. It employed a data searching method in the form of library research, i.e., studying primary and secondary legal sources and analyzing them using the descriptive qualitative method with deductive logic. Results of this research showed that the Indonesian Law on Electronic Information and Transaction which keeps on experiencing amendments has not reached cybercrimes, especially crimes related to disturbances to the electronic system (system interference). It is not yet effective in guaranteeing the security of e-commerce transactions, leading to the fading of trust as a social capital. The amendment of the Law on Electronic Information and Transaction must be followed with the amendment of its implementing laws. Society must also be introduced to the importance of the Indonesian Law on Electronic Information and Transaction through massive and intensive education programs.

Impact of service innovation on consumer repurchase intentions - based on the intermediary role of live streaming and industry chain management

Service innovation significantly influences consumer repurchase intention through live streaming and industry chain management. Despite this impact, within the realm of cross-border commerce, e-commerce entities have often neglected to scrutinize the nexus between service innovation and consumer repurchase intention, resulting in a dearth of scholarly investigations on this subject. Accordingly, this study endeavors to establish a coherent conceptual framework elucidating the relationship between service innovation and consumer repurchase intention; Employing live streaming and industry chain management as mediating variables, the research conducts a comprehensive examination and analysis. One questionnaire was administered: Questionnaire was disseminated to 606 consumers engaged in cross-border e-commerce transactions. Utilizing SPSS26, questionnaire underwent correlation and multiple regression analyses. Findings underscore a positive correlation between service innovation and consumer repurchase intention. Moreover, service innovation exhibits a favorable association with live streaming and industry chain management, thereby exerting a positive influence on consumer repurchase intention. Consequently, service innovation plays a pivotal role in enhancing consumer repurchase intention, particularly when mediated by live streaming and industry chain management.

The impact of informational antecedents on Generation Z consumers’ evaluations of cross-border e-commerce transaction costs and purchase decisions

The impact of informational antecedents on Generation Z consumers’ evaluations of cross-border e-commerce transaction costs and purchase decisions

Legal Analysis of E-Commerce Transactions Based on the ITE Law and Consumer Protection Law in Indonesia

This research aims to find out how the legal position of the parties in the implementation of online arisan and to find out how legal protection for online arisan members who are harmed due to default. The research method used is normative research method. The purpose of this method is to identify legal principles, legal rules, and expert opinions to answer issues related to legal problems, such as the legality of online arisan agreements according to the Civil Code and legal protection for online arisan members in the event of default by one of the parties. From the research conducted, the author obtained the following results: First, the legal position in online arisan consists of the arisan owner as the first party, arisan members as the second party, and the admin or arisan assistant as the third party. If there is a default during the implementation of online arisan, the aggrieved party can choose to resolve the problem through family channels. If the family route is unsuccessful, then dispute resolution must be pursued through legal channels in court by submitting a subpoena. Although the online arisan agreement is unwritten, the agreement is still considered valid. Second, legal protection for online arisan members includes preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection for online arisan members is regulated in Article 28 paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2016 Concerning the Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008, which regulates prohibited acts in electronic transactions, as well as Article 1320 and Article 1338 of the Civil Code, which regulates the provisions of the agreement so that it can be implemented properly. Meanwhile, repressive legal protection is regulated in Article 45 to Article 52 of Law Number 19 of 2016, which regulates sanctions for violation of provisions, as well as Article 1243 of the Civil Code, which discusses compensation due to default.

An updated survey of attended home delivery and service problems with a focus on applications

AbstractThe research field of Attended Home Delivery (AHD) and Attended Home Service (AHS) problems has experienced fast growing interest in the last two decades, with the rapid growth of online platforms and e-commerce transactions. The radical changes in consumer lifestyles and habits as well as the COVID-19 pandemic contingency have reinforced that interest, raising further challenges and opportunities that need to be addressed by innovative methodologies and policies. The aim of this work is to provide an extensive literature review on the state of the art for AHD and AHS problems, with a particular focus on real-world applications. A discussion of promising future research directions is also provided.

The Influence of Artificial Intelligence on the Automation of Processes in Electronic Commerce

This study explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on automating business processes in electronic commerce (e-commerce), with a focus on enhancing efficiency and customer experience. The research employs Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) as primary analytical tools to process and analyze data from e-commerce transaction records and customers’ browsing histories. Techniques such as data preprocessing, normalization, sentiment analysis, and advanced predictive models using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are utilized. Data collection was conducted using web scraping tools like Beautiful Soup and Scrapy, along with APIs from Amazon and Google. The application of AI in e-commerce has led to significant improvements in inventory control, fraud prevention, and customer relations. ML algorithms have enhanced the estimation of product demand and personalized customer interactions, while DL has strengthened product recommendation systems and fraud detection mechanisms. The findings indicate that AI contributes to a more secure, faster, and smarter operational environment in e-commerce. This research highlights the substantial benefits and broad potential of AI in optimizing e-commerce operations, demonstrating that the integration of advanced AI technologies not only streamlines transactions but also reinforces platforms against fraudulent activities.

Legal Implications Arising from the Stage of Negotiation through Electronic Means

This research aimed at investigating the legal implications arising from the stage of negotiation via electronic means. It specifically aimed to highlight the obligations associated with negotiation stage. Moreover, it ventured to identify the consequences of breaching the obligations agreed upon in this stage. The descriptive analytical method was used and the findings reflected that the stage of negotiation via electronic means leads to the conclusion of the contract. Furthermore, breach of these obligations requires compensation by the person causing the damage. It was also found that the Jordanian legislator did not address the electronic negotiation process in e-commerce transactions. Rather, the legislator regulated it in general by Law No. 85 of 2001, replaced by Law No. 15 of 2015. The study recommends that the Jordanian legislator include legal texts in the Electronic Business Transactions Law, so as to address the electronic negotiation stage.

Chinese Digital Economy: Current Situations, Problems, and Recommendations

The rapid development of the digital economy is transforming global business models and social interactions. By 2025, global e-commerce transactions are anticipated to reach $6.86 trillion, underlining the importance of the digital economy as a major force for economic expansion. China's digital economy, having reached RMB 50.2 trillion in 2023 and comprising 41.5% of its GDP, is notably advancing, catalyzing the transformation of traditional industries and fostering new business models. Significant investments in digital infrastructure such as 5G, big data centers, AI, and the industrial internet underscore China's commitment to technological innovation. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including talent shortages, data security, and privacy concerns, as well as the digital divide. Addressing these issues involves enhancing digital talent training and introduction, improving data security regulations, and promoting coordinated regional development. This study is of great practical value in guiding policy formulation, optimizing resource allocation, and promoting the inclusive application of digital technologies, which will help promote the healthy and rapid development of China's digital economy, ensure that all levels of society can benefit from the advancement of the digital economy, and achieve comprehensive economic and social transformation and upgrading.

The Role of Brand Equity Mediates The Influence of Endorser Credibility and Brand Experience on Wardah Product Purchase Intention

The use of e-commerce in trade has had a big impact on Indonesian society, especially in terms of very important legal issues. Legal protection in e-commerce is crucial to protect consumers who make buying and selling transactions via the internet. This development is driven by high demand and acceptance from the public, as evidenced by the emergence of various online stores such as Kaskus, Tokopedia, Bukalapak, Shopee, and Lazada. Rapid advances in technology have changed the method of buying and selling from physical stores to online transactions via the internet. E-commerce, as an information technology innovation, allows consumers to make transactions with just the touch of a finger without having to leave the house. However, the variety of e-commerce platforms available increases the potential for legal issues in online transactions. This research aims to understand how to legally protect consumers and help them if losses occur in e-commerce transactions. The method used is a normative approach, by reviewing literature and secondary data related to consumer legal protection in e-commerce transactions.

The Key Factors for Improving Returns Management in E-Commerce in Indonesia from Customers’ Perspectives—An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

The rapid growth of e-commerce has led to an increase in the number of product returns in supply chains, which is both environmentally and economically challenging. E-commerce companies need to effectively manage product returns, as this has a direct impact on their reputation and consumer experience. Reducing returns is key to maintaining sustainable practices for online product sales. A significant increase in e-commerce transactions is also evident in Indonesia, which is the fourth largest country in the world. Despite the very large size of the market, research on e-commerce in the business-to-customer (B2C) market in Indonesia is underrepresented in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to identify key factors from the customer perspective that influence product returns in reverse logistics in Indonesian e-commerce. The novelty of this study stems from the focus on the customer perspective on product returns in the B2C market when shopping online and the spatial scope. Due to the uncertainty inherent in multi-criteria decision making, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used to rank factors and potential solutions derived from a critical literature review. As a result, the study provides a ranking of factors and alternatives for managing e-commerce returns in Indonesia. The results show that among Indonesian e-commerce customers, product quality (QP) was rated the highest, while (Pu) was rated the lowest. In terms of the alternatives that are the most suitable for improving the customer experience of e-commerce product returns in Indonesia, a clear returns policy (CRP) scored the highest, while the merchandise catalog (Cat) was rated as the lowest priority.

Digital HRM with Machine Learning Approach

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how modern resource management resolves conventional challenges in that area. Computing technology with all its specific application variants will help human performance in HR management in the contemporary era. The rapid advancement of technology and digitalization has presented a digital economy characterized by business and the trade transactions based on technology. This study aims to analyze the influence of the digital economy as measured by the Value of Electronic Money Transactions and the Value of E-Commerce Transactions on Indonesia’s economic growth. This research method is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach. The data sources used are journal manuscripts, books, and other sources that are in accordance with the theme of this study. The data will be elaborated to get the construction of relevant thoughts and reflect an adequate analysis of computers and human resource management in this modern era. The results of the study are computing is able to carry out administrative tasks automatically; computing is able to increase employee engagement; computing can help improve the recruitment and orientation process; computing can help ensure compliance; and computing can help drive data-driven decision making.

Legality of Electronic Contracts in the Context of Good Faith Principle Application in E-Commerce Transactions within the Modern Economy: A Review Based on Wilstheorie

Seeing the many facilities provided by E-commerce, especially related to electronic contracts, legal problems arise from the side of civil law related to the validity of the agreement and the legal relationship of the parties. This research aims to determine the validity of electronic contracts from the perspective of the application of the principle of good faith in e-commerce transactions in the context of modern economics according to Wilstheorie. Electronic contracts are the result of advances in technology and information, where buying and selling transactions are carried out online through electronic media. The provisions regarding the legal requirements and legal force of electronic contracts in the laws governing electronic transactions are still uncertain. Electronic contracts are often made in a standardized contract format, where the clauses made do not pay attention to the application of the principle of good faith and applicable laws and regulations. Wilstheorie emphasizes the importance of moral and intellectual agreements with integrity and honesty and has an important role in shaping social structures that are not only fair but also sustainable. The research method used in this scientific work is normative juridical research method. The results of this study state that Wilstheorie about standard contracts is an agreement or contract based on a shared understanding of the values and principles that underlie common life in society with integrity and honesty. This concept emphasizes the importance of moral and intellectual agreements in shaping a fair and sustainable social order.

Legal Protection for Consumers for Providing Digital Electronic Transaction Services

In this increasingly advanced era of globalization, all human activities are aimed at being carried out efficiently and easily. With the growing use of the internet in the trade sector, there has been a shift in the relationship between sellers and buyers; they are becoming increasingly separated as they only interact through the internet without direct meetings. It also raises several legal issues related to the protection of transactions conducted on e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. However, the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK) and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UUITE) have provided a sufficient legal framework to protect consumers in e-commerce transactions, as outlined in various provisions in both laws.

Consumer Behavior in Online Shopping: A Comparative Analysis of Generational Differences

The consumer behavior in online shopping across different generations, focusing on Millennials, Generation X, and Baby Boomers. With the proliferation of e-commerce platforms, understanding how generational cohorts engage with online shopping is crucial for businesses aiming to effectively target and cater to diverse consumer preferences. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, this comparative analysis explores factors influencing online purchase decisions, including trust in online retailers, perceived risks, shopping motivations, and preferences for digital payment methods. variations in consumer behavior among generational cohorts. Millennials, characterized by their digital proficiency and preference for convenience, exhibit a higher propensity for online shopping and are more likely to embrace emerging technologies such as mobile commerce and social media influencers. In contrast, Generation X consumers prioritize product reviews and brand reputation when making online purchases, emphasizing trust and reliability in e-commerce transactions. Baby Boomers, while increasingly adopting online shopping for convenience, express concerns about data security and prefer traditional payment methods.