Dynamics Of Electricity Consumption Research Articles

The Dynamics of Electricity Consumption in the Economic Prosperity of Nepal

The paper examines the relationship between the dynamics of electricity consumption and Nepal's economic prosperity. Descriptive methodologies and statistical tools are used in this quantitative study that gathers data from secondary sources. The patterns of power consumption are influenced by population increase, urbanization, government regulations, and technical developments, all of which affect Nepal's economic development and social well-being. This paper uses an interdisciplinary approach to show how crucial it is to address energy-related issues to realize socioeconomic potential. Economic growth is the main factor driving the dynamic of power consumption. The finding reveals that the autonomous electricity consumption is 4.13 kilowatt hours shows if income increases by USD 100, the estimated increase in average electricity consumption is 54 kWh. Indicates that increase in per capita income, increases the consumption of electricity, and economic growth are strongly correlated. The result from the forecast analysis shows that the unrestrained demand for electricity is projected to increase from an estimated 7,888 million kilowatt-hours (million kWh) in 2019–2020 to 13,831 million kilowatt-hours in 2029–2030 which seems closer and validates the Electricity Demand Forecast for 2014 to 2040 by Government of Nepal. The result shows that the dynamics of electricity consumption and economic prosperity are strongly correlated. Policymakers, energy planners, investors, and other stakeholders must acknowledge the issue and make a call to action to support initiatives that enhance economic growth, access to energy, and sustainable energy use.

A Comparative Analysis of the Electricity Load Profiles of Some European and Asian Countries. Part 1. Annual Profiles

Nowadays, new technologies are intensely introduced in the electric power industry. Thus, at the level of electrical distribution networks, these are distributed generation based on renewable energy sources, electricity storage devices, electric vehicles, etc. Developed countries have adopted a policy toward reducing the mankind’s carbon footprint, also by optimizing the power consumption. In developing countries, a significant growth of electricity consumption and electrification of the population is seen. To select adequate solutions, it is necessary to know the description of power consumption processes in the form of electricity load profiles. The article presents an overview of statistical data on the dynamics of annual electricity consumption in the power systems of various countries, the results of monitoring the annual electricity consumption by individual households in Western Europe and articles in periodicals. The annual electricity load profiles in Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Saudi Arabia, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany, and Portugal are given. For each of the electricity load profiles, the primary source of information is specified. In the second part of the article, daily electricity load profiles will be addressed. In the annual context, the electricity consumption dynamics is primarily governed by the climatic zone, the changes of seasons, and by the extent to which the households and office buildings locating in the tropical and subtropical climate are provided with air conditioners. In Southeast Asia countries, the annual maximum of electricity load is observed in May. In Central Asia countries and in the most of European countries, the annual maximum electricity load falls on December - January, and the minimum - on the summer months. In the Middle East countries located in the tropical zone, the annual maximum electricity load falls on the summer period; in Southern Europe and Middle East countries belonging to the subtropical zone, the annual maximum load falls on December-January, but in the summer period, a growth of electricity consumption compared with the autumn-spring period is observed. The results of the review and the selected primary sources can be useful as source information on the electricity consumption processes for various studies in the electric power industry field.

Analysis of the structure of generating capacity and dynamics of electricity consumption in Sredne-Kamchatsky isolated power hub

THE PURPOSE. To examine the features of the location and the overall structure of theSredne-Kamchatskyisolated power hub. To considerthe structure of installed electric capacity and the composition of generating equipment of power plants in the mentioned power hub. To determine the composition and characteristics of the electric grid economy. To analyze and determine the main indicators of electricity consumption and capacity dynamics of the hub. To perform an analysis of the existing balance of power and electric energy, to determine the main technical and economic parameters of the power supply. To consider options for the power supply system development including on the basis of renewable energy sources. METHODS. When solving this problem, we usedmethods of mathematical processing of statistical data and methods of normative forecasting. RESULTS. We considered the special featuresof generating capacities and network infrastructure development,the issues ensuring the long-term and medium-term demand for electric energy and capacity, the formation of stable and favorable conditions for attracting investment in the construction of electric power facilities.The study calculated the current and prospective balances of electricity and capacity in the discussed power hubbased on the analysis of the energy structure of an isolated power unit and the dynamics of electricity consumption. CONCLUSION. Any failure in an isolated system leads to dangerous crisis phenomena and significant economic losses. Thus it is important to provide reliable and efficient power supply to energy isolated territories. The presented comprehensive assessment of the state of the electric power industry in the isolated Sredne-Kamchatsky power plant allows us to predict the prospects for its development within the framework of the overall development of the electric power complex of the Kamchatka Territory.

Economic requirements and justifications for ensuring energy security of the population in Ukraine

The article considers the problem of identifying barriers and justifying the application of possible organizational and economic measures to ensure the energy security of the population of Ukraine in the short and long term based on the state policy. The article examines the economic prerequisites of small generation based on a comparison of the benefits and costs of the population. It has been found that the higher the financial support of microgeneration due to appropriate material incentives, the higher the attractiveness for investment by households. The positive impact of financial incentives depends on the level of household income, the volume of electricity consumption and the level and dynamics of electricity prices. It has been proven that technical components have a significant impact on the use of renewable energy sources in households, especially when building housing using integrated systems based on intelligent digital technologies and shaping the demand for renewable energy source systems. The paper substantiates the main directions of the state policy of promoting renewable energy sources and investigates the measures of the energy security policy. It has been outlined that the main motives for the use of renewable energy sources by Ukrainian households are: ensuring their own electricity needs, autonomy of energy supply and the possibility of receiving passive income. The dynamics of electricity consumption by consumer groups has been analyzed. The increase in the total volume of electricity supply by all sources of energy supply and a reduction in the volume of import and export of electricity have been noted. The structure analysis of electricity consumption by households due to their purposes has been carried out. It has been mentioned that the largest consumption of electricity occurs for the purpose of lighting premises and powering household appliances. The state of coverage of households with their own sources of electricity from SPPs has been studied. The significant increase in the number of households that installed SPPs and the amount of electricity generation has been noted. However, despite the positive developments, the share of households supplied with SPP energy will remain at a rather low level. Measures to ensure the energy security of the population by the state in the organizational plan have been substantiated. Keywords: energy security, electricity, level of energy consumption, renewable energy sources, household, electricity consumption, tariff, energy saving, energy market, small generation, solar power plant.

RESOURCE-SAVING ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL LIGHTING SOLUTIONS FOR HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES

At the turn of the two millennium, the fundamental difference in assessing the goals and means of scientific and technological progress is the consideration of architectural and planning decisions, technical and economic parameters and environmental consequences. The global nature of human impact on the habitat determines the strict requirements for choosing the parameters for the implementation of technological solutions, in particular light solutions for housing and communal services. The dynamics of electricity consumption and heat resources in Russia as a whole, including the population, was considered. The reasons for the loss of energy resources from the positions of various authors, including theft, illegal tie-ins, damage in distribution networks, insufficient level of advertising of technical and organizational and managerial innovations, are summarized. Systematized lighting solutions patented over the past 5 years in Russia, including building blocks with suspensions, hybrid lamps, heat flux sensors, luminous building parts. It was revealed that many innovative developments are based on LED solutions. The level of normative natural and cost expenditures of resources for collections of state elementary norms and federal unit rates for the construction of walls and partitions made of glass blocks was analyzed. The use of LED lighting for housing and communal services is justified. It was concluded that the power consumption when using LED lamps is several times lower than incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps.

Интеллектуальное управление энергопотреблением на водопроводных станциях на примере Филиала «Водоснабжение» ГУП «Водоканал Санкт-Петербурга»

The article gives the analysis of resource saving and energy efficiency of the enterprises of water supply and waste water services of the State Unitary Enterprise “St. Petersburg Vodokanal”. There has been evaluated the consumption of electrical energy by the enterprise. The main methods of energy resources management (creating a system of rational consumption and saving of energy resources, using energy-efficient materials, equipment and technologies, identifying the potential of energy-saving measures at operating facilities) have been determined. The priority directions for reducing the production energy intensity in the water supply processes have been defined. An algorithm is proposed that includes the processes of collecting, modeling, structuring information, as well as developing an optimal solution for an enterprise. A model for optimizing work in water supply processes is presented, software products are considered that allow to control the processes of energy saving and energy efficiency. The most promising software products for their introducing them into practice of the enterprise have been identified, including General Electric Intelligent Platforms CSense. A plan for the sequential implementation of the software product into operation at the enterprise is presented. The dynamics of electricity consumption at the enterprise, the structure of energy consumption are illustrated. It is noted that the most significant contribution to the amount of energy consumption is made by the technological processes of water intake and supply. It has been substantiated that the most energy-consuming process for the enterprise (Water Supply Branch of the State Unitary Enterprise St. Petersburg Vodokanal) is replacement or maintenance of pumping equipment. The components of energy conservation of the enterprise under study are the partial regulation and automation of processes.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ РОБОТИ ШТУЧНОЇ НЕЙРОННОЇ МЕРЕЖІ, ЯКА ПРАЦЮЄ В ЕНЕРГОСИСТЕМІ З МЕТОЮ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ АВАРІЙНИХ РЕЖИМІВ

Emergency modes in electrical networks, arising for various reasons, lead to a break in the transmission of electrical energy on the way from the generating facility to the consumer. In most cases, such time breaks are unacceptable (the degree depends on the class of the consumer). Therefore, an effective solution is to both deal with the consequences, use emergency input of the reserve, and prevent these emergency situations by predicting events in the electric network. After analyzing the source [1], it was concluded that there are several methods for performing the forecast of emergency situations in electric networks. It can be: technical analysis, operational data processing (or online analytical processing), nonlinear regression methods. However, it is neural networks that have received the greatest application for solving these tasks. In this paper, we analyze existing neural networks used to predict processes in electrical systems, analyze the learning algorithm, and propose a new method for using neural networks to predict in electrical networks. Prognostication in electrical engineering plays a key role in shaping the balance of electricity in the grid, influencing the choice of mode parameters and estimated electrical loads. The balance of generation of electricity is the basis of technological stability of the energy system, its violation affects the quality of electricity (there are frequency and voltage jumps in the network), which reduces the efficiency of the equipment. Also, the correct forecast allows to ensure the optimal load distribution between the objects of the grid. According to the experience of [2], different methods are usually used for forecasting electricity consumption and building customer profiles, usually based on the analysis of the time dynamics of electricity consumption and its factors, the identification of statistical relationships between features and the construction of models

THE RELEVANT TEMPORAL MARKET DEFINITION IN ANTITRUST ANALYSIS

The purpose of the paper is to compare various theoretical approaches to the relevant temporal market definition, collecting the arguments for their implementation under the different kinds of antitrust cases. It is vital for the markets with peak demand (transport, electricity, markets of intergenerational products) or discreet supply (agriculture). Methodology. The survey is based on the theoretical and graphical modelling of product space perception by consumers. It investigates changes of the latter under different marketing strategies of a seller. Statistical methods are used to analyse trends of demand and prices for iPhones’ changes, as well as dynamics of electricity consumption. Results. The paper reveals two facing approaches to the definition of relevant temporal market: 1) the discrete one that provides a short-run analysis of products’ substitutability and combines only those time periods that are characterized by a stable balance of demand and supply, as well as stable market equilibrium; 2) the coherent one that provides a long-run analysis of cyclical variation of the market. This cycling is based on the awareness of consumers and producers of intertemporal substitutability of products. The authors use the model of intertemporal competition to explain principles of these approaches and apply it to the iPhone market analysis. They conclude that the coherent approach must be applied to the temporal market definition for the products with elastic demand. Inelastic demand brings the necessity to apply the discrete approach to the temporal market definition. These conclusions cannot be applied to regulated markets. The system of government regulation is the main determinant of the temporal boundaries of such markets. Practical implications. The results of this research can be used by competition agencies in antitrust cases to define the relevant temporal market, where the violations of antitrust legislation can occur. The correct definition of the market is the first step of structural analysis under antitrust cases that determinates the correctness of its next steps and finally – accurate labelling of an antitrust violation. Value/originality. The paper grounds capability of both (discrete and coherent) approaches to the relevant temporal market definition, determines the factors that define what the approach must be chosen, as well as the exceptions from the rule.

Dynamics of electricity consumption, oil price and economic growth: Global perspective

This study uses the data from 157 countries from 1960 to 2014 to analyze the relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, oil prices, capital, and labor. The economic growth of developing countries with industrial infrastructure has a more significant association with electricity consumption than oil prices. We use oil prices and electricity consumption jointly to study highly predictive observations for economic growth. The data are categorized by income, OECD and regional levels. The panel cointegration, long-run parameter estimation, and Pool Mean Group tests are used to analyze the cointegration and short-run and long-run relationships between the variables. The empirical results indicate the presence of cointegration between the variables. The presence of feedback effects between electricity consumption and economic growth, oil prices and economic growth is valid. These findings confirm that in spite of the oil prices, developing countries rely heavily on electricity consumption for economic growth. In the short run, growth and feedback effects suggest that more vigorous electricity policies should be implemented to attain sustainable economic growth for the long-term.

The Dynamics of Electricity Consumption and Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from Three Developing Regions

In this article, a panel of 45 developing countries for the 1971–2009 period is used to investigate the dynamic relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. We employ the system generalised method of moments (system GMMs) approach proposed by Blundell and Bond (1998), which is an information-efficient means of obtaining consistent coefficient estimates. Our result suggests a positive relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth when the full panel is estimated. Regional analysis suggests a positive growth–electricity nexus for Asia and the Pacific and the sub-Saharan African region, although the size and significance levels are different. We do not find any statistically significant relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Latin America and the Caribbean. JEL Classification: Q43, O13, O44, C23

The dynamics of electricity consumption and economic growth: A revisit study of their causality in Pakistan

This study revisits the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Pakistan by controlling and investigating the effects of two major production factors – capital and labor. The empirical evidence confirms the cointegration among the variables and indicates that electricity consumption has a positive effect on economic growth. Moreover, bi-directional Granger causality between electricity consumption and economic growth has been found. The finding suggests that adoption of electricity conservation policies to conserve energy resources may unwittingly decline economic growth and the lower growth rate will in turn further decrease the demand for electricity. Therefore, government contemplating such conservationist policies should instead explore and develop alternate sources of energy as a strategy rather than just increasing electricity production per se in order to meet the rising demand for electricity in their quest towards sustaining development in the country.

Dollarisation and the Underground Economy: Accidental Partners?

Monetary methods of measuring the underground economy (UE) in all their variations are traditionally based upon domestic monetary aggregates. In recent times, however, there has been an increasing amount of evidence supporting the thesis that it is actually foreign currency that is very often linked with the UE in countries in which the phenomenon of dollarisation is widespread. New understanding of the extent and dynamics of dollarisation can, then, provide important information about the dynamics of the UE in these countries. Results derived from estimates of the amount of foreign cash in circulation in Croatia, in our estimation, show a rising tendency in the UE, like traditional monetary methods, which in principle does not have to be the case. Similar tendencies in the UE are indicated by the dynamics of electricity consumption.