Dysmenorrhea Pain Research Articles

Non-pharmacological that most effective to reduce of primary dysmenorrhea intensity in women childbearing age: a literature review.

One of the most common female reproductive health problems is primary dysmenorrhea. Data on the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea complained about 50-90% of women in the world. Primary dysmenorrhea data in the US is 30-70%, in Sweden is 30%, in Mexico is 64%, in Italy is 68%, in Jordan is 55.8%, in Turkey is 84.9%, and in Malaysia is 74.5%, in Indonesia is 60-70 and 15% of its, it interferes with daily activities including work. The cause of this is hypercontractility of the myometrium due to excessive secretion of prostaglandins. This study aims to explore the most effective non-pharmacological therapies in reducing the level of primary dysmenorrhea pain in women of childbearing age. The design of this study is a literature review with the PRISMA method. Database Google, Google Scholar, Research gate, Cochran Data Base, Embase, NCBI, Sciendirect, SAGE, Elsevier, Sinta. The population of this study was all full-text international journals indexed by Scopus and national journals indexed by Sinta 1-6 published in 2011-2021 including RCT amount of 114 articles. A sample of 23 articles meets the inclusion criteria and used thematic data analysis. The results of non-pharmacological therapy that effectively overcome primary dysmenorrhea pain, namely the first group with (P=0.000). The conclusions showed that Murrotal Qur'an, yoga, acupressure, counter pressure massage, effleurage massage, consume green coconut water and avocado juice combination with massage were proven to be equally effective in overcoming complaints of primary dysmenorrhea pain quickly without being accompanied by side effects.

PENYULUHAN TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DAN PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN BAGI MAHASISWI JURUSAN FISIOTERAPI POLTEKKES KEMENKES JAKARTA 3

Background : Primary dysmenorrhea is a physical disorder characterized by feelings of pain in women who are menstruating in the form of abdominal pain/cramps that are not caused by pathological conditions of the gynecological system. The cramps are mainly felt in the lower abdominal area and spread to the back or inner surface of the thighs. This pain usually disrupts the student's learning process. Several non-pharmacological treatments can reduce pain intensity. To reduce the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain, low impact aerobic exercise can be done for students in the second semester of the Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Jakarta 3. Objective: rovide knowledge about how to improve general health for students, carry out physical examinations related to general health and reproductive health, provide low impact aerobic exercise. Method: In this program, several activities are carried out including: preliminary studies, identification of personnel, facilities and infrastructure, counseling activities and health checks. Results: This Community Service activity consists of counseling on healthy behavior and the importance of regular exercise, Health Checks including checking blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate and reproductive health checks. Carrying out demonstrations of low impact aerobic exercise and accompanying activities. This activity was carried out from September 2021 at the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health, Jakarta 3. Conclusion: community service activities in the form of counseling about reproductive health were carried out well.
 Key words: knowledge, reproductive health

PEMBERIAN LATIHAN SENAM LOW IMPACT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI BAGI MAHASISWI JURUSAN FISIOTERAPI POLTEKKES KEMENKES JAKARTA 3

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a physical disorder characterized by feelings of pain in women who are menstruating in the form of abdominal pain/cramps that are not caused by pathological conditions of the gynecological system. The cramps are mainly felt in the lower abdominal area and spread to the back or inner surface of the thighs. This pain usually disrupts the student's learning process. Several non-pharmacological treatments can reduce pain intensity. To reduce the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain, low impact aerobic exercise can be done for students in the second semester of the Health Polytechnic, Ministry of Health, Jakarta 3. Objective: providing training and assistance in implementing low impact gymnastics for female students. Method: In this program, several activities are carried out including: identification of personnel, facilities and infrastructure, training activities and assistance in implementing low impact exercise for female students. Results: This Community Service activity consists of providing demonstrations of low impact aerobic exercise and providing exercise assistance to respondents. This activity was carried out in September and October 2021 at the Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta 3. Conclusion: Community service activities in the form of demonstrations of low impact aerobic exercise and student mentoring activities were carried out well.
 Key words: low impact exercise, reproductive health

The Relationship Between Menarche Age and Body Mass Index on Dysmenorrhea Pain in Young Women

The Relationship Between Menarche Age and Body Mass Index on Dysmenorrhea Pain in Young Women

Efek Serbuk Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Dismenore Pada Siswi SMAN 1 Muncang Kabupaten Lebak Banten

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea is a condition that occurs during menstruation or menstruation which can interfere with activities and requires treatment which is characterized by pain or pain in the abdominal or pelvic area "(Judha 2012)", Dysmenorrhea is pain during menstruation that interferes with women's daily activities. According to WHO (2012), there were 1,796,425 people (90%) experiencing dysmenorrhea with 10-15% experiencing severe dysmenorrhea. About 75% of women report some degree of discomfort related to menstruation, and about 15% report severe dysmenorrhea. Methods: The research method is a pre-experimental research design. In this study, the authors conducted quantitative research using the pre-experimental design method, type one group pretest-posttest (preliminary test, final test, single group). Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling and in this study the samples were partially taken from the entire object studied and considered to represent the entire population of class X, X1, and XII students at SMAN 1 Muncang in the year 2022/2023 who experienced dysmenorrhea as many as 56 people. Results: The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that the p-value of red ginger was 0,000 0,05 so there was an effect of giving red ginger. The experimental group was given capsules containing red ginger powder 4x1 for 2 days at a dose of 250 mg. The results of the independent t-test obtained a p-value of 0,000 (α 0,05). Discussion: Broadly speaking, there is an effect of red ginger powder (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) on reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in female students at SMAN 1 Muncang, Lebak Regency Banten before and after consuming red ginger powder (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) as evidenced by the results of statistical tests using One-Sample Statistics with a significance value of p 0,000.

Relationship Between Sedentary Lifestyle and Fiber Intake Primary Dysmenorrhoea in Overweight Adolescent Girls

Overweight female adolescents (FA) have a 36.8% risk of primary dysmenorrhea (PD) compared to FA with normal nutritional status. PD can be minimized by increasing daily physical activity and consumption of fiber found in vegetables and fruit by nutritional adequacy rates. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and daily fiber intake on PD in overweight FA in Padang. This research method is cross-sectional and conducted at MAN 1 and SMA 1 Muhammadiyah Padang. The research subjects were all female students who met the restriction criteria with a total of 38 people. Data collection was carried out by anthropometric measurements and interviews using the NRS, ASAQ, and SQ-FFQ questionnaires. The results of data analysis using the Spearman rank correlation test showed that there was a relationship between fiber intake and the pain scale in primary dysmenorrhea (p=0.007), and a sedentary lifestyle was not related to primary dysmenorrhea (p=0.73). The conclusion is that the primary dysmenorrhea pain scale is associated with daily fiber intake consumed according to the nutritional adequacy rates of overweight female adolescents in Padang.

Dark chocolate as a non-pharmacological alternative to reduce dysmenorrhea in adolescents

Dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain often experienced by women of reproductive age, including teenage girls, can cause discomfort and hinder daily activities, necessitating treatment. Chocolate contains copper, which synthesizes neurotransmitters like collagen and endorphins, serving as an analgesic and natural sedative to alleviate pain. This study aimed to assess the effect of dark chocolate on reducing dysmenorrhea in adolescents. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design and was conducted over six months at a polytechnic in Bandung. Pain intensity was measured using a standardized instrument known as the WALIDD score. A total of forty students with primary dysmenorrhea participated in the study, selected through purposive sampling, and were divided into a treatment group and a control group. The independent variables included the administration of dark chocolate, while the dependent variable was the intensity of menstrual pain in students with primary dysmenorrhea. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The intervention group, which received education on menstruation and dark chocolate, exhibited a significant reduction in dysmenorrhea pain as early as the second day, with a p-value of <0.001. Administering dark chocolate at a dosage of 35 mg/day from the onset of menstruation helps reduce pain from the first day of menstruation compared to standard therapy, which includes education about menstruation. Chocolate enhances mood due to its copper content, releasing endogenous morphine that inhibits pain impulses. This makes chocolate a non-pharmacological alternative for alleviating dysmenorrhea.

Altered cognitive control network mediates the association between long-term pain and anxiety symptoms in primary dysmenorrhea.

Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the association of the cognitive control network (CCN) with the maintenance of chronic pain. However, whether and how dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a key region within the CCN, is altered in menstrual pain is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate alterations in the DLPFC functional connectivity network in patients with primary dysmenorrhea (PDM). The study comprised 41 PDM patients and 39 matched healthy controls (HCs), all of whom underwent a resting-state functional MRI scan during the menstrual stage. All participants were instructed to complete the clinical assessment before the MRI scan. We used the DLPFC as the seed in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis to investigate the difference between PDM patients and HCs. Compared to HCs, PDM patients showed increased right DLPFC rsFC at the bilateral lingual gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and middle cingulate cortex, and decreased left DLPFC rsFC at the right orbital frontal cortex. In addition, increased right DLPFC-bilateral dACC connectivity mediated the association between disease duration and the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores in PDM patients. We confirmed that the DLPFC-dACC rsFC was associated with higher SAS scores, which could mediate the association between disease duration and anxiety symptoms in patients with PDM. Our findings provide central pathological evidence for an abnormal rsFC of the CCN in PDM patients, which may contribute to a better understanding of the neuropathophysiological mechanisms underlying PDM.

The Effect of Exercise on Pulsatility Index of Uterine Arteries and Pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common diseases in women of reproductive age. Our aim was to examine whether a twice-weekly thirty-minute exercise intervention could result in a difference in the pulsatility index (PI) of the uterine arteries (UAs) and level of menstrual pain in patients with PD. In our prospective observational trial, the observation period included one spontaneous menstrual cycle and the consecutive time of the next menstruation of all participants, aged 18-44, with no extensive sports experience. In total, 73 volunteers were enrolled: 38 persons in the intervention group (IG) and 35 in the control group (CG). The intervention program was accompanied by music, performed in groups under the supervision of a qualified instructor in Hungary. The primary outcome was the difference between the IG and CG regarding the PI values of UAs at the 1st and the 2nd ultrasound (US) Doppler flowmetry. The secondary outcome was the difference between the IG and CG regarding the PI of UAs and menstrual pain measured by using the Numeric Rating Scale and adherence to the intervention. Statistical tests such as an independent-samples t-test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used during the analyses. Examining the mean of the PI of UAs in the IG and the CG at the 1st and the 2nd US measurement, a significant difference was found in the change in the measured value (Z = -2.545; p = 0.011). The IG showed a significantly higher increase in the mean of the PI of UAs (Median = 0.825) than the CG (Median = 0.130). The difference in the PI of the UAs of the IG and the CG is not related to the level of pain in any group (p = 0.336) and not related to the whole sample (p = 0.354); furthermore, the level of pain did not significantly differ between the two groups. Our study is the first to document the significant effects of mild-to-moderate exercise training on the change in the PI of the UAs in individuals with PD. The IG had a reduced blood flow due to circulatory redistribution after exercise. The level of menstrual pain of primary dysmenorrhea patients is independent of the level of blood circulation regarding the PI of the UAs. Randomized controlled studies with more participants and a longer research period are needed to confirm our findings regarding the association between regular exercise and the PI of UAs. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04618172.

The Effect of A Warm Compress to Decrease the Degree of Menstral Pain in Teenage Girl at Sekip Village, Lubuk Pakam Districts, Deli Serdang Regency 2022

Continuous abdominal muscle contractions due to menstrual bleeding cause dysmenorrhea pain. Menstrual pain or dysmenorrhea is not only the most common problem, but also a cause of reduced activity in women during menstruation, for example not going to school. Non-pharmacological treatment of this problem needs to be developed, such as using warm water compresses. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of hot water compresses on reducing the intensity of menstrual pain in adolescents in Sekip Village, Lubuk Pakam District, Deli Serdang Regency in 2022. The research used was a pilot study with one group. before and after test design. Based on the inclusion criteria, samples were taken from a total of 30 people using appropriate sampling techniques. Proportion test analysis using paired sample t-test. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test and the research tool was a pain observation sheet, namely the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). The results of this study showed that the average pain of dysmenorrhea before applying warm compresses was 6.93, with a median score of 7.00 and a standard deviation of 1.23. The lowest mean score for dysmenorrhea before warm compresses was 4 and the highest score was 9. The average dysmenorrhea pain after warm compresses was 3.90, with a median score of 4.00 and a standard deviation of 1.24. The lowest mean score for dysmenorrhea after warm compresses was 1 and the highest score was 6. There was an effect of warm compresses on the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents in Sekip Village, Lubuk Pakam District, Deli Serdang Regency (?=0.000). It is hoped that warm compresses can be practiced as a treatment to relieve menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) in adolescents who experience menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea).

Application Of Sanyinjiao And Hegu Point Acupressure For Young Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is abdominal pain or cramps that occur during menstruation. Characteristics of dysmenorrhea include lower abdominal pain to the waist, dizziness, nausea and fainting. In Indonesia, 64.25% of women of childbearing age experience dysmenorrhea, of which 54.89% experience primary dysmenorrhea. In Central Java, as many as 1,465,876 adolescents experience dysmenorrhea. The problem that occurs in Banyumas, to be precise the Muhammadiyah Princess Orphanage in Purwokerto, there are 19 adolescents with dysmenorrhea out of a total of 40 young women and have never received acupressure therapy with a combination of sanyinjiao and hegu points. This case study aims to carry out reproductive health care regarding a combination of acupressure therapy at sanyinjiao and hegu points to reduce the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain. The methods used were anamnesis, physical examination, Hb examination, observation at the second and third meetings, interviews and documentation studies. The target audience was selected, 5 young women from the Muhammadiyah Purwokerto Orphanage who experienced mild and moderate dysmenorrhea pain who did not do other therapy. The results of applying sanyinjiao and hegu point acupressure to reducing dysmenorrhea pain are decreasing the intensity of menstrual pain on an average scale of 1-2 and increasing the skills of young women in dealing with mild to moderate dysmenorrhea independently. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that the respondents can apply the acupressure that has been given and can be used as a way to reduce menstrual pain when menstruation comes.

The Effect of Warm Compress on Reducing Dymenorrhic Pain: Literature Review

Background: Dysmenorrhea is uterine discomfort caused by uterine contractions before and after menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is caused by excessive secretion of prostaglandins, which causes the uterus to enlarge and cause pain. Dysmenorrhea is characterized by abdominal pain, low back pain, nausea and vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, and even fainting. Dysmenorrhea can be treated with medications or non-drugs. Medication carries the risk that it may be unpopular. Its use to treat menstrual problems carries significantly lower risks than non-drug treatments. One way to reduce menstrual cramps is to apply heat. Objective: To explore the effect of warm compress therapy in relieving dysmenorrhea pain through literature review and provide empirical basis. Methods: This study is based on a comprehensive national and international literature review conducted during 2023 using Google Scholar, Research Gate, Publish or Perish using the keywords heat compress, dysmenorrhea. Results: A total of 20 articles from 3 journals were screened and included. The inclusion criterion was the effect of hot compress in relieving dysmenorrhea. It was found that it dropped by about 1.27 after hot compress treatment. And the 20 papers examined showed a significant effect on reducing dysmenorrhea pain, p-value = value <0.05. Conclusion: Hot compress therapy has been shown to be an alternative treatment for menstrual pain relief and is a safe way to treat the pain women experience during menstrual cramps.

The Effect Of Dark Chocolate On The Intensity Of Primary Dysmenorrhea Pain In Female Students

Latar Belakang Dismenorea primer adalah proses normal yang dialami ketika menstruasi. Kram menstruasi primer disebabkan oleh kontraksi otot rahim yang disebabkan oleh zat kimia alami yang diproduksi oleh sel-sel lapisan dinding rahim yang disebut prostaglandin. Prostaglandin akan merangsang otot otot halus dinding rahim berkontraksi, makin tinggi kadar prostaglandin kontraksi akan makin kuat, sehingga rasa nyeri yang dirasakan juga makin hebat.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan dari pemberian dark chocolate terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri dismenorea primer pada siswi Pondok Pesantren Bussaina Labuhan Dalam Bandar Lampung.Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan design pra- eksperimental dengan mengunakan pendekatan rancangan one-group pretest-posttest yaitu mengungkapkan hubungan sebab akibat dengan cara melibatkan satu kelompok subjek perlakuan yang diberikan dark chocolate 70% dengan dosisi 40gr / hari selama 3 hari pertama saat menstruasi, alat uji normalitas menggunakan Shapiro -Wilk dengan p value α = 0,05 dan alat uji statistik non-parametrik Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei – Juni 2022 dengan 25 responden yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang di pilih secara Purposive Sampling dengan mengisi lembar kuisioner untuk mengukur skala nyeri menggunakan metode NRS yang mereka rasakan sebelum dan sesudah di berikan intervensi.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan adanya pengaruh perubahan yang signifikan terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri dismenorea primer dengan pemberian Dark Chocolate dengan nilai p sebesar 0,000 (a < 0,05).Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kandungan yang ada di dalam Dark Chocolate terbukti mampu memberikan efek penurunan nyeri dismenorea primer pada remaja putriSaran agar penelitian ini dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan pada nyeri dismenorea primer dan dapat menjadi referensi untuk pembelajaran pada mahasiswa kesehatan Kata Kunci: Dark Chocolate 70%, Dismenorea Primer, Internsitas Nyeri ABSTRACT Background Primary dysmenorrhea is a normal process experienced during menstruation. Primary menstrual cramps are caused by uterine muscle contractions due to the presence of natural chemicals produced by the cells lining the uterine wall called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins will stimulate the smooth muscles in the uterine wall to have a contraction, the higher the levels of prostaglandins the stronger the contractions, so the pain felt is also getting worse. Purpose This study was to determine the relationship between the giving of dark chocolate and the decrease in the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain in female student at Bussaina Islamic Boarding School in Bandar Lampung.Method was pre-experimental with a one group pretest-posttest approach, which was to reveal a causal relationship by involving one group of treatment subjects who were given 70% dark chocolate at a dose of 40 grams per day for the first three days of menstruation. Normality test tool using Shapiro-Wilk with p value α = 0.05 and non-parametric statistical test tool Wilcoxon signed ranks test. This study was conducted in May-June 2022 with 25 respondents who had met the inclusion criteria selected by purposive sampling by filling out a questionnaire sheet to measure the pain scale using the RNS method that they felt before and after the intervention.The results of this study indicate that there is a significant effect of decreasing the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain by giving dark chocolate with a p value of 0.000 (α˂ 0.05).The conclusion of this research is that the ingredients in Dark Chocolate have been proven to have the effect of reducing primary dysmenorrhoea pain in adolescentSuggestion that this research can be an alternative treatment for primary dysmenorrhea pain and can be a reference for learning for health students Keywords: Dark Chocolate 70%, Primary Dysmenorrhea, Pain Intensity

Effleurage Massage using Rose Essential Oil in Reducing the Intensity of Dysmenorrhea Pain in Adolescent Girls

Background: Dysmenorrhea is pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation which is generally caused by contractions of the myometrium due to prostaglandin production. In Indonesia, 43-93% girls experiencing dysmenorrhea. Effleurage massage using rose essential oil is one of the non-pharmacological methods that can be used to reduce the intensity of pain during dysmenorrhea. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of effleurage massage using rose essential oil on the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a type of non-equivalent control group design. The sample in this study amounted to 24 people who would be divided into 4 treatment groups, namely treatment groups 1 and 2 given effleurage massage using rose essential oil and control groups 1 and 2 given effleurage massage using almond oil, with the duration of each group's massage for 15 minutes and 10 minutes. Data analysis was performed using the Two Way Anova test. Results: The most effective action in reducing the intensity of dysmenorha pain is effleurage massage using rose essential oil for 15 minutes based on the mean value of the Two Way Anova test which is 3.83, and the significance number for massage duration variable 0.015 (significant). Conclusion: The effleurage massage method using rose essential oil can be used as one of the non-pharmacological therapeutic methods in reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain that is easy to apply, especially for adolescent girls when experiencing menstrual pain.

THE INFLUENCE OF GREEN COCONUT WATER (COCOS NUCIFERA LINN VARIETY. VIRIDIS) ON THE REDUCTION OF MENSTRUAL PAIN (DYSMENORRHEA) IN FEMALE STUDENTS OF MTSS BABUN NAJAH BANDA ACEH

Menstruation marks the onset of a woman's reproductive phase. Dysmenorrhea is a common issue among young women, often affecting their daily routines. To alleviate dysmenorrhea symptoms, various approaches, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, have been explored. One such non-pharmacological method involves consuming green coconut water, which is rich in calcium, magnesium, and vitamin C. This research aims to assess the impact of green coconut water (Cocos nucifera Linn variety Viridis) on reducing menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) among students at Babun Najah Islamic State Junior High School in Banda Aceh. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The research population comprised 65 students, with 15 respondents participating in the study. Data collection took place from May 1st to 20th, 2023. The Wilcoxon test results for the pretest conducted on the first day yielded a mean score of 5.133, while the posttest on the third day resulted in a mean score of 0.733, with a significance value of 0.000, indicating a reduction in menstrual pain. The findings of this research suggest that the consumption of green coconut water (Cocos nucifera Linn variety Viridis) can effectively reduce dysmenorrhea among students at Babun Najah Islamic State Junior High School in Banda Aceh. It is recommended that respondents consider incorporating green coconut water into their routines to alleviate dysmenorrhea pain.

The Role of Classical Music Therapy on Dysmenorrhea Pain and Anxiety in Pelita Harapan University Medical Students

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that often occurs in young women. The pain felt in every women can be different from one another. Anxiety experienced by each women can also worsen the menstrual pain. Efforts to treat dysmenorrhea can be in the form of non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is music therapy.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> This study uses an experimental method with random allocation to divide 122 respondents who are medical students of Pelita Harapan University into a control group and an intervention group.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong> The intervention group has been given anexperiment of random allocationin the form of classical music therapy for 20 minutes on the first day of the respondent getting menstruation. As for the control group given 40Hz sound for 20 minutes. The data analyzed using chi-square and wilcoxon test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The results of the study found that the average menstrual pain in the control group before the intervention was 6.11 and after the intervention was 6.07. Meanwhile, in the intervention group, the average menstrual pain before being given classical music therapy was 6.46 and after the intervention was 3.39.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> So that classical music therapy is effective for reducing anxiety by 0.77 and the menstrual pain scale is 3.07 in the group given classical music therapy with P value <0.001.</p>

Title: Immediate Effect Of Physiotherapy Intervention In Subjects With Primary Dysmenorrhea – A Quasi-experimental Study

Background and objective- Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is common among females, it is associate with menstrual pain with absence of an identifiable cause. Physiotherapy is beneficial to improve symptoms in females but there is limited evidence based on immediate effect of Physiotherapy interventions for the treatment of PD. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the immediate effect of physiotherapy interventions in subjects with PD. Methods- Sample size for this study was n=26 as it was based on previous studies. A single group experimental study was conducted among 26 healthy females with age between 18-25 years. The students were screened on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. In order to assess the menstrual pain quality short- form McGill pain questionnaire was used. Results- Results revealed significantly reduction in the menstrual pain and symptoms after the intervention with p-value of 0.00 and 95% of confidence interval. The physiotherapy intervention was beneficial in reduction of pain and symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea among physiotherapy students. Conclusion- The results showed that physiotherapy intervention has highly significant for reducing the pain intensity and the symptoms in subjects with primary dysmenorrhea.

Hubungan Kualitas Tidur, Status Gizi, Dan Tingkat Stres Dengan Derajat Dismenore Primer Pada Remaja Putri Kelas X Di SMAN 7 Malang

Dysmenorrhea, the most commonly experienced menstrual disorder, with a prevalence of 73.27%. There are mild, moderate and severe degrees of dysmenorrhea pain. In Indonesia, the prevalence of dysmenorrhea is 54.89%. Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain without pathology. The study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality, nutritional status, and stress level with the degree of primary dysmenorrhea in class X adolescent girls at SMAN 7 Malang. Analytic observational study design, with cross sectional approach. The study population was 202 students of class X SMAN 7 Malang, with a sample of 74 respondents using simple random sampling. The research instruments were primary dysmenorrhea degree questionnaire using Numeric Rating Scale, sleep quality questionnaire using Pitssburgh Sleep Quality Index, stress level questionnaire using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and measurement of nutritional status using IMT/U calculation. The results of bivariate analysis of the Spearman Rho test, it was found that there was no relationship between sleep quality variables (p = 0.390), nutritional status (p = 0.441), and nutritional status (0.689) with the degree of primary dysmenorrhea.

The effect of coconut water on alleviating menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) in teenage women

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018 stated that the number of dysmenorrhea in the world is very large, on average more than 50% of women in each country experience dysmenorrhea. In the United States, it is estimated that almost 90% of women experience dysmenorrhea and 10-15% of them experience dysmenorrhea severe, which causes them to be unable to carry out any activities. Purpose: To find out "The effect of green coconut water on reducing menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) in adolescent girls at Junior High School 02 Bengkulu City in 2021.Method: This research was conducted using the method Quasi Experiment with a plan one grup pretest posttest design. Random sampling technique total sampling as many as 28 young women experienced it dysmenorrhea currently. Data analysis consists of univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. The sample tests used were Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney and Binary Logistic Regression tests.Results: The results of this study showed that the average pain dysmenorrhea before and after had given coconut water was 5.18 and the average pain after had given coconut water was 2.64. The statistical test results obtained p-value= 0.000, with a mean difference of 2.54 which shows that there is an influence on giving coconut water to young women at Junior High School 02 Bengkulu City in 2021.Conclusion: It is hoped that the school at Junior High School 02 Bengkulu City can optimize School's Health Clinic program services such as increasing the role of officers to implement canteens or school cooperatives to be able to provide coconut water which has the effect of reducing pain dysmenorrhea in teenage girls.

Primary dysmenorrhea among adolescents in the District of Constantine, Algeria

To determine the frequency of dysmenorrhea, its properties and its impact, behaviour of adolescents in the District of Constantine, and to explore the relationship between dysmenorrhea and several presumed risk factors. A cross-sectional study was employed in 562 adolescent girls. A multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to the adolescents. The severity of dysmenorrhea pain was assessed by visual analogy scale. Data were obtained and analysed using SPSS version 22. In the sample, the frequency of dysmenorrhea was 89.7%. In 55.6% of cases the pains appeared after the 1st year of menstruation. The mean intensity of pain was 5.64 + 3.02. Of all adolescents experiencing dysmenorrhea, 51.2% reported moderate pain. 58.7% reported the duration of their menstrual pain as 24 hours or less. 47.30% experienced pain most at onset of menses. A variety of signs were reported mostly nervousness (65.6%), headache (45.9%); depressed mood (35.8%) and painful breast (32.4%). 89.7% reported missing. Only 12.4% of the adolescents consulted a doctor for their dysmenorrhea; 44.7% used a medical prescription and self-medication. The most common medications used were Paracetamol, Phloroglucinol and Diclofenac potassium. 74.5% used herbal treatment to manage their dysmenorrhea. The results show that risk factors that showed significant association with pain severity were family history, duration of menstrual period, nature of menstrual flow and the psychological profile. The frequency of dysmenorrhea among the District of Constantine is high, and the pain that these adolescents suffer can be severe, disabling. Our results suggest that family history, duration and nature of menstrual flow and the psychological profile are important risk factors associated with dysmenorrhea.