E-coli Bacteria Research Articles

Iminothiophenol Schiff base-based fluorescent probe for dual detection of Hg2+ and Cr3+ ions and its application in real sample analysis

A new diphenylimidazole based fluorescent probe bearing the 2-aminothiophenol moiety (5) was designed and synthesised, which is showing dual-sensing behaviour for Hg2+ and Cr3+ ions in semi-aqueous CH3CN-H2O (8:2, v/v) solution and was successfully utilised to detect both analytes in environmental water samples. In addition, fluorescence bio-imaging in E-coli bacteria was also done. Upon addition of Hg2+ and Cr3+ ions, probe 5 showed 59 nm blue shift in fluorescence emission (from 494 to 435 nm). The analytical limit of detection was estimated to be 6 nM for Hg2+ and 1.96 nM for Cr3+, respectively. The detection of Hg2+ and Cr3+ by probe 5 is due to ion-induced complex formation with imine nitrogen (–CHN)). Moreover, thiol (-SH) moiety of 5 is also helping in the complex formation and the binding mode was proposed as 1:1 stoichiometric between Hg2+/Cr3+ ions and probe 5. Most importantly, compound 5 is a pH-independent fluorescent probe in the wide pH range of 6.0 to 12.0, and it can be used as a probe for dual sensing of Hg2+ and Cr3+ ions in primary conditions. These results imply new possibilities for constructing a new colorimetric and ratiometric response with a blue-shift in absorption and emission spectra of sensor 5.

E-coli Bacterial Pollution Test Results in Mineral Water As a Learning Media for Electronic Practicum Instructions

The contamination test determines the microbiological contamination contained, does not exceed the limit of provisions to be able to determine the quality and safety of raw materials, because high microbiological contamination can endanger health. An example of microbiology is the bacterium Eschericia coli. E-coli is usually found in the feces of living things carried by the flow of water sources until it is absorbed by the soil. If the water source is used as drinking water by the community without going through a processing process and still contains e-coli bacteria. In this modern era, information is easily obtained through online and in the learning process. Learning will be more interesting if the learning media presented are varied. The following research is a development research that aims to determine the feasibility of electronic practicum instruction media. Media development uses a 4D model, with quantitative research data types obtained from scores and qualitative data obtained from suggestions. The results obtained from media experts are 84% Very Worthy, while material experts are 75% with proper criteria. The results obtained indicate that the media is feasible to be developed.

Synthesis of TiO2@ZnO heterojunction for dye photodegradation and wastewater treatment

The presented work aims to synthesis and engineering a semiconductor-semiconductor (S–S) heterojunction with low bandgap energy. The synthesized material composed mainly from titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) as a photocatalytic nanoparticle (NPs). This strategy could highly enhance photo-degradation properties and antibacterial properties for wastewater treatment. A composite cellulose acetate CA@TiO2 NPs (CTO) was fabricated via electrospinning technique to generate a core TiO2 NPs within a polymeric matrix followed by immersion in ZnO NPs suspension solution to deposit ZnO NPs on the nanofiber surface (CTZO). Subsequently, the composite mat was subjected to a calcination/annealing process at 700 °C for 4 h to obtain composite S–S heterojunction nanostructure material (TZO). The morphological characteristics, thermal degradation, chemical composition, and phase structure of the synthesis material were investigated. In addition, antibacterial properties were evaluated using E-coli bacteria, whereas the photocatalytic degradation efficiency was performed using both methylene blue (MB) and methylene red (MR) dyes under direct sunlight. The morphological properties showed that TiO2 NPs was well decorated with ZnO NPs and form heterojunction structure. The resulted (TZO) has high antibacterial effect and showed a 15±0.8 mm of inhibition zone in gram (-ve) Bactria comparing to that of ZnO NPs (12±0.2) mm. Furthermore, photocatalytic degradation of the composite NPs showed high photodegradation properties close to 25% and 13% for MB and MR dyes in direct sunlight, respectively. The increased dye photodegradation is attributed to the formation of S–S heterojunction structure with low bandgap energy (1.17 eV) comparing to that of wide band gap energy (3.52 eV) of TiO2 that play role in enhancement of electron transfer and thus photodegradation process. These results suggest that the resulted S–S heterojunction nanomaterial have a high potential in wastewater application.

A new furan based fluorescent chemosensor for the recognition of Cr3+ ion and its application in real sample analysis

A new 5-(furan-2-yl)-7, 8, 13, 14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,i]phenanthridine (4a) was designed and synthesized for the highly selective determination of Cr3+ over other examined metal ions in semi-aqueous medium. The sensor probe 4a displays significant colorimetric and fluorometric recognition of Cr3+ ion due to the coordination of chromium ion to the electron rich furan oxygen atom and pyridine nitrogen atom of 4a, which induces intramolecular charge transfer character. Compound 4a, on adding Cr3+, exhibited excellent advantages such as high blue emission, fast response time (30 s) and low detection limit (142 nM). The binding mechanism of 4a with Cr3+ was established by FTIR analysis, 1H NMR titration experiment, HRMS and Job’s plot analysis. Inspired by these considerable sensing properties, compound 4a has been successfully applied for detection of Cr3+ in environmental water samples and fluorescence bio-imaging in E-coli bacteria with satisfactory results.

Expert System Diagnosing Escherichia Coli (E-Coli) Bacteria in Refill Drinking Water with Certainty Factor Method

Maybe drinking water that is bought and consumed looks clean and clear like drinking water in general, but behind the clean and clear drinking water, the community cannot know what is contained in it. Cheap and affordable prices may be one reason people choose refill water from existing drinking water depots. No matter where the drinking water comes from, the most important thing is that daily drinking needs are met. Many depots that have sprung up at this time do not include a letter from the local health office stating that drinking water is suitable for consumption. Expensive costs and very difficult affairs make drinking water depot owners ignorant of the most important things that must be owned.

A cost-effective approach to synthesize NiFe2O4/MXene heterostructures for enhanced photodegradation performance and anti-bacterial activity

A cost-effective ultrasonication approach was employed to synthesize NiFe2O4/MXene heterostructures. The as-synthesized heterostructures demonstrated outstanding photodegradation performance and anti-bacterial activity as compared to individual NiFe2O4 (NiFe) or MXene. The NiFe nanoparticles (NPs) helped in effectively preventing the re-stacking of MXene flakes and in increasing the surface area of the heterostructure. The obtained sheet-sheet linkage provided an admirable opportunity for excellent wastewater treatment and antibacterial activity. The photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by the introduced photocatalyst NiFe/MXene heterostructures has been observed to be about 4 and 6.72 times boosted compared to MXene and NiFe, respectively. Furthermore, the heterostructure materials demonstrated outstanding anti-bacterial activity against gram negative E-coli bacteria, while the mechanism of methylene blue dye degradation by NiFe/MXene was clarified through kinetic studies of the degradation process. We hope this work will be considered a significant scientific contribution for young researchers dealing with water desalination.

Performance application of ultraviolet disinfection technique for raw water

Microbial water disinfection with UV rays is a universal technology. Disinfection is a method used to treat drinking water. This can be accomplished using physical and/or chemical processes. Physical Methods: Heating and UV rays are two main methods - UV rays to destroy cells and kill bacteria. The physical process generally gives drinking water an instant purification without producing harmful substances. However, there is no pollution in the water to ensure continuous cleaning. This study’s primary goal is to obtain environmentally safe drinking water in situations of water shortages and homes that lack clean water. Therefore, resort to appropriate home treatment. Therefore, an experimental laboratory has been established to test the ceramic filter’s efficiency in removing turbidity and plankton and everything that would change the properties of drinking water. Thus, several stages in water purification are shortened, as in the case of water treatment plants. To determine the efficiency of UV sterilization in killing bacteria, especially fecal coliform bacteria and E-coli bacteria. Work has taken place by taking samples of river water near Al Wahda water treatment plant. This technique works on water according to special criteria before entering the sterilizer. A commercially available ceramic filter was used for this. The ceramic filter is excellent at reducing turbidity with removal efficiency (96 ∼ 97%), suspended solids removal efficiency (99 ∼ 100%), iron removal efficiency (100%), bacteria removal efficiency (45 ∼ 50 %) which is good removal rate because it is a commercial filter. The efficiency of the UV sterilizer in killing bacteria reached (100%). This technique is very excellent as it does not produce secondary substances and does not change color, taste, or smell.

Antibacterial Activity of Eco Friendly Biologically Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were prepared using ecofriendly simple method that employs the extract of Syzygium Aromaticum (clove buds) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The prepared CuONPs were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and EDS techniques to study their morphological and compositional properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis shows the presence of different functional groups at various positions. Morphological studies were used to study the shape and size of the synthesized nanoparticles. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDx) attests the high intense metallic peak of copper (Cu) and low intense peaks of carbon (C), oxygen (O), chlorine (Cl) and phosphorus (P) elements due to the capping action of biomolecules of bud extract in used in CuONPs formation. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized CuONPs against gram – ve microorganisms viz. E-Coli, Salmonella and Enterobacter bacteria was studied. The produced CuONPs show resistance to the three types of bacteria with greatest resistance to E-Coli followed by Salmonella and then Enterobacter.

The effect of Ag substitution on physicochemical and biological properties of sol-gel derived 60%SiO2–31%CaO–4%P2O5–5%Li2O (mol%) quaternary bioactive glass

In the present study, bioactive glasses (BGs) in 60SiO2-(31-x) CaO–4P2O5–5Li2O-xAg2O systems (x = 0, 1, 5, and 10 mol %) with optimum fixed amount of Li2O (5 mol %) were successfully synthesized through sol-gel technique and the effects of Ag2O addition on in-vitro investigations, biological properties, and bactericidal efficiency were evaluated. Structural and morphological evaluations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that BG with chemical composition of 60SiO2–30CaO–4P2O5–5Li2O–1Ag2O (mol%) had a higher rate of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation than other synthesized specimens. While, BGs containing 5 and 10 mol% of Ag had a lower bioactivity because of the reduced dissolution rate of Si and Ca. The results obtained from the 3-(4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and evaluation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity exhibited that proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells and osteoblastic activity were intensified by the presence of Ag in the BGs҆ composition. Meanwhile, BGs containing 1 mol% of Ag not only had no toxic effect on the cells, but also caused a significant enhancement in proliferation and differentiation of the cells within 7 days (**p < 0.01), as well as the highest ALP activity in this specimen (*p < 0.05). Additionally, all the synthesized specimens had significant antibacterial efficiency against E-coli bacteria. Our results showed that addition of 1 mol% of Ag to BG containing Li led to a significant antibacterial efficiency compared to the control (*p < 0.05). Afterwards, DAPI/actin and live/dead cell staining methods were applied, which well confirmed results of MTT assay. Finally, BG with chemical composition (LA01) of 60SiO2–30CaO–4P2O5–5Li2O–1Ag2O was introduced as an optimal novel co-doped BG in biomedical applications due to causing higher differentiation and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and more increase in ALP activity and bactericidal efficiency.

Electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers incorporating caffeic acid/cyclodextrins through the supramolecular assembly for antibacterial activity

Here, we prepared the solid inclusion complexes between Caffeic acid (CA) and Cyclodextrins (β- and γ-CDs) (CA/CDs) that were effectively embedded into Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) electrospun nanofibers via electrospinning technique to enhanced solubility and antibacterial activity. In tested Cyclodextrins are β-and γ-CDs with CA in the ratio of 1:1 resulting in the formation of CA/CDs by co-precipitation method. The physical properties of CA/CDs were examined by FT-IR, UV, and Raman Spectroscopy. The phase solubility test showed a much higher solubility of CA due to inclusion complexes (ICs). Furthermore, CA/β-CD and CA/γ-CD perfected achieved 0.70:1 and 0.80:1 the molar ratio of ICs, confirmed by NMR studies. The fiber size distribution, average diameter, and morphology features were evaluated by SEM analysis. The dissolution profile of PVA/CA and PVA/CA/CDs were tested within 150 min, resulting in CA dissolved in PVA/CA/CDs slightly higher than PVA/CA nanofibers due to enhanced solubility of ICs. Moreover, PVA/CA/CDs exhibit high antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria of E-Coli and gram-negative bacteria of S. aureus. Finally, these results suggest that PVA/CA/CDs may be promising materials for active food packaging applications.

The Photoelectric Behavior and Antimicrobial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Deposition for Dental Implants

This work presents a pilot study on the photoelectric effect of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) deposited on grade 4 titanium discs on their antimicrobial properties, especially for dental implants applications. The prepared specimens are characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy to ensure a homogenous coverage of the TiO2 material on the discs. The samples were further tested to outline the photoelectric response of titanium dioxide to ultraviolet radiation in the form of electrical current within the discs. Six discs (three bare Ti, and three coated with TiO2) were seeded with a 5 μl of Escherichia coli culture. One disc of each group was subjected to the same UV light source used for the opto-electrical analysis for 0, 1 or 5 minutes. Bacteria on the discs were then harvested and incubated to examine number of viable cells. The obtained electrical properties confirmed the suitability of the surface-coating to provide simultaneous oxidation-reduction driven reactions under the photoinduced catalytic activity. This activity highlighted the benefits of the added TiO2 layer in reducing the numbers of active E-Coli bacteria in a microbial setup by as much as 21% after 5 minutes of UV exposure. This photoelectrical effect has a profound impact on the development of an in-situ oral disinfectant material deposited on titanium-based dental implants.

Pengolahan dan Pemanfaatan Limpahan Air Sungai Sahang sebagai Air Bersih Untuk Keperluan Laboratorium Teknik Kimia Jurusan Teknik Kimia Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya

Clean water is the primary need of living things because water plays an important role in the process of life. The quality of raw water from various sources has different quality and quantity characteristics, which means that not all regions have a clean water supply that can be processed into water suitable for consumption in accordance with clean water standards that meet clean water requirements. Therefore, in processing and utilizing overflow of Sahang River water, the WTP (Water Treatment Plant) system is to remove metals, organic substances and bacteria in accordance with clean water quality standards of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The stages in the processing and utilization of the Sahang River water overflow are preliminary analysis of samples in the intake, sedimentation and reservoir tanks. Then to ensure the results of processing and utilization of the Sahang river water overflow, we took a comparative sample, namely PDAM Tirta Musi Palembang water. Analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters. In the analysis test, the physical parameters of clean water include temperature, color, turbidity, dissolved solids (TDS), smell and taste. In the analysis of clean water chemical parameters, including pH, hardness, chloride, organic substances, ammonia, sulfate, nitrite, nitrate, chromium, cadmium, iron, manganese, copper, aluminum, zinc and lead. Meanwhile, the biological parameter analysis test includes the analysis of E-Coli bacteria. The results of the water quality analysis test for WTP (Water Treatment Plant) have been proven to comply with SNI quality standards for clean water with the optimum results obtained in the addition of a coagulant with a concentration of 75 ppm. However, there are parameters that have decreased and increased levels in each type of parameter such as parameters Turbidity (4.27 NTU), pH (7.01), TDS (24.1 ppm), NaCl (49.7 ppm), DO ( 6.95 ppm), Conducto (1.6211 µs) and hardness (13.29 ppm), but it is still within the standard of clean water quality, which means that the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) system is proven to be implemented especially for water purposes. Laboratory of the Department of Chemical Engineering, State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya and generally for the needs of the community at an economical price and good quality

Formation of multifunctional ZrO2–MgO-hBN nanocomposite for enhanced bone regeneration and E coli bacteria filtration applications

Due to adequate properties, bone implant materials have attracted much attention to repair the large-sized bone fractures which cannot be auto-healed. Recently, three-dimensional (3-D) nanocomposites were synthesized using two-dimensional (2-D) materials which reveals unexpected performances. In the present study, 3-D mesoporous biocomposites were developed for bone/dental implant applications. A ternary novel biocomposite system ZrO2–MgO-hBN was fabricated with low density, high strength, and mesoporous interconnected architecture using conventional bottom-up synthesis method. Due to remarkable stability in different fluids such as water, minimum essential medium eagle-alpha modification (α-MEM), acids and oils, the fabricated biocomposites displayed multifunctional activities along with suitable proliferation of osteoblast like MG63 cell and filtration of Escherichia coli (E-coli) bacteria from the water. Moreover, the biocomposite exhibited protective nature from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A new phase of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) in the form of highly porous nanotubes was observed that opens the new possibility to optimize the synthesis of porous h-BN nanotubes to explore their further applications. Therefore, based on mechanical, tribological and biological performances, the nanocomposite is a biomimetic material having potential as bone/dental implant and can be used for multifunctional applications.

Water-inquiry learning model development (an empirical experience of the Brantas River)

In the east Java, Brantas River is the one of the longest river. The river flows as far as 320 km with an area of 12,000 km2 across ten cities until the coast of Java sea. The potential of surface water of the Brantas river is about 12 billion m3 which is utilized by 14 million (40%) of East Java population as the main source of raw water of domistic consumption, agricultural irrigation, health, industry, electric energy, recreation, and fishery. However, since the era of 80’s, the river water condition has decreased its quality significantly. Turbidity of water in the upstream part of the river in the range of 14-18 mg/l exceeds the maximum turbidity of 5 mg/l, the pollution of mercury heavy metals at some sites reaches 0.09 mg/L or 90 times of the standard of drinking water. E-coli bacteria in water samples in the downstream region reached 64,000 bacterial/100 ml cells above the standard 1,000 bacterial/100 ml cells. The pollutions have an impact on the health quality of river banks or flood plain. About 2-4% of children aged and adolescents have cancer. Based on the observation, there are 68 schools atleast that is located at the long side of the river with the number of students more than 8000 person. They are potential generations to maintain the quality of river water in the present and future. Therefore, to cultivate their skills and awareness on the importance of maintaining water quality since 1997 was established communication network for monitoring water quality agency was named Jaring-Jaring Komunikasi Pemantau Kualitas Air (JKPKA). In the move, the agency cooperates with PT Perum Jasa Tirta I as the autonomy board of Brantas River management as the main funder. This paper aims to describe the roles of the JKPKA in involving students to monitore Brantas river water quality that has been going on 20 years more. For the involvement of students in monitoring water quality, JKPKA developed a scientific, cooperative, contextual, and constructive learning model was mentioned Water Inquiry (WI). There are five steps of the model: (1) Formation of cooperative group, (2) Field observation, (3) Data analysis and discussion, (4) Communication, and (5) Evaluation and reflection. For 20 years, since 1997-2017, JKPKA has involved more than 4300 students and 60 teachers to monitor the water quality of Brantas river with Water Inquiry method. In the future be recommended that the JKPKA can be developed into river schools for more systematic, structured, and massive movement in involving students for water quality monitoring.

Application of the Certainty Factor Method to Diagnose Escherichia Coli Bacteria in Refilled Drinking Water

An expert system is a software package or computer program package that is intended as a provider of advice and aids in solving problems in certain areas of specialization, such as problems in medicine, education, and so on.The development of expert system development in the field of bacteriology is one thing that is expected to improve the quality of human life. One of them is to apply an expert system using the Certainty Factor method to diagnose escherichia coli (e-coli) bacteria in refilled drinking water. This study aims to increase knowledge about how to make an inference engine to control the process of identifying solutions using the Certainty Factor method and to design an expert system application using the Certainty Factor method to diagnose Escherichia coli bacteria in refill drinking water.

Decomposition of DNA staining agent ethidium bromide by gamma irradiation: Conditions, kinetics, by-products, biological activity, and removal from wastewater

Ethidium Bromide (Eth-Br) is an intercalating agent commonly used in medical and biological laboratories as a DNA staining dye. Despite its popular use, aqueous solutions containing Eth-Br showed high toxicity, mutagenic capacity, and deactivate DNA transcription. In this study, the removal of Eth-Br from aqueous solutions by gamma irradiation has been fully investigated. Gamma irradiation was capable of achieving a near complete removal of Eth-Br in neutral and non-buffered aqueous solutions at an absorbed dose of 15 kGy. Various experimental conditions were studied and showed that the removal efficiency is not diminished. The addition of hydrogen peroxide (2 %) to the irradiated solutions reduced the D50 and D90 by 50 %. Modeling Eth-Br decomposition showed that the reaction followed pseudo first-order kinetics and reaches at least 90 % removal under all experimental conditions. TOC and HPLC measurements confirmed that Eth-Br is fully mineralized when the absorbed dose reaches 15 kGy. The biological activity of Eth-Br after irradiation treatment was investigated with synthetic DNA and natural DNA. The biological activity of Eth-Br was deactivated at an absorbed dose as low as 5 kGy. Toxicity measurement with E-coli bacteria also confirmed that the absorbed dose of 5 kGy was sufficient to remove Eth-Br toxicity.

Synthesis and characterization some complexes of azo dye of pyrimidyniyl and evaluating their biological activity

The present study involves fabrication a heterocyclic azo dye: 2-[4-diamino-3-benzaldehyde diazenyl]pyrimidine (L). The dye was synthesized by reacting 2-aminopyrimidine with 4-diaminobenzaldehyde (in situ). The complexes of ([Ag(L)(H2O)]NO3, [Cd(L)2]Cl2 and [Hg(L)2]Cl2) dyes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis; mass spectra, molar conductivity and spectroscopies of infrared and UV-Vis. The L dye ligand is tridentate. The Cd(II) and Hg(II) are octahedral with mole ratio Metal:Ligand equal to 1:2 while Ag(I) complex is tetrahedral with mole ratio Metal:Ligand equal to 1:1. The molar conductivity indicates that Ag(I) complex is electrolyte (1:1) and Cd(II) and (II) are electrolytes with ratio 2:1. The synthesized ligand (L) and its complexes showed interest biological activity against E-coli and Staph-aureus bacteria and Aspergillus Niger and Pinicillium.sp fungi. The anti-activity of [Ag(L)(H2O)]NO3 complex against MCF-7 cell line and its cytotoxicity against WRL cell line were interesting in vitro.

Assessment of the quality of well water in the spatial terraces of river code in Yogyakarta Indonesia

Many residents live on the banks of the Yogyakarta Code River. Some of them are still there who dispose of liquid waste directly into the river so that it has the potential to pollute the environment. Pollution also occurs in population wells. In general the condition of the riverbank is terraced, so that liquid waste originating from terrace 1 (the top) will flow to terrace 2 (the middle part), then flow to terrace 3 (bottom), and finally enter the river. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of well water on the banks of the River Code, based on DO parameters, pH, DHL, Temperature, TDS, and E-Coli bacteria and to ascertain whether there was a direct correlation of pollution accumulation from high elevation to low elevation. The methods used include: identification of wells, measurement of the position of the well with GPS, plotting the location of wells to maps, sampling of well water, analyzing the quality of well water in the laboratory, and assessing the spatial water pollution of the well. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a decrease in the quality of well water from high elevation to low elevation so that the quality of well water at low elevations is worse than the quality of well water at higher elevations. So that there is a direct correlation of accumulated pollution from well water at high elevations to lower elevations in the terraces of the Code River banks.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Simarouba glauca leaf extract and their biological activity of micro-organism

Increasing applications of nanoparticles (NPs) especially metallic nanoparticle plays an important role. Gold is one of the most useful metallic nanoparticles. Au NPs having unique physio-chemical characteristics and wide usage in different field applications. It is proved that Au NPs synthesized using green plants are eco-friendly, inexpensive, have good anti-microbial activities against micro-organisms. Although silver has a long history of being used as an anti-microbial, in recent years Au NPs has become a good completion for silver and it can fight against E-coli bacteria. In our research work, green synthesis of Au NPs and its applications on medical and biological.

Well Water Contamination Analysis in the Code Riverbank Terrace in Yogyakarta

Urbanization accelerate the growth of population in Yogyakarta. The existence of densely populated settlements directly affect the river environment Code. Some residents still dispose liquid waste into the river that contribute to polluting the environment. Slums also lead to environmental health problems. Pollution is not only happen in the river, but also occurs in wells population. The problem is compounded by the condition of the terraced river border. Waste from septic terrace 1 (top) and terrace 2 (middle) will flow into the patio 3 (bottom) and pollute wells population in the terrace 3 (bottom) as the accumulation of septic tank waste originating from above. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the water quality of wells in terracedareas, based on parameters DO, pH, electrical conductivity (DHL), temperature, TDS, and E-Coli bacteria as well as to ascertain whether there is a direct correlation of pollution accumulation from high to lower elevation on a terraced area. Methods being used include: Identification of wells and sanitation, wells positioning measurements with GPS, plotting the location of wells to map, collecting sample from wells, analyzing the quality of well water in the laboratory, and analyzing the well water contamination. Based on the results, it can be concluded that there are decline in water quality, either on the left or on the right side of the river. In other words, there is a direct correlation between contamination accumulation of well water at a high elevation and a lower elevation on the terraced riverbank area code.