Dysplasia Research Articles

Assessment of psychological distress in patients with cervical dysplasia according to age, education, information acquisition and information level.

This study aims to investigate the psychological distress experienced by patients with an initial diagnosis of abnormal Pap smears or dysplastic changes of the cervix uteri. It investigated whether patients' age, education, information level and approach to information acquisition have an impact on their psychological distress. A total of 364 female patients, aged 20-80years, referred to the special dysplasia consultation hour at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuerzburg, completed a questionnaire containing validated items to assess information level, information acquisition, information needs and psychological distress, including a distress thermometer. Data from questionnaires and medical reports were used for analysis. The study found that 56.9% of patients experienced psychological distress before their first visit. Patients under 44years of age, especially those with concerns about fertility and sexuality, and those with lower levels of education showed higher levels of distress (p-value = 0.018 and p-value = 0.037). 40.9% of patients felt poorly informed and 53.7% of patients wanted more information before their visit. Correlational analysis showed that the method of obtaining information correlated with the desire for more information (p-value < 0.001). Those who received information via the Internet felt less informed, wanted more information and experienced more anxiety. These findings highlight the need for improved patient education strategies and effective doctor-patient communication to address the knowledge gap and reduce patient distress. In addition, healthcare providers should ensure that patients have access to reliable online resources for accurate information.

The Binding Mechanism Between Cyclodextrins and Anticancer Drug Noscapine: A Spectroscopic and Molecular Docking Study.

In this paper the binding of noscapine (NOS) as an anticancer drug with poor bioavailability and low solubility with beta and methyl-beta cyclodextrins (β-CD and M-β-CD) as the biocompatible drug carriers were discussed using ultraviolet-visible, fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as molecular docking. The absorption of NOS changed when it was bound to both cyclodextrins, resulting in a hyperchromic shift. It formed a 1:1 stoichiometry inclusion complex with both cyclodextrins according to the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The binding affinity was larger in NOS-M-β-CD (5.9 (± 0.66) × 103 M- 1) than NOS-β-CD (3.7 (± 0.22) × 103 M- 1) complex. The fluorescence emission band of NOS at 408nm was quenched when NOS was complexed with β-CD, and enhanced in the presence of M-β-CD, while the shoulder at 350nm was enhanced selectively when NOS was complexed with M-β-CD. The fluorescence quenching of NOS with β-CD showed a negative deviation from the Stern-Volmer. The thermodynamic parameters have been estimated with the help of the Van't Hoff equation in different temperatures, and a dynamic mechanism was proposed for quenching. Also, both ΔH and ΔS have positive values thus the main interactions result in hydrophobic forces. Moreover, the negative value of ΔG indicates that the bonding process is spontaneous. 1H NMR chemical shift changes were observable for NOS and both CDs protons due to the chemical environment changes of some nuclei upon complexation. The molecular docking results revealed that the 1:1 inclusion complex possesses a good molecular shape complementarity score for their most probable structures, and indicated that the M-β-CD inclusion system gave the higher complexation efficiency. The binding energy values for β-CD and M-β-CD were determined to be -6.7 and - 9.5kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest the same as the result of experimental tests that the NOS-M-β-CD complex is more stable than the NOS-β-CD complex.

Diagnostic cervical excision in patients with HPV positivity, cytological abnormalities- and preoperative cervical stenosis

AimThere is currently no protocol for classifying patients with HPV persistence and preoperative stenosis of the cervical canal. This has a significant impact on cytology results, colposcopy results and the possibility of obtaining reliable cervical histology outcomes. Our analysis clearly shows that colposcopy and cytology underestimate the histological results in patients with limited visibility due to the presence of a type 3 transformation zone (TZ). Our analysis revealed a significant discrepancy between the colposcopy and cytology results and the histological outcomes. Insufficient colposcopy led to the underdiagnosis of dysplastic lesions in patients with a type 3 TZ and cervical stenosis. In the case of repeated cytological abnormalities and inadequate colposcopy examination, it is crucial to perform a diagnostic conization to exclude high-grade dysplastic changes and cervical carcinoma.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 1,021 conizations performed in tertiary care hospital in Wolfsburg, Germany between 2014 and 2020. Of these surgical procedures, 89 were diagnostic conizations. In our analysis, we defined diagnostic conization as a procedure performed when there is HPV persistence and repeated cytologic abnormalities in combination with a type 3 TZ, and when it is not possible to retrieve a relevant cervical histology sample.ResultsIn this period, 8.7% of all conizations were diagnostic excisions. We found histological abnormalities in 48 of 89 patients (53.9%). The histological examination of the excised cone revealed high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN/HSIL) in 9 patients (10.1%) and CIN 2+ (HSIL) in 23 out of the 89 patients (25.8%). Two cases of early-stage cervical carcinoma (FIGO IA1 and FIGO IA2) were confirmed (2.3%).ConclusionPatients with cervical stenosis, high-risk HPV persistence and repeated cytological abnormalities are at high risk of undetected high-grade cervical dysplasia. Histologic confirmation must be ensured in this patient consultation and this can be achieved by performing diagnostic excisions.

Cytomorphological Spectrum of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in Elderly Age Group and Its Clinicopathological Correlation

ABSTRACT Background: Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) encompasses a range of dysplastic changes from mild dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. This research aims to elucidate the cytomorphological spectrum of OSSN in the elderly age group and correlate these findings with clinical and pathological features. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on elderly patients (&gt;60 years) diagnosed with OSSN over a 5 year period. Cytological and histopathological findings were analyzed and correlated with clinical data. Results: The cytomorphological spectrum of OSSN in the elderly age group exhibited a broad range of cellular changes, from mild dysplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The predominant cytological features included increased nuclear–cytoplasmic ratio, pleomorphism, and abnormal mitotic figures. Clinically, OSSN presented most commonly as a unilateral conjunctival mass with a history of chronic irritation. Histopathologically, there was a significant correlation between the degree of dysplasia and the depth of invasion (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: This research highlights the diverse cytomorphological spectrum of OSSN in the elderly age groups and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive clinicopathological correlation for accurate diagnosis and management. The predominant cytological features observed, including increased nuclear–cytoplasmic ratio, pleomorphism, and abnormal mitotic figures, reflect the underlying dysplastic alterations and provide valuable insights into the diagnosis and the classification of OSSN. Further studies are warranted to explore the potential role of impression cytology in the diagnosis and management of OSSN and to evaluate the efficacy of different treatment modalities in the elderly age group.

Recurrent vulvar dysplasia after a prior carcinoma of the cervix: A case of field effect

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a dysplastic condition of the squamous epithelium of the vulva. There are two types of VIN: high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the vulva and VIN differentiated type (dDVIN). Management includes excision, laser ablation, and topical therapy. An excisional procedure used in VIN is simple local excision and partial or total skinning vulvectomy. Despite treatment, its recurrence is high. A G5P5 (5004) woman in her 60s presented with vulvar pruritus and vulvar pain of 2 years. She was treated for cervical adenocarcinoma Stage IB1 with surgery and complete radiotherapy 27 years prior. She was diagnosed twice with vulvar dysplasia 12 and 21 years after the diagnosis of cervical malignancy, both times presenting as vulvar pruritus. She was subsequently managed with vulvectomy with bilateral groin node dissection and with wide local excision, respectively. A 3 cm × 2 cm well-circumscribed, irregular erythematous plaque at the introitus’s 11–1 o’clock region was noted on physical examination. She was managed as a case of recurrent VIN III and underwent wide local excision and distal urethrectomy with split-thickness skin graft. The final histological examination of the submitted specimen showed human papillomavirus-associated classic VIN II.

Cervical dysplasia, cervicitis and inflammatory bowel disease – is there a relationship? (Literature review)

The state of health of the female population of Ukraine is of particular concern due to the year-by-year increase in the frequency of precancerous and oncological diseases of the reproductive organs. Benign and precancerous pathologies of the cervix occupy an important place among gynecological diseases.The objective of this article is to review foreign literature and domestic data sources for assessment the risk of dysplasia and cervical cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cervicitis.Early onset of sexual life and a large number of sexual partners are factors that increase the risk of contracting the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Trauma to the cervical epithelium – mechanical one or caused by an STI – can cause HPV to enter the basal layer of the cervical epithelium. Cervical cancer (CC) is preceded by HPV lesions of the cervical epithelium, including low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, which are usually diagnosed in women of reproductive age.Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is characterized by impaired maturation and differentiation of cells of the multilayered squamous epithelium and is the most frequent form of morphological precancer of the cervix. Up to 90% of CIN are localized at the border of single-layered cylindrical and multilayered flat epithelium (transformation zone). CIN of various degrees is a precancerous disease in which the index of malignancy (oncological transformation) can reach 50%.The clinical course of dysplastic changes in CIN is asymptomatic, and the patients have no specific complaints. During the infectious process in the vagina, CIN can be accompanied by an increase in the amount of vaginal discharges in the form of mucus or milky secretions. Therefore, in modern conditions timely diagnosis, effective treatment and prevention of precancerous processes, which include CIN of the cervix, is one of the important tasks of a gynecologist. Women of perimenopausal age, who are traditionally classified as a risk group, deserve special attention.Today, there is information in the literature that diseases of a multifactorial nature make up 90–95% of all diseases, which also includes CIN. Despite extensive research efforts and advances in screening and prevention strategies, CC remains an unsolved public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Every year in the world, more than half a million women are diagnosed with CC.The world scientific community pays great attention to the study of epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and development of methods of prevention of neoplastic processes in general and CC in particular. So far, this has not been thoroughly studied, and there are no large studies that take into account a variety of potential factors. Understanding the risk factors for the development of CC in patients with IBD and cervicitis may help develop screening and prevention strategies and ultimately improve treatment outcomes.

Navigating neurofibroma: A clinical case report

Spindle cell neoplasm is an unusual bimorphic malignant tumor that typically affects the upper aero-digestive tract mucosa but can potentially arise elsewhere in the body. A diverse range of benign and malignant tumors, including those with neural, fibroblastic, vascular, myofibroblastic, myogenic, and epithelial origins, are together referred to as soft tissue spindle cell neoplasms. The average age of occurrence is 51 years for men and 67 years for women, with a predominance of men. There is limited information in the literature about the symptoms of spindle cell neoplasms. These tumors typically have a polypoid form, with a high concentration of dysplastic spindle cell components. They are composed of surface epithelial alterations ranging from mild epithelial dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. The article provides insight into a case of neurofibromatous variant of spindle cell neoplasm.

Molybdenum (VI) Complexes and their Dual Role as Antidiabetic and Anticancer Agents

AbstractTwo molybdenum complexes, MoHL1 and MoHL2, are prepared from the corresponding tetradentate salen type (ONNO) ligands, HL1 and HL2, obtained from 3, 5‐dichloro salicylaldehyde, and substituted o‐phenylenediamines. The complexes are characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, HRMS, and UV‐visible spectral techniques. The DFT studies provide insight into their structural parameters. The band gap energy and molecular orbital energies influence the charge transfer interactions within the molecule. Further, the complexes are assessed for their antioxidant efficacy, α–amylase inhibitory potential, binding propensity with deoxyribonucleic acid, and cytotoxicity studies against breast cancer cell line, MCF7. The DPPH assay demonstrates high radical scavenging ability, as evidenced by the IC50 value of 133.85±1.18 μg/mL, higher than ascorbic acid. From the results of α–amylase inhibitory assay, MoHL1 shows good inhibitory action with the IC50 value of 32.72±2.49 μg/mL higher than that of the standard acarbose. The absorption titration method, to track the binding interactions of the metal complexes with DNA, shows a marked hyperchromic effect indicating preferential binding of the complexes to the grooves of DNA helical structure. MoHL2 exerts higher cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines than MoHL1. Thus, the complexes have the potential to be developed as antidiabetic and anticancer agents.

A prospective, randomized, single-blinded study evaluating the effect of frozen-section directed excision on positive surgical margins in high-grade vulvar dysplasia.

TPS5644 Background: Vulvar cancer accounts for 2-5% of gynecologic malignancies. As with many skin cancers, vulvar cancer is preceded by a dysplastic state. Currently, wide local excision (WLE) is the surgical treatment modality used to excise visually dysplastic tissue, with a 0.5 cm border. However, this methodology does not incorporate the risk of microinvasion and positive margins on the tissue sample. The significance in having positive margins is a 3-fold higher risk of recurrence when positive margins are present. Our study seeks to compare this current standard of care with a frozen section directed excision, which is similar to Mohs Surgery, a long-established surgical technique mainly used in dermatology. This technique allows for repeated pathologic evaluation to ensure negative margins are present before cessation of the surgery. The goal of this study is to show the superiority of Frozen-Section Directed Excision (FSDE) in conducting vulvectomies in reducing positive margin rates, thus potentially reducing recurrence rates. Methods: This is a prospective randomized, single-blinded study. The target population is adults ≥ 18 years of age with histological or cytological confirmation of VIN 2, VIN 3, VIN 2/3 or High-grade Dysplasia NOS with a planned excisional procedure, with high suspicion by the enrolling investigator that gross surgical margins of ≥ 3 mm can be achieved without laser or other destructive procedures. One group of subjects is assigned to the FSDE surgery arm and will undergo this procedure. The other group of subjects will be assigned to the WLE (standard of care) arm and will undergo that procedure. The randomization will be 1:1. This trial is designed as a group sequential study with two primary analysis timepoints. The interim analysis will occur after the surgical margin status is known for the first 56 evaluable subjects and the second after all (112 targeted) evaluable subjects. Information regarding the surgery procedure, the amount of time the surgery procedure takes, and total amount of pain medication required during surgery and while in the surgery recovery area will be collected. The study team will also look at recurrence rates in six months, if any other therapies are required, and subject satisfaction related to the surgery, recovery, and sexual function by using questionnaires before and after the procedure. Based on previously published cases and a review of cases of vulvar excision at our institution, it is anticipated that the rate of positive margins will exceed 50% with standard surgery. It is expected that FSDE will reduce the positive margin rate by at least 50%. Assuming 56% of standard surgeries result in positive margins and a two-tailed alpha of 0.05, 56 subjects per arm or a total of 112 evaluable subjects will provide 80% power to detect this difference. Clinical trial information: NCT05934851 .

Peculiarities of the endocrine status of women with precancerous lesions of the vulva

The purpose of the study was to determine the hormonal profile of peripheral blood in women with precancerous lesions of the vulva.Material and methods. 309 women with precancerous lesions of the vulva and 60 gynecologically healthy women aged 25 to 70 years were included in the study. Patients with precancerous lesions were divided into 4 groups depending on the nosological unit: 87 women with severe vulvar dysplasia dependent on HPV (VHSIL), 154 individuals with differentiated vulvar dysplasia independent of HPV (dVIN), 36 patients with extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva (VPD) grade Ia and 32 women with melanoma in situ of the skin vulva In the groups with VHSIL, with dVIN, with melanoma in situ, there were women of premenopausal and postmenopausal age, therefore, for the comparison of hormonal data in these groups, subgroups were selected according to age: subgroups with persons younger than 50 years, subgroups of women aged 50 years and older. 60 conditionally healthy women of the control group also included 30 people under 50 years and 30 people 50 years and older. The levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), free testosterone (Tf), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3f), free thyroxine (T4f), antibodies to thyroperoxidase (ATPO)in blood serumand HOMA indexwere determined. The results. There was no difference between serum LH and FSH levels in women with various precancerous diseases of the vulva under the age of 50 years. Individuals with dVIN were characterized by the highest level of PRL (24.44±1.55 ng/ml). Among women aged 50 years and older, the highest levels of LH, FSH and PRL were observed in persons with melanoma in situ - respectively 36.90±2.09 mIU/ml, 74.67±4.06 mIU/ml, 9.85±2.03 ng/ml; the level of FSH and PRL was higher, and the LH/FSH ratio was lower than in controls in all precancerous diseases of the vulva. No statistically significant difference was found between the basal levels of serum P4 and AMH in subgroups of women younger than 50 years and 50 years and older. Among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, the highest average levels of E2 were recorded in women with melanoma in situ (104.61±10.22 pg/ml and 30.71±1.90 pg/ml), Tf and Tf index - in patients with dVIN (3.20±0.10 pg/ml and 1.58±0.05 pg/ml vs. 8.25±0.24% and 3.77±0.10%, respectively). Features of the thyroid status were the highest indicators of TSH and ATP in persons with dVIN both in premenopause (2.68±0.30 mIU/ml and 196.39±76.48 IU/ml) and in postmenopause (2.23±0 .09 mIU/ml and 123.46±16.07 IU/ml). The average level of 25(OH)D did not differ statistically significantly between women with various precancerous diseases of the vulva. The level of insulin and NOMA index among premenopausal women was the highest in women with melanoma in situ (14.33±1.55 mIU/ml), in postmenopausal women with VPD (14.90±1.02 mIU/ml), HOMA index – respectively, with dVIN (2.87±0.30) and with VPD (3.60±0.27). Insulin resistance was most common in premenopause among individuals with dVIN (53.33%), and in postmenopause - with VPD (72.22%).Conclusions. Features of the hormonal profile of people with precancerous diseases of the vulva under the age of 50 are the highest levels of PRL, TSH and ATPO in women with dVIN, the highest average levels of Tf and Tf index, insulin level and HOMA index – in patients with VPD, the highest average levels of E2– in women with melanoma in situ. Among postmenopausal patients, the highest levels of TSH and ATPO in women with dVIN, the highest average levels of Tf and Tf index, the level of insulin and NOMA index in patients with VPD, the highest average levels of LH, FSH, PRL and E2 in women with melanoma are characteristic features situ. The average level of 25(OH)D does not differ statistically significantly between women with various precancerous diseases of the vulva. Insulin resistance is most common in premenopausal individuals with dVIN, and in postmenopausal individuals with VPD.

Adolescent female reproductive system dysplasia: a clinical study of 356 cases

Objective: To explore the age of onset and consultation, the main clinical manifestations, common types of combined malformations, the relationship of endometriosis, surgical prognosis and different types of proportion of adolescent female reproductive system dysplasia. Methods: The medical records of 356 patients (aged 10-19) with female reproductive system dysplasia in Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2003 to August 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results: (1) Among the 356 adolescent dysplasia patients, uterine dysplasia (23.6%, 84/356), oblique vaginal septum syndrome (OVSS; 22.5%, 80/356) and vaginal dysplasia (21.6%, 77/356) were the most frequent ones, followed by multi-sectional dysplasia (16.0%, 57/356), other types of developmental abnormalities like external genitaliaand urogenital fistula (13.5%, 48/356) and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH syndrome; 2.8%, 10/356). (2) There were significant differences between the median age of onset and the age of consultation of patients with OVSS and other types of abnormalities except hymen atresia (both P<0.05). In contrast, there were no significant differences between the age of onset and the age of consultation of the patients of uterine dysplasia, vaginal dysplasia, hymen atresia, MRKH syndrome and multi-sectional dysplasia (all P>0.05). (3) The clinical manifestations were lack of specificity, and mainly abnormal finding was lower abdominal pain. (4) After admission, the majority of patients underwent comprehensive cardiopulmonary examination (71.3%, 254/356) and urinary system examination (63.5%, 226/356). Only 18.3% (65/356) of patients had completed abdominal organ examination, and 5.9% (21/356) skeletal system examination. About other systemic malformations, urological malformations were the most common (27.5%, 98/356), followed by anorectal malformation (0.6%, 2/356), heart malformations (0.3%, 1/356), and spinal malformations (0.3%, 1/356). 46.4% (84/181) of the surgical patients were diagnosed with combined endometriosis. Patients with obstructive genital tract malformations were more likely to combine with endometriosis than non-obstructive ones [50.3% (74/147) vs 29.4% (10/34); P<0.05]. However, there was no significant difference between the severity of endometriosis of those two kinds (P>0.05). (5) Totally 308 patients were followed up successfully with a median of 25.0 years old, and 20 cases were treated again; 12.0% (37/308) of them were suffering from menstrual disorder and 33.1% (102/308) of them with dysmenorrhea. Totally 130 patients had sexually active reported no sexual problems. Conclusions: Uterine dysplasia, OVSS and vaginal dysplasia are the most common syndromes in adolescent female reproductive system dysplasia along with frequent cases of coexisting urinary malformations and increasing risks of endometriosis. Meanwhile, the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations might delay the timely diagnosis and treatment after the onset of symptoms. Nonetheless, most patients could achieve good surgical outcomes.

Autoimmunity and epithelial dysplasia in patients with oral lichenoid diseases.

The primary objective of this study was to explore relationship between autoimmunity and epithelial dysplasia in patients with oral lichenoid diseases. A total of 66 patients with oral lichen planus (OLP), 35 with oral lichenoid lesion (OLL), and 85 with oral lichenoid drug reaction (OLDR) were enrolled. OLP, OLL, and OLDR were diagnosed following the definitions of the modified World Health Organization criteria, except for the absence of epithelial dysplasia. All patients underwent diagnostic incisional biopsy and adjunctive direct immunofluorescence assays. An indirect immunofluorescence assay was conducted to determine the antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity. OLP and OLDR patients with epithelial dysplasia demonstrated higher prevalence of serum ANA positivity compared to those without epithelial dysplasia. Elevated serum levels of high sensitivity-C reactive proteins were observed in the OLP, OLL, and OLDR patients with epithelial dysplasia. In the DIF analysis, patients with epithelial dysplasia in the OLP exhibited a higher prevalence of C3 deposition in the basement membrane zone. This study proposed that autoimmunity may contribute to elevating levels of focal and chronic systemic inflammation, potentially influencing abnormal wound healing and development of dysplastic changes in the oral epithelium among patients with oral lichenoid disease.

Pushing the Limit of Photo-Controlled Polymerization: Hyperchromic and Bathochromic Effects.

The photocatalyst (PC) zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) is highly efficient for photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization. However, ZnTPP suffers from poor absorbance of orange light by the so-called Q-band of the absorption spectrum (maximum absorption wavelength λmax = 600 nm, at which molar extinction coefficient εmax = 1.0×104 L/(mol·cm)), hindering photo-curing applications that entail long light penetration paths. Over the past decade, there has not been any competing candidate in terms of efficiency, despite a myriad of efforts in PC design. By theoretical evaluation, here we rationally introduce a peripheral benzo moiety on each of the pyrrole rings of ZnTPP, giving zinc tetraphenyl tetrabenzoporphyrin (ZnTPTBP). This modification not only enlarges the conjugation length of the system, but also alters the a1u occupied π molecular orbital energy level and breaks the accidental degeneracy between the a1u and a2u orbitals, which is responsible for the low absorption intensity of the Q-band. As a consequence, not only is there a pronounced hyperchromic and bathochromic effect (λmax = 655 nm and εmax = 5.2×104 L/(mol·cm)) of the Q-band, but the hyperchromic effect is achieved without increasing the intensity of the less useful, low wavelength absorption peaks of the PC. Remarkably, this strong 655 nm absorption takes advantage of deep-red (650-700 nm) light, a major component of solar light exhibiting good atmosphere penetration, exploited by the natural PC chlorophyll a as well. Compared with ZnTPP, ZnTPTBP displayed a 49% increase in PET-RAFT polymerization rate with good control, marking a significant leap in the area of photo-controlled polymerization.

Insights into Kidney Dysplasia in Duplex Kidneys: From Radiologic Diagnosis to Histopathologic Understanding.

Duplex kidney is a urinary tract anomaly commonly associated with a wide range of primary and secondary parenchymal structural abnormalities. We present a unique comparison of US and MRI findings with histopathology following partial resection of duplex kidneys due to nephropathy. We examined a group of 21 children with duplex kidneys who were qualified for heminephrectomy (24 kidney units (KU)). All patients underwent US and MRI prior to the surgery. The imaging results were compared with histopathologic findings. In 21/24 KU, dysplastic changes were found on histopathology, including all with obstructive nephropathy and 7/10 specimens with refluxing uropathy. The loss of corticomedullary differentiation on US and increased signal on T2-weighted images (T2WI) on MRI were the imaging findings that best correlated with fibrosis. In children with megaureter, there were no statistical differences in histopathological findings between primary megaureter, megaureter with ureterocele, and megaureter with ectopia (p > 0.05). The extent of dysplasia of the affected pole correlated negatively with residual function in MRI. Kidney dysplasia and inflammation in the kidney with obstructive nephropathy are the most important histopathologic findings of this study. US is a valuable screening tool, and MRI enables morphologic and functional assessments of the nephropathy in duplex kidneys.

Molecular Probing of the Microscopic Pressure at Contact Interfaces.

Obtaining insights into friction at the nanoscopic level and being able to translate these into macroscopic friction behavior in real-world systems is of paramount importance in many contexts, ranging from transportation to high-precision technology and seismology. Since friction is controlled by the local pressure at the contact it is important to be able to detect both the real contact area and the nanoscopic local pressure distribution simultaneously. In this paper, we present a method that uses planarizable molecular probes in combination with fluorescence microscopy to achieve this goal. These probes, inherently twisted in their ground states, undergo planarization under the influence of pressure, leading to bathochromic and hyperchromic shifts of their UV-vis absorption band. This allows us to map the local pressure in mechanical contact from fluorescence by exciting the emission in the long-wavelength region of the absorption band. We demonstrate a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and (simulated) pressure at the submicron scale. This relationship enables us to experimentally depict the pressure distribution in multiasperity contacts. The method presented here offers a new way of bridging friction studies of the nanoscale model systems and practical situations for which surface roughness plays a crucial role.

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in dysplastic oral keratinocyte cell line and their role in the development of HNSCC

Dysplasia is the presence of abnormal types of cells in a tissue precipitated by over or diminished expression of certain genes. These cells act as a precursor to cancer. Dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cell lines have an aneuploid complex karyotype. They provide an opportunity to study the action of specific carcinogens on malignant transformations. This study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes in dysplastic cells and their possible association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). These genes can be developed as diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic leads.The list of genes related to oral keratinocyte dysplasia and head and neck cancer was accessed from the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. Gene expression profiling was done between dysplastic oral keratinocytes and normal human oral keratinocytes. Gene expression and Kaplan Meier survival analysis were performed using the UALCAN database to assess the correlations between dysregulated genes identified in dysplastic keratinocytes and primary tumors of HNSCC. The GEO omnibus dataset identified numerous differentially expressed genes of which the top 10 up and downregulated genes in dysplastic oral keratinocytes were curated for further analysis. The expression profile of these genes was assessed using the HNSCC dataset (TCGA, Firehose Legacy). Among all the genes assessed, only one gene, the OLR1 gene encoding oxidized low-density lipoprotein, was found to be overexpressed in both the groups viz., dysplastic keratinocytes and HNSCC cases with a strong correlation with the survival status of patients. There was significant correlation between the gene expression pattern observed in dysplastic keratinocytes and the primary tumor of the HNSCC group, with an exotic gene that was seldom discussed in association with cancer, viz., OLR1. Exploration into other top-ranking differentially expressed genes in dysplastic cases would aid in identifying the candidate gene associated with both phenotypes.

From primary HPV infection to carcinoma in situ: A mathematical approach to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

AbstractCervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the development of abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix, caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although in most of the cases it is resolved by the immune system, a small percentage of people might develop a more serious CIN which, if left untreated, can develop into cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, for which the World Health Organization (WHO) recently adopted the Global Strategy for cervical cancer elimination by 2030. With this research topic being more imperative than ever, in this paper, we develop a nonlinear mathematical model describing the CIN progression. The model consists of partial differential equations describing the dynamics of epithelial, dysplastic, and immune cells, as well as the dynamics of viral particles. We use our model to explore numerically three important factors of dysplasia progression, namely, the geometry of the cervix, the strength of the immune response, and the frequency of viral exposure.

Comparison of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Smear Scan Results, the Relationship of the Virus with Dysplasia and its Distribution According to the Age of the Cases

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause dysplastic changes and cancer in many body areas, especially in the cervix (cervix). There are many scientific studies and contents that have been done on this subject and have proven this situation. However; How parallel are the detection of the virus and the smear scan results, and how relevant is the relationship of the virus with dysplasia to the age of the patients, does this have clinical meaning? We carried out a study to seek answers to these questions.

Analysis of the clinicopathological features of tailgut cyst with emphasis on the development of neoplastic lesions.

Tailgut cyst is a rare congenital cyst occurring in the retrorectal space and development of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cyst has been reported. Due to the rarity of the tumor, the histogenesis of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cyst has remained elusive. In the present study, the clinicopathological features of tailgut cyst were analyzed with a particular focus on the development of neoplastic lesions. The clinicopathological features of four patients with tailgut cyst (one female and three males) were retrospectively reviewed. No symptoms were present in two patients. Perineal discomfort, and constipation and urinary retention, were described in the other two patients, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the cystic lesions were hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weigted images in all patients. Histopathological analysis revealed that all lesions were multilocular, and cystic walls were covered by squamous and ciliated epithelia without nuclear atypia. The development of neoplastic lesions was noted in two patients. Dysplastic change composed of piling-up proliferation of glandular cells with mild to moderate nuclear atypia was present in one patient, and invasive adenocarcinoma with a dysplasia component was observed in another patient. Dysplasia of the glandular cells, as seen in two patients in the present series, may be a precursor lesion of invasive adenocarcinoma; therefore, adenocarcinoma arsing in tailgut cyst may show a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. While the reported incidence of neoplastic lesions in tailgut cysts is ~9% or less, their frequency remains to be accurately determined. Therefore, complete surgical resection is important for the management of patients with tailgut cyst. Additional clinicopathological and molecular studies with large cohorts may be required to clarify the histogenesis of neoplastic lesion in tailgut cyst.

Physicochemical studies of adenosine in the presence of aqueous caffeine and theophylline solutions, &amp; sodium valproate with γ‐amino butyric acid in aqueous medium at T = (288.15–318.15) K and at p = 1 × 105 Pa

AbstractIn human body, drug‐neurotransmitter interactions have been the most significant process. Whereas, adverse reactions may be accompanied by unexpected interaction, which puts an individual in danger of life. Thus, the interactions between adenosine (ADN) and sodium valproate (SV) with caffeine (CAF), theophylline (TPY) and γ‐amino butyric acid (GABA) have been studied. Various properties like densities, ρ and speed of sound, u, have been used to calculate apparent molar volumes (V2,ϕ) and apparent molar isentropic compression (Ks,2,ϕ) for ADN and SV in aqueous (5, 10, 15 and 20 mmol kg−1) CAF, TPY and GABA solutions at T = (288.15–318.15) K and at pressure p = 1 × 105 Pa. The results of various interactions that occurred by mixing the solutions have been interpreted. Exothermicity is indicated by the negative values of standard molar enthalpy of transfer, ΔtrΔdilH0, obtained from the calorimetry. UV‐absorption and 1H NMR studies suggest that there is a dominance of solute‐cosolute interactions due to hyperchromic shift and shielding effect.