Dynamics Of Infectious Process Research Articles

Integral leukocgram indices in children with coronavirus infection COVID-19

Objective. To study the changes in hematological leukocyte indices among children with coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the dynamics of infectious process.
 Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of clinical and laboratory data from 91 pediatric patients with COVID-19. On the basis of a general blood test, the following hematological leukocyte indices were determined: the entropy degree of leukogram according to A.V. Gorelov et al.; leukocyte intoxication index according to V.K. Ostrovsky; nuclear endotoxicosis degree index according to G.D. Dashtayants; Harkavi adaptation index; Krebs index; leukocyte index; neutrophils to monocytes ratio index; lymphocytes to monocytes ratio index.
 Results. The most sensitive hematological indices were the entropy degree of leukogram according to A.V. Gorelov et al., indicating a violation of the dynamic constancy of leukogram; neutrophils to monocytes ratio indices, lymphocytes to monocytes ratio indices, showing the presence of a viral infection. At the peak of the infectious process, C-reactive blood protein index significantly correlated with the endotoxicosis index according to G.D. Dashtayants (R = 0.271; p0.05), with neutrophils to monocytes ratio index (R = 0.276; p0.05); and in the period of early convalescence - with leukocyte intoxication index according to V.K. Ostrovsky (R = 0.743; p0.05), with endotoxicosis indices according to Dashtayants (R = 0.785; p0.05) and neutrophils to monocytes ratio index (R = 0.743; p0.05).
 Conclusions. The calculation of hematological leukocyte indices increases the information capability of the general blood test in children with coronavirus infection COVID-19, provides important additional information on intoxication syndrome, the state of immune response, the persistence of inflammatory process during the period of convalescence as well.

Infectious Dynamics in Urban 3D-Environment: Challenges and Possibilities

The article is a brief overview of the results of the current stage of study of the dynamics of infectious processes in the modern urban environment in Protvino (Russia) with the help of 3D-model of the town, made in the paradigm of the Digital Earth. Data for the period 2011-2016 (38791 events) were used. Spatial and temporal resolution “building-day” was achieved. It is demonstrated that infectious diseases rates even in neighboring buildings can vary significantly from one to another. The presence of buildings with both significantly higher and significantly lower rates of infectious diseases is shown. Such significant discrepancies between rates are difficult to explain by local ecological factors like air and water pollutions because of the generalized nature of their impact on such a small area. The example of the global dynamics of COVID-19 demonstrates the need to study both specific and non-specific factors for the local epidemic process. Prospectives of the future researches are discussed briefly.

Clinicopathogenetic features of cardiovascular system affection in influenza patients with hypertensive reaction revealed for the first time

Aim. To study the state of central hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism and tissue blood flow in patients with influenza who suffered from hypertensive reaction detected for the first time, in dynamics of infectious process.
 Materials and methods. At Perm Regional Clinical Infectious Hospital, 65 patients with influenza underwent a deepened study of cardiovascular system: central hemodynamics and local blood flow.
 Results. While studying the central hemodynamics, there was detected the increased general peripheric vascular resistance without normalization during the follow-up period. Investigation of gas exchange showed decrease in tissue oxygenation, vasodilatation and tissue blood flow.
 Conclusions. Among patients with influenza, the oxygen transport system functions in a tense regime. In dynamics of infectious process and after the disease, the following is observed: development of tissue hypoxia, decrease in local blood flow tempo and elevation of general peripheric vascular resistance.

The Immunological Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Characteristics of Children in Tajikistan Republic.

The epidemiological situation in Tajikistan Republic deteriorated in the 1990s, when an influx of refugees from Afghanistan resulted in mass importation of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria to Khatlon region. The National Programme of Malaria Control was successful and malaria transmission was interrupted in 2009. Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of immunological response in Tajik children with tropical Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Materials and Methods. We examined 124 patients with P. falciparum malaria at the age of 6 months up to 14 years that were hospitalized in Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in Dushanbe city and in Regional hospital of Khatlon region in the period 2000-2007. In most cases, they were school-age children (56%). The peak incidence was recorded in July-October. Verification of the diagnosis was based on clinical, epidemiological data, and the results of blood microscopy. In all patients, along with the standard, clinical, and laboratory tests, a number of indicators of the immune status were performed that include the T-immunity, the content of serum immunoglobulins of three main classes, the level of circulating immune complexes (CIC), C3 complement, and the concentration of key serum cytokines that have been studied in the dynamics of infectious process. Finding. The study of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an obvious additional criterion in assessing the severity of infection. The imbalance of cytokine profile is an important pathogenic factor in the development of severe and recurrent forms of the disease, since the formation of a defective immune response to parasitic antigens contributes to adverse outcomes. Conclusions. Plasmodium falciparum malaria was characterized by depression of cellular and humoral immunity, the degree of which depended on the severity of the pathological process.

ASSOCIATED WITH ENTEROBACTER NIMIPRESSURALIS BACTERIA IN THE PATHOLOGY OF BACTERIAL DROPSY BETULA PENDULA ROTH

Наведено експериментальні дані щодо етиології і патогенезу бактеріальної водянки берези повислої, збудником якої є фітопатогенна бактерія Enterobacter nimipressuralis, у Житомирському Поліссі України. Патогенність E.nimipressuralis доведено під час штучної інокуляції органів Betula pendula. Показано, що листки і пагони (гілки) не чутливі до збудника. Акцентовано увагу, що у патологічному процесі беруть участь асоційовані з E.nimipressuralis бактерії родів Bacillus, Xanthomonas, а також деякі мікроміцети. Ізолювання (виділення) бактерій проведено посівом на картопляний агар гомогенізованої маси дослідних зразків та методом обростання шматочків (тирси) з уражень. Не встановлено істотних відмінностей під час інокуляції берези повислої суспензією бактерій та культуральною бактеріальною масою. Виявлено різну інтенсивність патології під час штучного зараження, це може бути пов'язане з індивідуальною стійкістю, а можливо із різновидами дослідних рослин. Наведено коротку характеристику виділених ізолятів бактерій. Показано особливості збудника патогенезу бактеріальної водянки упродовж 1,5 року після інокуляції. Опосередковано вказано на великого березового рогохвоста в інокуляції берези повислої збудником бактеріальної водянки (у місцях льотних отворів комахи завжди утворюються бурі смужки більш темного забарвлення). Методом відтермінованого антагонізму в системі "бактерія – бактерія" виявлено антагоністичну активність різної інтенсивності бактерій роду Bacillus до E.nimipressuralis та зроблено висновок про перспективність її використання в обґрунтуванні біологічного захисту B.pendula від збудника бактеріальної водянки.

Роль реактивности организма и мукозального иммунитета в модулировании патогенности и вирулентности условно‑патогенной микрофлоры в динамике инфекционного процесса, а также в поддержании генофондов макро- и микрооганизмов

Роль реактивности организма и мукозального иммунитета в модулировании патогенности и вирулентности условно‑патогенной микрофлоры в динамике инфекционного процесса, а также в поддержании генофондов макро- и микрооганизмов

COMPARISON OF DIAGNOSTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF METHODS OF DETECTION OF COXIELLA BURNETII IN BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH Q FEVER BASED ON AMPLIFICATION OF 16S rRNA GENE FRAGMENTS (STANDARD PCR) AND groEL GENE (REALTIME PCR)

Comparison of diagnostic capabilities of 2 variants of PCR for detection of Coxiella burneli persistence in dynamics of infectious process in patients with Q fever. 110 samples of clinical material, obtained from patients with Q fever in an endemic region for this infection (Astrakhan region), were studied. The samples were studied in a standard PCR (marker - 16S rRNA gene fragment) and in real-time. PCR (RT-PCR) (marker - groEL gene fragment). Both markers were established to be perspective for detection of C. burnetii DNA in clinical material, and RT-PCR detects positive result including late stages of the disease (illness day 21 - 31). This study is the first Russian publication on comparison on different PCR variants for detection of C. burnetii in blood of Q fever patients in dynamics of the infectious process.

Biochemical Changes in Orange Fruit Due to Plant – <i>Penicillium italicum</i> – Antagonism Interactions

One of the most important orange fruit diseases is blue mold which cause by Penicillium italicum that is responsible for important economic losses. This study investigated biochemical changes in exo-mesocarp layers of orange fruits related to host- pathogen- yeast interactions. Initial result showed that among eight strains isolated, the most effective antagonist were belonged to two species of Pichia kluyveri (M45) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (M61). These isolates were selected for biochemical evaluation. In order to assessment of biochemical changes, the orange fruits were inoculated with 40 µl of yeast cell suspension and after 24 h, the wounds were inoculated with 20 µl of conidial suspension of P. italicum. The analysis of variance showed that all of the measured biochemical characterises were significant in both layers by treatments (yeast isolates; pathogen; yeast isolates + pathogen and control) (P ≤ 0.01), including POD, CAT and β-1, 3-glucanase activities and total phenolic compounds. Also result showed that when the yeast isolates (M45 or M54) were inoculated into wounds with the pathogen, it stimulated the orange to increase produce of total phenol and enzymes activity (POD, CAT and β-1, 3-glucanase) and these changes were related to incubation time. The result showed that understanding biochemical mechanism derived from plant-pathogen-antagonist interactions is essential for investigating the dynamics of infectious processes.

Application of exifine in etiotropic treatment of zooanthroponotic trichophytia

We have studied effect of Exifine on the dynamics of infectious process and some parts of the immune response at different stages of zooanthroponotic trichophytosis development. Functional activity of neutrophils, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD72, HLA-DR lymphocyte markers, TNFa, IL-1 β, IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines were determined using immunological studies. Histomorphological changes of affected hair were studied during treatment. Effectiveness of Exifine at zooanthroponotic trichophytosis of scalp and smooth skin in children has been proven: mycological cure and persistent therapeutic effect. Exifine has no immunosuppressive activity as observed in Griseofulvin treatment.

Modeling of Chronic Herpesvirus Infection. Experimental Studies of Infectious Process in Mice

The dynamics of infectious process was studied by modeling chronic herpesvirus infection in mice. The infectious process ran a wave-like course with periods of relapses and remissions. Clinical manifestations and severity and duration of relapses largely depended on the disease duration. Reactivation of herpesvirus led to systemic involvement, this indicating the dissemination of infection in animals and chronic transformation of the disease.