Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Research Articles

Dynamical chiral symmetry and symmetry-class conversion in Floquet topological insulators

Dynamical chiral symmetry and symmetry-class conversion in Floquet topological insulators

Color-flavor dependence of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model and QCD phase diagram

We study the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking/restoration for various numbers of light quarks flavors and colors using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of quarks in the Schwinger-Dyson equation framework, dressed with a color-flavor dependence of effective coupling. For fixed and varying , we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is broken when exceeds its critical value . For a fixed and varying , we observe that the dynamical chiral symmetry is restored when reaches its critical value . Strong interplay is observed between and , i.e., larger values of tend to strengthen the dynamical generated quark mass and quark-antiquark condensate, while higher values of suppress both parameters. We further sketch the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram at a finite temperature T and quark chemical potential μ for various and . At finite T and μ, we observe that the critical number of colors is enhanced, whereas the critical number of flavors is suppressed as T and μ increase. Consequently, the critical temperature , , and co-ordinates of the critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram are enhanced as increases and suppressed when increases. Our findings agree with the lattice QCD and Schwinger-Dyson equations predictions.

Dynamical chiral symmetry with an infrared finite gluon propagator

In this work we study dynamical quark mass generation using an infrared finite gluon propagator obtained from quenched lattice simulations. The quark gap equation is solved using a purely non-Abelian Ansatz for the quark-gluon vertex, which displays a dependence on the ghost dressing function and the scalar component of quark-ghost scattering kernel. For the former quantity we use quenched lattice results, while for the latter we derive its own integral equation at the one-loop-dressed approximation. This latter quantity is then coupled to the system of equations governing the two Dirac structures of the quark propagator. It turns out that when a current quark mass of 5 MeV is introduced, the constituent quark mass generated from the gap equation is of the order of 310 MeV. In addition, the pion decay constant computed from the resulting quark propagator is in good agreement with the physical value.

Chiral symmetry in rotating systems

The triaxial rotating system at critical angular momentum I≥Iband exhibits two enatiomeric (the left- and right-handed) forms. These enatiomers are related to each other through dynamical chiral symmetry. The chiral symmetry in rotating system is defined by an operator χˆ=Rˆy(π)Tˆ, which involves the product of two distinct symmetries, namely, continuous and discrete. Therefore, new guidelines are required for testing its commutation with the system Hamiltonian. One of the primary objectives of this study is to lay down these guidelines. Further, the possible impact of chiral symmetry on the geometrical arrangement of angular momentum vectors and investigation of observables unique to nuclear chiral-twins is carried out. In our model, the angular momentum components (J1, J2, J3) occupy three mutually perpendicular axes of triaxial shape and represent a non-planar configuration. At certain threshold energy, the equation of motion in angular momentum develops a second order phase transition and as a result two distinct frames (i.e., the left- and right-handed) are formed. These left- and right-handed states correspond to a double well system and are related to each other through chiral operator. At this critical angular momentum, the centrifugal and Coriolis interactions lower the barrier in the double well system. The tunneling through the double well starts, which subsequently lifts the degeneracy among the rotational states. A detailed analysis of the behavior of rotational energies, spin-staggering, and the electromagnetic transition probabilities of the resulting twin-rotational bands is presented. The ensuing model results exhibit similarities with many observed features of the chiral-twins. An advantage of our formalism is that it is quite simple and it allows us to pinpoint the understanding of physical phenomenon which lead to chiral-twins in rotating systems.

Interface tension and interface entropy in the2+1flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model

We study the QCD phases and their transitions in the $2+1$ flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, with a focus on the interface effects such as the interface tension, the interface entropy, and the critical bubble size in the coexistence region of the first-order phase transitions. Our results show that under the thin-wall approximation, the interface contribution to the total entropy density changes its discontinuity scale in the first-order phase transition. However, the entropy density of the dynamical chiral symmetry (DCS) phase is always greater than that of the dynamical chiral symmetry broken (DCSB) phase in both the heating and hadronization processes. To address this entropy puzzle, the thin-wall approximation is evaluated in the present work. We find that the puzzle can be attributed to an overestimate of the critical bubble size at low temperature in the hadronization process. With an improvement on the thin-wall approximation, the entropy puzzle is well solved with the total entropy density of the hadron-DCSB phase exceeding apparently that of the DCS-quark phase at low temperature.

Toward convergence of the variational mass expansion and chiral symmetry breaking parameters

We re-examine a modification of perturbative expansions, valid for asymptotically free theories, producing “variationally improved” expansions of physical quantities relevant to dynamical (chiral) symmetry breaking. The large order behaviour of this expansion is drastically improved, with respect to the original perturbative expansion (making the series at least Borel summable, in a certain range of renormalization scheme parameters). We argue that non-perturbative estimates of the order parameters of QCD chiral symmetry breaking are therefore possible in this framework.