Dynamics Of Live Weight Research Articles

Meat productivity of quail of the Pharaoh breed after drinking a biotechnologicum supplementum (Suspension of Chlorella sorokiniana)

Currently, the use of microalgae as feed additives is gaining more and more popularity in the poultry industry. Microalgae are rich in bioactive metabolites that have demonstrated powerful antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiviral properties. Adding a small amount of such an additive to traditional feed has a positive effect on the health and well-being of birds, as well as the quality and quantity of products. The results of the study of meat productivity of quail of the Pharaoh breed after drinking Chlorella sorokiniana suspension are given. The research was conducted on quails during the period of cultivation from 1 to 60 days. To conduct the experiment, two groups (control and experimental) of 30 heads each were formed from day-old birds. Quails were kept in vivarium conditions, in battery cages in compliance with established microclimate requirements. Poultry of both groups received combined feed, developed taking into account age and physiological characteristics. With drinking water, the birds of the experimental group received a chlorella suspension for 60 days. Counting of the quail population and their weighing was carried out weekly, starting from day-old age. The following indicators were determined: preservation, dynamics of live weight, average daily growth of live weight. Based on the results of the control slaughter, the weight of the carcass and the weight of the edible part were determined. Slaughter qualities and morphological composition of quail carcasses were determined by anatomical dissection with determination of the following parameters: pre-slaughter weight, weight of semi-carcasses, carcases of carcases, slaughter yield, weight of edible parts. Drinking chlorella suspension of young quails increased their preservation by 3,83 %, live weight, and absolute growth by 21,0 and 0,57 g (Р<0,05), respectively. Addition of Chlorella sorokiniana suspension to drinking water of quails contributed to an increase in their pre-slaughter weight by 20,0 g, and their weight by 21,0 g compared to the control group. Quail carcasses of the research group were characterized by a higher yield of edible parts compared to birds that consumed clean water. Key words: biotechnology, Chlorella sorokiniana suspension, biotechnological parameters, cultivation, photobioreactor, quails of the Pharaoh breed, body weight, growth, slaughter parameters, weight of carcass, weight of internal organs, output of edible parts.

Current state and ways to increase the dairy productivity of camels in the south-western region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Abstract Increasing the dairy productivity of camels is an urgent task for many countries where these animals are of great importance as a source of dairy and meat. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and select heavy milk-producing camels for breeding by genotyping, studying the genealogical structure, and selecting related groups with high productivity. To achieve this goal, the number of camel herds in the south-western region of Kazakhstan was monitored during 2020–2022 to study their external characteristics, live weight dynamics, and milk productivity. As a result, it was found that in female camels for 12 months of lactation, the average daily milk yields of the Arvana breed were 7.4 kg, with milk yield for lactation of 2682.8 kg of milk, and in the Bactrian breed with average daily milk yields of 5.8 kg of milk, milk yield for lactation was 1186.3 kg. It was also revealed that the herds of Arvana camels have 15 breeders, and the herds of Bactrian camels have 14 breeders, which are characterised by a sufficient number of offspring for selection and breeding to improve the productive qualities of animals. In addition, it was found that in the herds of Arvana camels, the descendants of the breeders of “Tekele-lek”, “Kara-lek”, “Zhana-lek”, “Mayakum-lek”, “Yrys-lek” and “Shilikti-lek”, and in the herds of Bactrian camels, “Bal-bura”, “Kulsary-bura”, “Zhas-bura”, “Taushyk-II-bura”, “Sakon-bura”, “Konai-bura”, and “Kulandy-bura” noted high milk productivity. It was found that in the milk of camels of the Arvana breed, the content of nonfat milk solids was 8.3%, the density was 27.66 g/cm 3 , the acidity was 19 0 T, in the milk of the Bactrian breed, these indicators were, respectively: 8.23%, 27.81 g/cm, 3 and 19 0 T. The results obtained are of great practical importance, as they can be applied to create new methods and technologies for managing camel herds that will help increase their dairy productivity.

Использование жиров различного происхождения в комбикормах для бройлеров

Purpose. Determination of the effectiveness of using fats of various origins in compound feed for broiler chickens. Materials and Мethods. A scientific and economic experiment was carried out on 4 groups of broiler chickens of the Cobb-500 cross at the Verkhnevolzhskaya Poultry Farm (Russia, Tver region). The poultry-rearing period was 37 days. Broilers in the control group received the main diet according to the growing phases; for chickens in the experimental groups, part of the sunflower oil in the diet was replaced with animal feed fat "Olisa": in group 2 – 0.5% in CCF Rost, 1.0% in Finish-1 and Finish- 2; in group 3 – 1.0% in CCF Rost, 1.5% in Finish-1 and Finish-2; in group 4 – 1.5% in CCF Rost, 2.0% in Finish-1 and Finish-2. The dynamics of live weight were recorded by weekly control weighing of broiler chickens. The safety of the poultry population was determined by counting dead birds. The absolute and average daily gain in live weight, the cost of feed per 1 kg of gain in live weight, the productivity index and other indicators were also determined during the growing process. Results. The introduction of 1.5% animal feed fat “Olisa” into the compound feed instead of part of the sunflower oil in CCF Rost and 2.0% in Finish-1 and Finish-2 contributed to an increase in both the average daily and absolute gain in live weight. The latter indicator was higher in broiler chickens of the fourth experimental group by 8.6% compared to the control group. Poultry from the same group had a higher meat yield per 1 m2 of floor area. Their productivity index was higher than in the control group by 6.6%. At the same time, the safety of poultry population in all groups participating in the experiment was high. Conclusion. Replacing part of the sunflower oil in feed with animal fat in the optimal dosage contributes to obtain high live weight, daily gain, safety of broiler chickens and productivity index.

Prospects for the use of feed biologically active additive NAA in rearing of quails

The purpose of the research was to determine the effectiveness of using different doses of a feed biologically active additive NAA when rearing of quails. In an experiment to determine the effectiveness of using different doses of feed additive, data on the dynamics of live weight, growth rate, livestock livability, and feed conversion in quails of breed of meat productivity Pharaoh were studied. The results of slaughter, the results of anatomical cutting and the weight of internal organs were analyzed. A veterinary and sanitary inspection of quail carcasses was carried out. The amino acid composition of muscle tissue has been studied. During the experiment, the microclimate of the poultry house where the experimental quails were housed was controlled; microclimate complied with generally accepted standards. The results obtained indicate that the most eff ective of the three tested dosages (0,5 ml, 1,0 ml and 2,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed) turned out to be a dose of 1,0 ml per 1 kg of compound feed. With the introduction of 1,0 ml of feed additive per 1 kg of compound feed throughout the entire technological cycle of quails rearing, the live weight of the quails at 56 days of age was higher by 9,23 %, the average daily gain was higher by 9,50 %, and the livability of livestock was higher by 3,41 abs.%, slaughter yield by 1,7 abs.%, weight of all muscles by 7,5 g compared to the control group. A veterinary and sanitary examination of quail carcasses did not reveal any pathological changes. The smell was characteristic of fresh meat. The internal organs were located physiologically correctly. The positive effect of the feed biologically active additive NAA on the amino acid composition of muscle tissue has been established.

Beef productivity of steers of different productivity

The purpose of the work was to compare the indicators of beef productivity of steers of different breeds and different productivity. The results of assessing the growth intensity and slaughter traits of steers have been presented in the article. The object of the research was steers of Black-and-White (dairy productivity) and Simmental (dairy and beef productivity) breeds. When studying the fattening traits of steers, the dynamics of live weight, its absolute, average daily and relative gains were established. When assessing meat traits, the live weight after fattening and pre-slaughter weight, slaughter weight and slaughter yield were determined, and a tasting assessment of the meat and broth was carried out. When comparing the beef productivity indicators of steers of two breeds, it was found that the breed of animals had a signifi cant infl uence on live weight and its growth. At the end of the rearing period, animals of Simmental breed had the highest live weight 496,0 kg; for steers of Blackand- White breed the fi gure was significantly lower 449,5 kg. When slaughtering animals, carcasses with the high slaughter yield were obtained. The largest carcass weight and slaughter yield were in animals of Simmental breed: 275,7 kg and 58,8 % (p ≤ 0,01), respectively. The results of the tasting assessment showed that the meat of Simmental steers was superior in organoleptic qualities to the meat of steers of Black-and-White breed. Thus, in order to increase the volume of beef production and improve its quality with optimal technological indicators in the Penza region, it is recommended to breed steers of Blackand-White breed, and to obtain high-quality beef, to rear animals of Simmental breed.

Dynamics of live weight and insulin concentration in the blood of growing heifers of different breeds

Purpose: The study of the dynamics of insulin in the blood of growing heifers of different breeds.Materials and methods. The object of the study were heifers of the Calledinized Black-Black-Avoid, Simumal, Aberdeine-Anga and brown heifers obtained as a result of the intersection of Simmental х Aberdine –angus rocks in each group. The study of animals was grown in the same conditions. Blood for the study of insulin was taken from the tail vein until morning feeding at birth, aged 3, 6, 12 and 15 months. Weighing experimental animals was also carried out at the indicated time.Results. At birth, the golpinized black festival, simulars and place-codes in live weight significantly exceeded the peers of Aberdin-Angus. The differences in relation to Aberdin-Anguss were statistically reliable (p_ 0.05). At the age of 15, due to the black and qualified breed, statistically reliable differences at this age were noted in Aberdin Anges and Montflowers (P<0.05). Statistically reliable differences (P<0.05) were also noted between the five property and Simmental. The average daily growth of blacks and pollen from birth to 15 months was 875.7 g, in the Simmental 902.1 g, in Aberdina-Angus 911.7 g, for estates of 947.5 g. The level of bloodshed at birth was almost the same in all in all animal breeds. Thus, in black heels it was 7.4 ± 0.5, in Simmental-7.2 ± 4.4, in Aberdine-Angas-7.0 ± 4.8, in estates-7.2 ± 3.4 MKM/ml. By 3 months, the level of insulin increased in all experimental groups of heifers. In the future, with an increase in the age of the animals, the concentration of this hormone in the blood has not changed. At the age of the 3rd and 6-month age between the heifers of the simultaneous, Aberdin-Angus, animals, as well as breeds with black sand, a statistically reliable difference is established (P<0.05). In the future, under the age of 15 months, the concentration of insulin in the blood changes illegally, but it should be noted that a relatively low concentration during all growth periods was noted in the heifers of the black and qualifying department of the breed.

Characteristics of rabbits of domestic breeds and ways to increase their productivity in the region of the Middle Urals

Russia today occupies one of the last places in the world in the production of rabbit meat (about 10–15 thousand tons per year). In order to increase the production of rabbit meat in Russia imported meat breeds and crosses are being bred, existing domestic breeds are being improved. The housing of imported breeds and crosses requires the construction of expensive rabbit houses with climate control. The most popular domestic breeds in different regions of Russia are White giant – 12,87 % and Soviet chinchilla – 9,35 %, which are acclimatized to the harsh climatic conditions of our country and do not require large costs for housing. The purpose of the research was to characterize rabbits of domestic breeds and analyze ways to increase their productivity in the region of the Middle Urals. It has been proved on the base of comprehensive studies that rabbits of Soviet chinchilla and White giant breeds have changed the parameters of the conformation, live weight, and the intensity of growth of young animals in the direction of meat productivity. The influence of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microfl ora of young rabbits on the dynamics of live weight has been proved. The positive effect of the use of line breeding on the growth rate of young animals under the conditions of the Middle Urals has been established. The analysis of economic data showed that the profit from the sale of meat of rabbits of Soviet chinchilla breed grown up to 3 months of age and was 4,09 % higher compared to herdmates of White giant breed. At the same time, when slaughtered at the age of 110 days, the indicators were higher in White giant rabbits, which should be taken into account when conducting breeding work with these breeds.

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ ДОБАВКИ В КОРМЛЕНИИ СВИНОМАТОК

The article presents data on the use of the enzyme preparation Roxazim G2 G and the enzyme-probiotic preparation Vitacell in the composition of complete compound feeds for pregnant and lactating sows. The effect of feeding 0.25% of the dry matter of the diet of feed stimulants on the reproductive qualities of sows, on the dynamics of live weight and digestibility of nutrients was studied. According to the research results, it was revealed that these additives had a positive effect on metabolic processes in the body of sows, which in turn allowed to increase absolute and average daily gains, increase the digestibility of nutrients in the diet and reproductive functions.

Determining the medical and biological safety of meat-containing polycomponent products based on regional raw materials

This paper reports medical and biological studies of semi­finished meat product and meat­containing semi­smoked sausage on laboratory rats. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the developed products on the dynamics of live weight, the state of internal organs and tissues, general and biochemical parameters of the blood of animals when they are introduced into the standard diet in the amount of 30 %. The studies were conducted on 30 white nonlinear rats weighing 145–150 g, of which one control and two experimental groups were formed, according to the principle of the method of analog groups.It is proved that the introduction of meat­containing multicomponent products with a high protein content into the diet of rats in the amount of 30 % of the standard diet contributes to the intensification of animal growth processes. It was confirmed that the increase in live body weight of rats after 21 days of the experiment amounted to 33–38 %, which is larger than that in control by 69–90 %. No negative impact on the state of the internal organs of rats from the consumption of the developed products was detected.It was found that the inclusion of meat­containing multicomponent products in the diet of rats contributes to an increase in erythropoiesis by 12.66 % compared to the starting data. The inclusion of products in the diet does not significantly change the content of leukocytes and platelets while increasing blood saturation with hemoglobin by 45.83–58.33 % higher compared to control animals.The introduction into the diet of laboratory rats of meat­containing multicomponent products has an anabolic effect and contributes to an increase in the concentration of hemoglobin by 42.12 %, total protein by 4.79 %, creatinine by 19.68 %. In laboratory rats, there is a decrease in glucose by an average of 8.17 %, which indicates an intensification of processes in muscle tissue. Enhanced protein synthesis due to increased catabolism leads to an increase in bilirubin concentration by 19.12–21.97 % compared to control rats. Medical and biological studies of meat­containing multicomponent products can be applied in practice to confirm their safety

Productivity of broiler chickens using the optimal dosage of zinc proteinate

According to the results of the conducted research, a positive influence of the use of zinc proteinate on the dynamics of live weight and average daily growth of broiler chickens was set. The advantages of using zinc proteinate over sulfate are shown, and the defined prospects of its use in the content of compound feed for broiler chickens are determined. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that feeding zinc proteinate makes it possible to reliably increase the live weight and average daily growth of broiler chickens in different age periods of their growth. Thus, using zinc proteinate in doses corresponding to the input of 50 and 30 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed increases the live weight of broiler chickens of the second and third experimental groups by 125.7 and 177.7 g or 5.1 and 7.2 %. The average daily weight gain for the entire growing period was: in chickens of the first control group, 58.4 g, in the second experimental group – 61.4 g, and in the third experimental group, 62.6 g. According to the results of the conducted scientific and economic experiment, it was set that the use of zinc proteinate in a dose corresponding to 30 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed contributes to better use of feed nutrients, which leads to a probable increase in the average daily growth of broiler chickens starting from the second decade of cultivation while reducing costs fodder. Using zinc proteinate in a dose corresponding to 50 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed also contributes to better use of feed nutrients. However, it leads to a probable increase in the average daily growth of broiler chickens only starting from the third decade of cultivation. According to the results of control weighings, it was found that the live weight of broiler chickens of experimental groups 2 and 3 began to exceed the live weight of broiler chickens of the control group starting from 14 days of age and until the end of fattening (Р < 0.05). The research showed the advantages of introducing zinc to compound feed in the form of proteinate over sulfate. The dose corresponding to introducing 30 g of the element per 1 ton of compound feed is more effective.

Evaluation of rations of high-yielding cows with different energy levels

The materials of the publication reflect the results of scientific research conducted on the Simmental breed dairy cows in the conditions of the “Pchany-Denkovych” farm in the Stryi district of the Lviv region. The study is based on optimizing the normalized energy nutrition of dairy cows with a milk yield of 6000 kg or more per lactation. The main objective of the research was to study the impact of different levels of energy nutrition of cows by lactation phase and its effect on productivity, hematological indicators, the level of individual rumen metabolites, digestibility of essential nutrients, nitrogen balance, and live weight dynamics. Three groups of eight cows each were selected for research. The rations of the experimental animals provided for the inclusion of a protein-fat concentrate in the compound feed at the rate of 5–10 % by nutrition. The main ration consisted of bulk fodder, cereal-bean hay, hay, silage, and balanced compound feed, which were fed from the feed table in the form of a mixture prepared in a feed mixer–the farm practices year-round uniform feeding of cows with a walking yard. The deficiency of mineral substances in the diet was replenished due to iodized salt, monocalcium phosphate, and polysalts of trace elements. Feeding and housing conditions for all experimental animals during the comparison period lasting 15 days were the same and differed in the reference period in terms of nutrient availability in percentages. The analysis of the obtained results showed that increasing the energy supply of cows had a positive effect on milk productivity. In the first period of lactation, the highest yield was obtained from cows of the third group, which indicates that the experimental animals are approaching the maximum possible potential productivity. This trend persists both in the second and third periods. The increased level of energy nutrition due to the use of protein-fat concentrate had a positive effect on the increase in the live weight of cows. During the analysis of the obtained indicators of the rumen content, a probable increase in the number of amylo- and cellulolytic bacteria was revealed - the quantitative advantage (second and third group) compared to the control is 1.52–2.33 and 1.67–2.54 million/ml. A similar pattern is observed in the number of proteolytic bacteria, which contributed to the increase in the enzymatic activity of the microflora. Regarding the digestibility of the primary nutrients of the feed, their growing trend was established in the second and third groups, which confirms the results of the balanced experiment. Thus, animals of the second group are characterized by the highest digestibility and assimilation of nitrogen. Its positive balance was (+7.1) compared to the third and (+3.0) to the first, in which the nitrogen balance was negative. The use of nitrogen for milk in these groups was the highest: from consumed – 31.7 % and from digested – 48.5 %. Thus, the conducted studies provide a reason to recommend that the farm use a protein-fat concentrate of 5% of the diet's total nutrition in the feeding of dairy cows. Its use will ensure an increase in the level of milk productivity and will make it possible to optimize the energy nutrition of cows during the calving period and mid-lactation.

The effect of vaccination on the live weight of chickens and the absolute weight of the spleen and gland

Choosing optimal chicken immunization programs is an urgent problem in poultry farming. Studying the morphology of the organs of the chickens' immune system allows you to objectively assess the effectiveness of prevention methods. The article provides data on the effect of multiple vaccinations on the live weight of chickens and the absolute weight of immune defense organs: the spleen and gland of chickens aged 1, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 120 days. One of the leading indicators of the growth of young birds is the dynamics of live weight under the influence of external factors. Identical technological conditions at the beginning of the experiment and the selection of livestock according to the principle of analogs in groups made it possible to assess the effect of vaccination on the chickens' bodies based on live weight indicators. According to our research results, it was established that in chickens of 100- and 120-day-old age, with multiple vaccinations, there is a probable increase in live weight indicators compared to the control group of animals. Our research showed that by 25 days in chickens (vaccinated six times), the hands of the absolute mass of the spleen practically did not change. At the same time, in 25-, 100-, and 120-day-old chickens, there is an increase in the absolute mass of the spleen and the gland at 15- and 50-day-old compared to the indicators of non-vaccinated animals. This indicates the implementation of immune reactions in the studied organs of immune protection due to increased migration of T- and B-lymphocytes to them. In addition, if age periods are compared, a decrease in the absolute mass of the Garder gland was found in 75-day-old chickens compared to 50-day-old chickens, which indicated the involutional processes of this gland. The maximum parameters of the gland's absolute mass were found at 50 days in chickens of both the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. Thus, in vaccinated chickens, this indicator of the gland was 0.095 g. Organometric changes in the spleen and gland of vaccinated chickens can be one of the criteria for diagnosing poultry immunodeficiencies.

PSVI-9 Effect of Supplementing Confined Goats with Cucumis Melo During the Peripartum Period

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of Cucumis melo supplementation on the quality and production of colostrum, milk, as well as live weight dynamics in both mothers and kids during the peripartum period. Pregnant multiparous adult goats (n=15) were divided into two experimental groups: 1) GS; n=8; supplemented with 300 g of dehydrated C. melo plus 100 g of concentrate); 2) GC; n=7; supplemented with 100 g of concentrate but without C melo). Data were analyzed by an ANOVA in a completely randomized design with the SAS statistical package (Evenston, ILL, USA, 2000) and differences were considered as significant at p≤ 0.05. Live weight did not differ between groups P=0.5, while colostrum fat content was greater in the GS compared with the GC (9.6 ± 1.1 vs 6.2 ± 0.8; P˂0.02). In milk production, no difference was observed between groups (2.2 ± 0.1 kg/day; P=0.8), however, on day 21 postpartum, an increase of 100 g/day was recorded for GS, compared with GC. Nutritional supplementation based on C. melo in goats during peripartum improves colostrum quality and increases milk production, under the conditions in which the experimental work was developed and could be adopted by goat breeders as an alternative so that their goats have a higher performance.

Use of a complex probiotic supplement in turkey feeding

Relevance. Over the past decades, we have witnessed really big changes in the global livestock and poultry industry. Poultry feeding and breeding systems have reached high peaks of development with a significant improvement in genetic capacity. Currently, ration balancing is possible with the latest systems capable of automating feed production, as well as schemes to increase the efficiency of servings. With this approach, a balance of all nutrients is achieved, which in turn leads to a reduction in production costs. The nutritional value of compound feed is increased by adding additives of various origins. In our study, the improvement of metabolic processes in the body of a bird is achieved by introducing a feed additive based on probiotics into the diet. The article presents the results of studying and comparing indicators of meat productivity of turkeys.Methods. The object of research was the turkey cross Hybrid Converter. An additive, Prolaxim-B, was introduced into the main diet. The subjects of research were the composition and nutritional value of the diet, the dynamics of live weight, the increase in live weight, the morphological composition of the carcass, the chemical composition, morphological blood parameters, and sanitary and hygienic indicators. The biochemical composition of meat samples was studied in the laboratories of the testing center “Argus” of theFBGNU KNTsZV. The mass fraction of moisture was determined by drying the sample according to the standard method. The mass fraction of protein — by the Kjeldahl photometric method, the mass fraction of fat — using the Soxhlet extraction apparatus; mass fraction of ash — by the ashing method; the energy value was found by the Alexandrov method.Results. The experiment showed that the inclusion of a preparation containing the Prolaxim-B probiotic in the diet of a turkey helps increasing the safety of the livestock, live weight, and the intensity of their growth; there is a tendency to reduce the level of conditionally pathogenic microflora and increase that ofbeneficial microflora. It was found that the weight of the edibleoffal was significantly higher in the experimental group. In general, the productivity of the turkey, the competitiveness of the finished product and the profitability of industrial enterprises are growing, thereby attracting new sources of funding to this area of agriculture.

The importance of the feeding levels and adequacy on the meat quality and productivity performance of cross-bred bulls

The study aimed to determine the effect of the level and adequacy of feeding on the dynamics of live weight and meat productivity of Simmental × Holstein bulls with a close blood relationship (87.5%) for the Holstein breed. Three groups of bulls with 87.5% Holstein heredity in the genotype were formed, out of which two groups were experimental and one group served as a control group. The bulls of the control group received a diet compiled according to detailed standards, and their analogs from the experimental groups had a diet exceeding the norm by 10 and 20% respectively. During the entire growing period, the bulls of the 1st experimental group consumed 3,564 energetic feed units and 362.5 kg of digestible protein, the 2nd consumed 3,875 and 394.3 kg, and the control group 3,245 and 329.9 kg, respectively. In terms of carcass yield, bulls of the first and second experimental groups outperformed the ones from the control group by 2.41 and 3.92%. With an increase in the level of feeding in experimental bulls, fat deposition accelerated; thus, the meat of bulls of the experimental groups contained 2.13% and 2.54% more fat than in animals of the control group. At the same time, the protein content in the meat of experimental bulls decreased by 0.15 and 0.22% in comparison with the control group. The energy value of 1 kg of meat of experimental bulls was higher by 0.77-0.90 MJ. It can be concluded that a possible increase in the meat productivity of bulls-crossbreeds of the Holstein breed with a close blood relationship and the determination of planned indicators of animal growth should be taken into account when developing breeding programs.

The effectiveness of use of natural zeolites in feeding of young pigs

In order to reduce the number of the main components of compound feed, to realize the genetic potential of the productivity of young pigs, to increase their productivity and to balance feeding diets, it is necessary to use various feed and mineral additives, including natural origin. Such additives include silicon-containing zeolite. The purpose of the research was to establish the optimal dose of silicon-containing zeolite in the recipes of compound feed for young pigs and to identify its effect on the dynamics of live weight and feed expenditures for its production. For the experiment has been carried out three recipes of compound feed with a content of 3, 4, 5 % of the silicon-containing zeolite additive from the mass of the compound feed were developed. In the experiment young pigs of the 1st control group have been received farm compound feed, without the content of silicon-containing zeolite. Animals of the 2nd experimental group have been received experimental compound feed with 3 % of silicon-containing zeolite from the mass of compound feed. Young pigs of the 3rd experimental group have been consumed compound feed with 4 % of silicon-containing zeolite from the mass of compound feed during the experiment. Animals of the 4th experimental group have also been consumed experimental compound feed with 5 % of silicon-containing zeolite from the mass of compound feed. Silicon-containing zeolite was included in the compound feed, replacing grain feed. It was found according to the results of the experiment that the best dose of inclusion of this additive was 3 % of the mass of compound feed. At the same time, it was found that the gain in live weight of pigs in the 2nd experimental group increased by 13,6 %, in the 3rd group by 7,2 %, and in the 4th experimental group decreased by 4,4 %, compared with the 1st control group. Studies have shown that the addition of silicon-containing zeolite to the compound feed fof pigs of the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups did not affect the consumption of compound feed, and in the 4th experimental group there was a decrease in the consumption of compound feed. The feed consumption for the live weight gain of pigs in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups decreased by 12,1 %, 6,7 and 0,2 % during the experiment period, compared with the 1st control group.

Selection traits of cows of different lines of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed

Linear farm animal breeding is an effective method of improving and consolidating breeds in purebred breeding, which contributes to forming an orderly genealogical structure of the breed. Further improvement and consolidation of economically valuable traits of breeds based on selection and selection are impossible without Linear breeding. Therefore, our work aimed to investigate the variability of breeding traits in cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed depending on the lineage. The research was conducted in the Vinnytsia region's State Enterprise “Alexandrovske” on firstborn and adult (III lactation) cows. Groups of animals belonging to different lines were formed to study the influence of linear affiliation on the variability of breeding traits of cows. Lines to which at least three breeding bulls belonged and with at least ten daughters were taken into account, with at least three daughters from one bull. In the control group of cows by retrospective analysis of zootechnical accounting data over the past ten years studying the dynamics of live weight during rearing at a young age (newborns, 6, 12, and 18 months), reproductive capacity (age and live weight at first calving, duration of first service period), milk productivity (yields, fat content in milk and the amount of milk fat). It was found that the economically functional traits of cows depended on their linear affiliation. The highest live weight of newborns and at the age of 18 months, the average daily gain at the age of 6–12; 12–18, and 0–18 months, the most extended service period after the first calving, and the highest milk yields and milk fat yield for the third lactation were characterized by animals of Eleveishn 1491007, live weight at six months – H. T. S. Khaneve line 1629391, at 12 months – Starbuck line 352790, average daily increments from birth to 6 months of age – line H. T. S. Khaneve 1629391. The last one was also marked by the highest live weight, the oldest age at first calving, and the shortest duration of the first service period. The lowest live weight and the youngest age at the first calving and the highest yields and milk fat yield for the first lactation were observed in the firstborn of the Chif 1427381 line. Depending on lactation, the strength of the line's influence on yields was in the range of 7.2–12.6 %, fat – in the range of 7.9–12.0 % at P < 0.01–0.001. Linear affiliation significantly (P < 0.01) affected the fat content in milk during the first lactation, and for the third lactation, the effect was incredible.

Influence of biologically active additives on dynamics of live weight and growth of muscles in poultry

There is a lack of understanding of the effects of feed additives on the organs of different body systems of productive animals. The issues of the impact of biologically active additives to feed, their compatibility, are very relevant, and with an increase in the number and range of additives, the importance and criticality of the issue of their interaction increases. Some results of determining the dynamics of the gain in the weight of individual muscles of broiler chickens and Japanese quails have been received biologically active additives such as Rovimix Hy-D (25(OH) D₃, calcidiol, the main circulating metabolite of vitamin D) and the enzyme complex “Natuzim” have been presented in the paper. Indicators of the growth rate of the live weight of the poultry and the weight of the thoracic and thigh muscles were obtained for the growing periods. In the experiment on broilers, it was revealed that the addition of calcidiol with constant administration in the first two weeks of rearing had a rather negative effect on the growth of muscle weight and live weight. At the same time, the enzyme additive contributed to the increase in indicators at the beginning of rearing. In the second half of rearing on the contrary the enzyme additive had the negative effect on growth indicators, and calcidiol, especially in combination with mineral additive noticeably stimulates the growth of muscle weight and body weight in general. Japanese quails received the additive Rovimix Hy-D in three different dosages, because to date the additive has not been tested on quails. The data obtained confirm, from the one hand, the justification of the use of the feed additive Rovimix Hy-D as the additional source of vitamin D in broiler and quail feed, as well as the absolute need to take into account t

Study of the toxic effect of trichothecene mycotoxin produced by <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> in an experiment on pigs

Aim . To assess the consequences of long‐term consumption by pigs of feed experimentally contaminated with T‐2 toxin in an amount close to the most commonly found in feed. Material and Methods . The experiments were carried out on pigs, which were fed food contaminated with T‐2 toxin in the amount of 200 mkg/kg for 45 days. During the experiment, the clinical condition of animals, feed and water consumption, the dynamics of live weight, analysis of blood parameters, the state of internal organs and tissues and statistical processing of the data obtained by conventional methods were undertaken. Results . Long‐term consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxin T‐2 by pigs did not cause a pronounced clinical picture of toxicosis. However, the treated animals had diarrhea and lag in growth and development. According to the results of the blood test, it was concluded that the toxin suppressed the hematopoiesis process, inhibited protein synthesis, reduced resistance and microphagocytic function of the body, metabolic disorders and the functioning of most organs and systems. Pathological conditions and degenerative changes of cells and tissues of internal organs were recorded and mediated by the initiation of oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and cytotoxic effect. Conclusions . The consumption of feed contaminated with T‐2 toxin in a dose of 200 mkg /kg by pigs was accompanied by disturbances of metabolic processes, functions of organs and systems, manifested by a decrease in growth intensity, changes in the blood picture, activity of enzyme systems, induction of oxidative stress, immunosuppressive and inflammatory reactions and pathomorphological disorders. Thus, the oral intake of T‐2 toxin, even in small concentrations, was found to have a complex negative effect on the body.

Efficiency of meat-fattening rabbits farmed by different keeping technologies

In Russia, different technologies are used for keeping commercial young animals in the production of rabbit meat. The main ones are in rooms with a controlled microclimate (imported young rabbits) and sheds (domestic breeds). The aim of the study was to establish the dominant factors that determine efficiency of rabbit meat production under different keeping technologies and dry feeding. Experimental studies were conducted according to classical zootechnical methods. The experiment in the room with controlled conditions was carried out on crossbred young animals - f rom Californian and New Zealand white breeds, which were imported from France in 2010; the experiment on domestic breed - Soviet chinchilla - was carried out under shed keeping technology. During the fattening period all rabbits were fed with complete granulated compound feed with an identical ratio of nutrients: 16.0 % protein and 17.5 % fiber for crossbred rabbits; 16.4 % protein and 17.9 % fiber for Soviet chinchilla rabbits. Slaughter of Soviet chinchilla rabbits and crossbred rabbits for meat was carried out at the age of 90 and 77 days, respectively. Analysis of the dynamics of live weight showed that at the age of 45 days and at the time of slaughter crossbred young rabbits exceeded Soviet chinchilla rabbits by 204.5 g and 240.0 g, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative growth of crossbred rabbits was not much higher than this indicator in Soviet chinchilla rabbits (by 3.4 and 4.1 %, respectively). The pre-slaughter weight was also significantly higher in crossbred animals, and the carcass weight was significantly higher in Soviet chinchilla rabbits. Accordingly, in the Soviet chinchilla the slaughter yield was 9.2 % higher than that of the crossbred rabbits, that is in meat production in the Soviet chinchilla more organic matter goes into products and less to waste. This testifies to the fact that by the age of 77 days the crossbred rabbits did not realize their full meat potential. Thus, considering the increased energy costs in buildings with a controlled microclimate, both technologies for keeping commercial young rabbits have the same chances in the production of rabbit meat.