Dysidea Fragilis Research Articles

Minor Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from the Marine Sponge Dysidea fragilis

Minor Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers from the Marine Sponge Dysidea fragilis

New sponge records (Porifera) from the Black Sea

This study reports five sponge species (Crambe crambe, Halichondria (Halichondria) bowerbanki, Dysidea incrustans, Dysidea fragilis, and Aplysilla sulfurea) collected from mussel beds (Mytilus galloprovincialis) at one locality along the Black Sea coast of Türkiye (off the coast of Bart ın Province) in June 2018. Among these species, C. crambe and A. sulfurea are new records for the Black Sea fauna, while H (H.) bowerbanki is new to the marine fauna of Türkiye. The morphological and distributional features of the species are given.

İzmir iç ve orta körfezi limanlarından sünger türleri (Ege Denizi, Doğu Akdeniz)

Four sponge species (Sycon raphanus, Sycon ciliatum, Paraleucilla magna and Dysidea fragilis) were found on artificial hard substrata of several ports in the inner and middle parts of Izmir Bay. The invasive alien species Paraleucilla magna, is being recorded for the first time from the Aegean coast of Turkey. It was very abundant almost at all studied ports, covering up to 35% of the sampled surfaces. The morphological and distributional features of the four species are described.

Description of two new species of Dysidea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida, Dysideidae) from Tauranga Harbour, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand.

Differentiation of species within the genus Dysidea Johnston, 1842 (Order Dictyoceratida Minchin, 1900, Family Dysideidae Gray, 1867) is extremely difficult as they lack spicules which are strongly diagnostic in other Demospongiae, and their primary and secondary fibres and the mesh that they form, may be irregular in shape and thickness, thus difficult to measure for comparisons. Here we review species of Dysidea known from the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), validating five species: Dysidea cristagalli Bergquist, 1961a, from the Hauraki Gulf; D. hirciniformis (Carter, 1885a) sensu Dendy (1924), from North Cape; D. navicularis Lendenfeld, 1888, from Port Lyttleton on the east coast of the South Island; D. ramsayi (Lendenfeld, 1888) from the Chatham Islands; D. spiculivora Dendy, 1924, from Cape Maria Van Diemen and the Three Kings Islands to the north of New Zealand. Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818) sensu Bergquist (1961b), from Mernoo Bank on Chatham Rise, is now considered to be invalid, and D. elegans (Nardo, 1847) sensu Brøndsted (1927), from the Coromandel Peninsula, is considered unrecognisable. Several partially characterised species have also been cited in the literature. Two new species from Tauranga Harbour, on the northeast coast of the North Island, Dysidea tuapokere sp. nov. and D. teawanui sp. nov., are described. These descriptions are based on fresh material and in situ photography, facilitating clear, informative descriptions, that will enable ease of identification of these species in the future.

The culturable mycobiota associated with three Atlantic sponges, including two new species: Thelebolus balaustiformis and T. spongiae.

Covering 70 % of Earth, oceans are at the same time the most common and the environment least studied by microbiologists. Considering the large gaps in our knowledge on the presence of marine fungi in the oceans, the aim of this research was to isolate and identify the culturable fungal community within three species of sponges, namely Dysidea fragilis, Pachymatisma johnstonia and Sycon ciliatum, collected in the Atlantic Ocean and never studied for their associated mycobiota. Applying different isolation methods, incubation temperatures and media, and attempting to mimic the marine and sponge environments, were fundamental to increase the number of cultivable taxa. Fungi were identified using a polyphasic approach, by means of morpho-physiological, molecular and phylogenetic techniques. The sponges revealed an astonishing fungal diversity represented by 87 fungal taxa. Each sponge hosted a specific fungal community with more than half of the associated fungi being exclusive of each invertebrate. Several species isolated and identified in this work, already known in terrestrial environment, were first reported in marine ecosystems (21 species) and in association with sponges (49 species), including the two new species Thelebolus balaustiformis and Thelebolus spongiae, demonstrating that oceans are an untapped source of biodiversity.

Two sesquiterpene aminoquinones protect against oxidative injury in HaCaT keratinocytes via activation of AMPKα/ERK-Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling

AimsTo investigate the cytoprotective effects of two sesquiterpene aminoquinones isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea fragilis, Dysidaminone H (DA8) and 3′-methylamino-avarone (DA14), we examined their effects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury in human keratinocyte cell line and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Main methodsCell viability was detected using a CCK-8 assay kit. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured by fluorescence of 2, 7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Messenger RNA and protein expression were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis. Immunocytochemistry was performed to determine the intracellular location of nuclear factorerythroid 2 p45 related factor 2 (Nrf2). The antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA interference were used to establish the role of ARE and Nrf2. Key findingsDA8 and DA14 (DAs) resisted H2O2induced decline of cell viability by inhibiting the accumulation of ROS. Meanwhile, DAs increased HO-1 expression and ARE activity and induced Nrf2 expression, as well as the accumulation of Nrf2 in the cell nucleus. However, silencing of Nrf2 abolished DAs-induced HO-1 expression and ARE luciferase activation. In addition, DAs induced the phosphorylation of both cyclic AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), while specific inhibitors of AMPKα and ERK abrogated HO1 upregulation and Nrf2 activation. SignificanceDAs provided cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by activation of the Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 pathway via phosphorylation of AMPKα and ERK. The findings suggested that DA8 and DA14 might be the candidate therapeutic agents for skin diseases caused by oxidative injury.

Antimicrobial activities of secondary metabolites and phylogenetic study of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria, Bacillus sp. at Agatti Island, Lakshadweep Archipelago

Twenty-one species of sponges were recorded under the class of Demospongiae and Calcareous sponges of which 19 species were new to Agatti reef. A total of 113 Sponge endosymbiotic bacterial strains were isolated from twenty-one species of sponges and screened for antimicrobial activity. Five bacterial strains of sponge endosymbiotic bacteria (SEB) namely SEB32, SEB33, SEB36, SEB43 and SEB51 showed antimicrobial activity against virulent marine fish pathogens such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas salmonicida, Flavobacterium sp., Edwardsiella sp., Proteus mirabilis and Citrobacter brackii. The secondary metabolites produced by SEB32 from sponge Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818) [48] was selected with broad range of antibacterial activity and subjected for production, characterization by series of chromatography techniques and spectroscopic methods. Based on the results of FT-IR and mass spectrometry, the active molecule was tentatively predicted as “Pyrrol” and the structure is Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro- with molecular formula of C7H10N2O2. The LC50 of active molecule was 31μg/ml and molecular weight of the metabolites was 154. The potential strain SEB32 was identified by gene sequence (GenBank Accession number JX985748) and identified as Bacillus sp. from GenBank database.

Antagonistic activity of marine sponges associated Actinobacteria

Objective: To focus on the isolation and preliminary characterization of marine sponges associated Actinobacteria particularly Streptomyces species and also their antagonistic activities against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Methods: The sponges were collected from Kovalam and Vizhinjam port of south-west coast of Kerala, India. Isolation of strains was carried out from sponge extracts using international Streptomyces project media. For preliminary identification of the strains, morphological (mycelial colouration, soluble pigments, melanoid pigmentation, spore morphology), nutritional uptake (carbon utilisation, amonoacids influence, sodium chloride tolerance), physiological (pH, temperature) and chemotaxonomical characterization were done. Antimicrobial studies were also carried out for the selected strains. Results: With the help of the spicule structures, the collected marine sponges were identified as Callyspongia diffusa, Mycale mytilorum, Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis. Nearly 94 strains were primarily isolated from these sponges and further they were sub-cultured using international Streptomyces project media. The strains exhibited different mycelial colouration (aerial and substrate), soluble and melanoid pigmentations. The strains possessed three types of sporophore morphology namely rectus flexibilis, spiral and retinaculiaperti. Among the 94 isolates, seven exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities with maximal zone of inhibition of 30 mm. The nutritional, physiological and chemotaxonomical characteristic study helped in the conventional identification of the seven strains and they all suggest that the strains to be grouped under the genus Streptomyces. Conclusions: The present study clearly helps in the preliminary identification of the isolates associated with marine sponges. Antagonistic activities prove the production of antimicrobial metabolites against the pathogens. Marine sponges associated Streptomyces are universally well known for their synthesis of many bioactive compounds such as antibiotics, enzymes, enzyme inhibitors and food grade pigments. They also have certain biotechnological applications like probiotics and single cell proteins. These marine Streptomyces bioactive metabolites can be the futuristic solution for the dreadful diseases.

Bis-sesquiterpene from the Marine Sponge Dysidea fragilis

Two new sesquiterpenes and one new bis-sesquiterpene, named dysinidins C-E (1-3) along with three known sterols, dysideasterol F, 9α,l lα-epoxycholest-7-en-3β,5α,6α-triol, and 9α,11α-epoxycholest-7-en-3β,5α,6α,19-tetrol 6-acetate (4-6) were isolated from the Vietnamese marine sponge Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1814). Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopies and HR-ESI-MS, as well as by comparison with reported literature data. Compounds 4-6 were found to inhibit eight human cancer cell lines (KB, LU-1, HL-60, LNCaP, SK-Mel-2, HepG-2, MCF-7, and PC-3), with IC50 values ranging from 7.3 to 31.5 µM.

Isolation, characterization and evaluation of the biotechnological potential of bacteria present in the sponge Dysidea fragilis

Event Abstract Back to Event Isolation, characterization and evaluation of the biotechnological potential of bacteria present in the sponge Dysidea fragilis Duarte Nuno Carvalho1, Inês M. Franco1, Cristiana I. Gastão1, Susana M. F. Ferreira1, 2* and Maria M. Sampaio1 1 MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal 2 CFE – Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal To evaluate the biotechnological potential of microorganisms associated with Dysidea fragilis, 248 bacteria were isolated and characterized, after the solubilization of a portion of lyophilized sponge, caught in the central Atlantic coast of Portugal. Initially colonies were selected based on their phenotypical analysis. They were submitted to Gram and oxidase tests. At this stage, 32 colonies were chosen. In the next step, 16 colonies presenting the highest specific growth rates were selected. The specific growth rate and the dry weight value are important parameters to select species with biotechnological potential for industrial applications. Afterwards, antimicrobial, antioxidant (DPPH radical assay), antifungal and enzymatic activities were evaluated. The antimicrobial tests were made with fish pathogens (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscida and Aeromonas hidrophyla), but none of the selected colonies registered any inhibitory growth capacity. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that they still might be helpful in fighting other types of pathogens. The microorganism that presented better antioxidant and antifungal activities was the isolated colony Dic 33, but Dic 20 also had an interesting antioxidant capacity. The colonies that presented better proteolytic and amylolytic enzymatic activities were Dic 13, 18, 29 and 33. The colony that presented the highest biotechnological potential, according to the tests performed, was the isolated colony Dic 33. This microorganism answered the specific objectives of the present study and it is as promising bacteria for future use as a probiotic. Therefore, further studies are needed, namely to identify the species through genetic sequencing techniques. In sum, the sponge Dysidea fragilis holds a microbial fauna exhibiting important characteristics for industrial application. It is why similar studies are pertinent in scientific research and should be continued, as in the particular case of this species. The authors Duarte Nuno Carvalho and Inês M. A. Franco contributed in the same way. Acknowledgements This work could not have been possible without the support and help of a diversified group of people, to whom we owe many thanks, specifically: Prof. Doctor Alexandra Cruz, Prof. Doctor Américo Rodrigues, Prof. Doctor Carla Tecelão, Prof. Doctor Clélia Afonso, MSc. Susete Pintéus and Dr. Pedro Ramalho. This study had the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013 granted to MARE. Keywords: Antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme, growth rate, Isolation, Microorganism, probiotic Conference: IMMR | International Meeting on Marine Research 2016, Peniche, Portugal, 14 Jul - 15 Jul, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster presentation Topic: Blue Biotechnology Citation: Carvalho D, Franco IM, Gastão C, Ferreira S and Sampaio M (2016). Isolation, characterization and evaluation of the biotechnological potential of bacteria present in the sponge Dysidea fragilis. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: IMMR | International Meeting on Marine Research 2016. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2016.04.00059 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 14 May 2016; Published Online: 13 Jul 2016. * Correspondence: Prof. Susana M. F. Ferreira, MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Peniche, Portugal, susana.ferreira@ipleiria.pt Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Duarte Nuno Carvalho Inês M Franco Cristiana I. Gastão Susana M. F. Ferreira Maria M. Sampaio Google Duarte Nuno Carvalho Inês M Franco Cristiana I. Gastão Susana M. F. Ferreira Maria M. Sampaio Google Scholar Duarte Nuno Carvalho Inês M Franco Cristiana I. Gastão Susana M. F. Ferreira Maria M. Sampaio PubMed Duarte Nuno Carvalho Inês M Franco Cristiana I. Gastão Susana M. F. Ferreira Maria M. Sampaio Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Sesquiterpenes from the Vietnamese Marine Sponge Dysidea Fragilis

Two new sesquiterpenes, named dysinidins A-B (3, 4) along with two known sesquiterpenes, furodysinin lactone (1) and O-methyl urodysinin lactone (2), were isolated from the Vietnamese marine sponge Dysidea fragilis. Their structures were determined by ID- and 2D-NMR spectroscopies and HR ESI MS, as well as by comparison with reported literature data. None of compounds showed inhibitory growth of human lung cancer cell lines, A-549 and H-1975 (IC50 > 30 μM).

ChemInform Abstract: Dysifragilones A—C, Unusual Sesquiterpene Aminoquinones and Inhibitors of NO Production from the South China Sea Sponge Dysidea fragilis.

AbstractThree unusual sesquiterpene aminoquinones based on a rearranged avarone skeleton, dysifragilones A (Ia), B (Ib), and C (II), are isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea fragilis.

Dysifragilones A–C, Unusual Sesquiterpene Aminoquinones and Inhibitors of NO Production from the South China Sea Sponge Dysidea fragilis

AbstractDysifragilones A–C (1–3), three unusual sesquiterpene aminoquinones based on a rearranged avarone skeleton, were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis. Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis, and their absolute configurations were assigned from calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The inhibitory activity of each compound on the production of nitric oxide (NO) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated. Of the three metabolites, dysifragilone A (1) showed the most potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 6.61 ± 0.54 μM.

Effect of Actinobacteria as a single cell protein on growth performance of Xiphophorus helleri

The potential of Marine Actinobacteria particularly Streptomyces as a single cell protein (SCP) feed for the growth of ornamental fish, Xiphophorus helleri has been investigated. The Streptomyces strains used as SCP were isolated from the marine sponges, namely Callyspongia diffusa , Mycale mytilorum , Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis . Six SCP feeds were prepared and their effects were compared with those of control diet. After 30 days of feeding trials, the growth parameters including absolute growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were found to be significantly ( P <0.001) higher in groups that received SCP feed than those of control one, whereas feed conversion ratio was lower. Thus it was found that in addition to being effective antibiotic agents against harmful pathogens, Streptomyces could also promote the growth of fish effectively. Marine Actinobacteria, particularly Streptomyces, could play an important role as a single cell protein (SCP) in aquaculture nutrition and is a promising microbe for the development of marine biotechnology.

Dysidaminones A–M, cytotoxic and NF-κB inhibitory sesquiterpene aminoquinones from the South China Sea sponge Dysidea fragilis

Structural determination, absolute configuration assignments, and biological activities of new sesquiterpene aminoquinones from Dysidea fragilis.

Comparative Ultrastructural and Biochemical Studies of Four Demosponges from Gulf of Mannar, India

Marine sponge explorations at Gulf of Mannar (GoM), India in the past few years (2003-2009) revealed around forty sponge species that lead to various comprehensive studies on chemicobiological molecules including collagens and their applications. Basing on the preliminary evaluations on collagen content, four marine sponges Hyattella cribriformis , Fasciospongia cavernosa , Callyspongia fibrosa and Dysidea fragilis belong to the families Spongiidae, Thorectidae, Callyspongiidae and Dysideidae of the class Demospongiae, were chosen for macromolecular and micro-anatomical comparison. Microscopic examinations were performed to understand the form and arrangement of skeletal components in each sponge, where unique skeletal composition and spongin distribution is typical for all the sponges except D. fragilis , which is highly embedded with diversified oxeae. Biochemical analyses were performed to resolve the macromolecular content for each sponge species. Sponge D. fragilis was found to possess less protein content (57.26±3.36 mg/g freeze-dried sponge wt) when compared to other sponges and significantly, C. fibrosa possess high protein (209.55±9.53 mg/g) and other macromolecular contents, except pentose (24.12±1.21 mg/g). Different forms of collagens viz ., Acid soluble (AS), salt soluble (SS) and insoluble (Ins) collagens are estimated to understand the variation in collagen make up in their respective tissues. The higher collagen content in C. fibrosa could propose to use this species as a potential model for targeting collagenous molecules towards human health benefits.

Turning the game around: toxicity in a nudibranch-sponge predator–prey association

Escalation theory proposes enemy-related selection as the most relevant factor of natural selection among individual organisms. When hazardous to predators, prey might be considered enemies that influence predator evolution. Opisthobranch molluscs that prey on chemically defended prey are an interesting study case on this subject. Predation on chemically defended species paved the way for opisthobranchs to enter in an arms race, developing means to detoxify and/or excrete harmful compounds, which led to the sequestration of those compounds and their self-defensive use, an escalation of defenses. Here we aim to understand whether the opisthobranch predator is better protected than its chemically defended prey, using as predator–prey model, a nudibranch (Hypselodoris cantabrica) and the sponge it preys upon (Dysidea fragilis), and from which it obtains deterrent chemical compounds. Specimens of both species were collected on the Portuguese coast, and their crude extracts were analyzed and used in palatability tests. Nudibranchs revealed a higher natural concentration of crude extract, probably due to a progressive accumulation of the compounds. Both predator and prey extracts revealed similar mixtures of deterrent metabolites (furanosesquiterpenes). Palatability tests revealed a more effective deterrence in the nudibranch extracts because significant rejection rates were observed at lower concentrations than those necessary for the sponge extracts to have the same effect. We concluded that the predator is chemically better protected than its prey, which suggests that its acquisition of chemical defenses reveals a defensive escalation.

Antagonistic potential of marine Actinobacteria against fish and shellfish pathogens

A total of 94 marine actinobacterial isolates were found to be associated with 4 sponges: Callyspongia diffusa, Mycale mytilorum, Tedania anhelans, and Dysidea fragilis. Among the cultures 7 strains showed antagonism against fish and shellfish pathogens. Analysis of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and protein profile characteristics suggested that the actinobacterial strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces. The initial screening of the isolates by the spot inoculation method exhibited antibacterial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila. In vitro screening of the submerged culture extracts showed positive inhibition against the fish and shellfish pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila, Serratia sp., and Vibrio spp. The screening of bioactive compounds by UV spectrum confirmed the production of polyene substances, which resulted in absorbance peaks ranging from 225 to 245 nm. In TLC analysis the R_f values ranged from 0.40 to 0.78. The results indicate that the Streptomyces strains isolated from marine sponges produce potential bioactive compounds against fish and shellfish pathogens.

ChemInform Abstract: Two New Unprecedented Acetonyl‐Bearing Sesquiterpenes from the Hainan Sponge Dysidea fragilis.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

Bioactive potential of Streptomyces associated with marine sponges

The present work deals with isolation of Streptomyces associated with marine sponges and its bioactive potential. Streptomyces sp. were isolated from the marine sponges Callyspongia diffusa, Mycale mytilorum, Tedania anhelans and Dysidea fragilis. From the initial screening, 94 cultures of Streptomyces were obtained and from these 58 cultures exhibited antagonism against bacteria, 36 strains against fungi and 27 strains exhibited broad spectrum activity against both. The submerged culture extracts of the 58 anti-bacterial isolates were analysed and of these 58 strains, 37 strains showed positive inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, 43 against Staphylococcus aureus, 10 against Vibrio cholerae and 10 against Escherichia coli. The antifungal activities of the 36 strains were also evaluated and 27 strains showed positive inhibition against Aspergillus niger, 23 against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 16 against Candida albicans. The production of polyene substances from the active extracts was confirmed by UV spectral analysis by the absorbance peaks that ranged from 225 to 262 nm and the TLC (Rf values) ranging from 0.40 to 0.78. The results indicate that Streptomyces strains isolated from marine sponges produce potential antibacterial, antifungal and broad spectrum antibiotic compounds.