Dynamics Of Main Parameters Research Articles

IMPROVING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS

The global climate system shows signs of rapid changes called a Climatic Transition in specialized literature. The article has studied climate trends in territorial (global, macro-climatic, meso-climatic, and micro-climatic) and time limits (historical overview; current state; long-term, medium-term, and short-term prospects). The most probable medium-term forecasts until 2050 have been taken as a basis. The climate data analysis for the previous 60 years has been carried out and continued by our research with linear averaging of data for 2009-2020, the dynamics of main parameters changes on the territory of Ukraine and for Lviv city have been determined. The main requirements for architectural solutions in various climatic conditions have been formulated. Correlation analysis of energy efficiency improvements in architecture and current external micro-climatic conditions has been performed. It has been proposed to make appropriate changes to the regulatory documents.

AEROBIC COMPOSTING OF MIXING SEWAGE SLUDGE WITH GREEN WASTE FROM LAWN GRASS

Biological decomposition process is an important goal in terms of pollution reduction. By composting, the organic waste can be converted into compost and can be used for agricultural purposes, to improve the soil quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the behavior of materials such as sewage sludge and green waste during composting, their compatibility in mixtures and the quality of the end product. Also, the study highlighted the technical and operational characteristics of a composting system on a laboratory scale. The main advantage of this laboratory scale experiment is the reduced processing time and the fact that it can be fast adapted to different experimental conditions. The pilot scale experiment allowed to investigate the dynamics of main parameters during the composting process and provide the basis for an efficient design process. The elaborated composting process is a convenient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly process for biodegradable organic waste management, being also a feasible and controllable process. The best intervals for physico-chemical parameter values that were obtained at the end of the composting process are: pH in the range of 8.2 8.6; moisture content in the range of 59.9 % 65.8 %; organic matter in the range of 81.9 % 91.6 %; the C/N ratio in the range of 17.5 18.7. The obtained results show that all composting variants lead to the production of a quality compost that can be used in agriculture.

Вплив природних факторів на динаміку букового (fagus sylvatica L.) пралісу Українських карпат

Міжнародні дослідження 15-річної динаміки букового пралісу проведено на 10-гектарному стаціонарному дослідному об'єкті в Угольському масиві Карпатського біосферного заповідника. Проаналізовано вплив вітровалу 2007 р. та потепління клімату на структурні елементи екосистеми пралісу. Виявлено достовірні зміни окремих показників пралісу внаслідок сильного впливу вітру: найбільші коливання характерні для густоти дерев – після втрати 10 % (у 2007 р.) вже в 2010 р. густота збільшилася на 6, а в 2015 р. – на 59 %; істотно зріс і запас мертвої деревини (відповідно на 41 та 6 %); відносне зменшення найбільшим було для кількості підросту (на 19 та 14 %); зменшення запасу деревини було вже меншим (на 7 і 4 %); зменшення суми площ поперечного перетину було неістотним (на 4 і 2 %). Аналіз реакції букового пралісу на сильний вплив вітру підтверджує гіпотезу про максимальну стійкість таких лісових екосистем до стихійних явищ, а ідентифіковані кількісні зміни дали змогу розробити принципову схему сильного впливу вітру на праліс. Дискусійним залишається питання збільшення приросту за діаметром під впливом потепління клімату – у 2010 і в 2015 рр. воно було достовірним для більшості ступенів товщини, але на його динаміку вплинув також і вітровал через зрідження намету.

Dynamics of quasi-empty rupture in the layer of cavitating liquid under SW-loading

The problem of formation and collapse of a quasi-empty rupture in the layer of a cavitating liquid under shock wave (SW) loading is considered. The SW-pulse is generated in the layer by electro-magnetic hydrodynamic shock tube in a result of high-voltage discharge of capacitor bank on a flat helical coil. The latter is located right up to the bottom (conducting membrane) of container with the layer of two-phase distilled liquid. The analysis of the experimental data shows that the rupture is shaped as a spherical segment, which retains its topology during the entire process of its evolution and collapse. It was shown that potential energy of maximum volume of rupture at its collapse is practically transformed in acoustical losses (SW-radiation) and rupture disappears. Dynamics of main parameters and an existence time of rupture were determined. The analysis of cavitating nuclei state in the form of thin layer on an entire interface of rupture shows that in the field of rupture collapse the thin cavitating layer is transformed to a cavitating cluster. The latter takes the form of a ring-shaped bubbly vortex floating upward to the free surface of the liquid layer. A р-к two-phase mathematical model was formulated, and calculations were performed to investigate the collapse of a quasi-empty spherical cavity (rupture model) in the unbounded cavitating liquid, generation of ultra-short shock wave and to discover the dynamic growth of micro-bubbles in a cluster by five orders of magnitude. [Work supported by RFBR Grant 15-05-03336.]