Economic requirements and justifications for ensuring energy security of the population in Ukraine

Abstract

The article considers the problem of identifying barriers and justifying the application of possible organizational and economic measures to ensure the energy security of the population of Ukraine in the short and long term based on the state policy. The article examines the economic prerequisites of small generation based on a comparison of the benefits and costs of the population. It has been found that the higher the financial support of microgeneration due to appropriate material incentives, the higher the attractiveness for investment by households. The positive impact of financial incentives depends on the level of household income, the volume of electricity consumption and the level and dynamics of electricity prices. It has been proven that technical components have a significant impact on the use of renewable energy sources in households, especially when building housing using integrated systems based on intelligent digital technologies and shaping the demand for renewable energy source systems. The paper substantiates the main directions of the state policy of promoting renewable energy sources and investigates the measures of the energy security policy. It has been outlined that the main motives for the use of renewable energy sources by Ukrainian households are: ensuring their own electricity needs, autonomy of energy supply and the possibility of receiving passive income. The dynamics of electricity consumption by consumer groups has been analyzed. The increase in the total volume of electricity supply by all sources of energy supply and a reduction in the volume of import and export of electricity have been noted. The structure analysis of electricity consumption by households due to their purposes has been carried out. It has been mentioned that the largest consumption of electricity occurs for the purpose of lighting premises and powering household appliances. The state of coverage of households with their own sources of electricity from SPPs has been studied. The significant increase in the number of households that installed SPPs and the amount of electricity generation has been noted. However, despite the positive developments, the share of households supplied with SPP energy will remain at a rather low level. Measures to ensure the energy security of the population by the state in the organizational plan have been substantiated. Keywords: energy security, electricity, level of energy consumption, renewable energy sources, household, electricity consumption, tariff, energy saving, energy market, small generation, solar power plant.