Dynamic Analysis Research Articles

Dynamic immune status analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection sepsis using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common Gram-negative bacterium. Blood infection caused by K. pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of human sepsis, which seriously threatens the life of patients. The immune status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in acute stage and recovery stage of sepsis caused by K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection has not been studied. A total of 13 subjects were included in this study, 3 healthy controls, 7 patients with K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection in the acute stage (4 patients died), and 3 patients in the recovery stage. Peripheral blood of all patients was collected and PBMCs were isolated for scRNA-seq analysis. We studied the changes of PBMCs components, signaling pathways, differential genes, and cytokines in acute and recovery stages. During K. pneumoniae acute infection we observed a decrease in the proportion of T cells, most probably due to apoptosis and the function of T cell subtypes was disorder. The proportion of monocytes increased in acute stage. Although genes related to their phagocytosis function were upregulated, their antigen presentation capacity-associated genes were downregulated. The expression of IL-1β, IL-18, IFNGR1 and IFNGR2 genes was also increased in monocytes. The proportion of DCs was depleted during the acute stage and did not recover during sepsis recovery. DCs antigen presentation was weakened during the acute stage but recovered fast during the recovery stage. pDCs response to MCP-1 chemokine was weakened, they recovered it quickly during the recovery stage. B cells showed apoptosis both in the acute stage and recovery stage. Their response to complement was weakened, but their antigen presentation function was enhanced. The proportion of NK cells stable during all disease's stages, and the expression of IFN-γ gene was upregulated. The proportion of PBMCs and their immune functions undergo variations throughout the course of the disease, spanning from the acute stage to recovery. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of PBMCs immune function during K. pneumoniae bloodstream infection sepsis and recovery and sets the basis for further understanding and treatment.

Discovery and characterization of panaxatriol as a novel thrombin inhibitor from Panax notoginseng using combination of computational and experimental approach.

Thrombin is a crucial enzyme in the coagulation cascade, and inhibitors of thrombin have been extensively studied as potential antithrombotic agents. The objective of this study was to identify natural inhibitors of thrombin from Panax notoginseng and evaluate their biological activity in vitro and binding characteristics. A combined approach involving molecular docking, thrombin inhibition assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular dynamics simulation was utilized to identify natural thrombin inhibitors. The results demonstrated that that panaxatriol directly inhibits thrombin with an IC50 of 10.3 μM. Binding studies using SPR revealed that panaxatriol interacts with thrombin with a KD value of 7.8 μM. Molecular dynamics analysis indicated that the thrombin-panaxatriol system reached equilibrium rapidly with minimal fluctuations, and the calculated binding free energy was -23.8 kcal/mol. The interaction between panaxatriol and thrombin involves the amino acid residues Glu146, Glu192, Gly216, Gly219, Tyr60A, and Trp60D. This interaction provides a mechanistic basis for further optimizing panaxatriol as a thrombin inhibitor. Our study has shown that panaxatriol serves as a direct thrombin inhibitor, laying the groundwork for further research and development of novel thrombin inhibitor.

Nonlinear Electron Trapping Through Cyclotron Resonance in the Formation of Chorus Subpackets

AbstractChorus subpackets are the wave packets with modulated amplitudes in chorus waves, commonly observed in the magnetospheres of Earth and other planets. Nonlinear wave‐particle interactions have been suggested to play an important role in subpacket formation, yet the corresponding electron dynamics remain not fully understood. In this study, we have investigated the electron trapping through cyclotron resonance with subpackets, using a self‐consistent general curvilinear plasma simulation code simulation model in dipole fields. The electron trapping period has been quantified separately through electron dynamic analysis and theoretical derivation. Both methods indicate that the electron trapping period is shorter than the subpacket period/duration. We have further established the relation between electron trapping period and subpacket period through statistical analysis using simulation and observational data. Our study demonstrates that the nonlinear electron trapping through cyclotron resonance is the dominant mechanism responsible for subpacket formation.

Extending the concepts of response spectrum analysis to nonlinear static analysis: Does it make sense?

The study presented in this paper aims to assess the recent novelties proposed by new generation building codes about the extension of some concepts at the base of linear analyses to the procedures of nonlinear static analysis. The nonlinear static analysis (pushover) is an extensively adopted approach by engineers and practitioners for purpose of assessing the seismic performance of new and existing buildings, although several drawbacks characterize this methodology, as evidenced by the existing scientific literature. In order to overcome the well-known limitations characterizing nonlinear static analysis, and to offer an alternative to nonlinear dynamic analysis, the recent upgrades of some building codes, such as the Italian one, provide different rules to employ in nonlinear static procedures. Among these new provisions, one regards the possibility to use a horizontal load profile proportional to the storey forces derived from a response spectrum analysis in all cases (i.e., also for irregular buildings). The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the reliability of this new load profile when strong irregularities arise. To this scope, the seismic behaviour of a sample of archetype buildings characterized by increasing in-height irregularity was investigated. The sample of buildings was subdivided in two subsets characterized by different design levels, one conceived by considering the prescriptions of the new Italian building code and one designed according to the oldest Italian building code (i.e., without considering anti-seismic details). The sample of buildings, simulating new and existing cases, was firstly modelled and after investigated through nonlinear static analyses by employing both traditional (i.e., inverse triangular- and uniform-like) and new (i.e., derived from response spectrum analysis) load profiles. After, nonlinear dynamic analyses were run, in order to assess the capacity of both traditional and new load profiles to capture the dynamic behaviour of the investigated archetype buildings. The performed analysis campaign demonstrated the efficiency of the new load profile proposed by the code, and the output of the work provided an answer to the main question posed by the authors: does it make sense to extend the concepts of response spectrum analysis to nonlinear static analysis?

A static and dynamic analysis of nonionic-based binary surfactant systems for adsorption mitigation in a carbonate reservoir with high salinity

Surfactants are crucial in chemical enhanced oil recovery, but high adsorption onto rocks reduces their efficiency and economic viability. Sacrificial agents, such as alkalis, nanoparticles, and polymers have been investigated to mitigate this issue but they in turn present drawbacks such as poor oil interaction, compatibility issues, pore plugging, and increased costs. Binary surfactant systems, due to their favorable potential synergistic interactions, are proposed as solutions for reducing surfactant adsorption. Static adsorption experiments were conducted to assess the effect of the binary surfactants on adsorption efficiency, and the impact of salinity on the adsorption process equilibrium was also studied. Five core flooding experiments under reservoir temperature (41∘C), reservoir pressure (21 MPa), and high salinity (23.4 wt.%) were conducted to evaluate dynamic adsorption. The surfactant concentrations in supernatant and effluent, after the adsorption process were determined via interfacial tension tests using a spinning drop method. The results showed a significant reduction in surfactant adsorption on carbonate rocks, from 9.99 mg/g-rock to 0.68 mg/g-rock for anionic surfactants and from 5.38 mg/g-rock to 0.19 mg/g-rock for zwitterionic surfactants, with corresponding dynamic reductions of 61% and 89%. Our results were further evidenced by the little to no changes in the differential pH curves in the adsorption process of the binary surfactant systems. This study presents a cost-effective approach for significantly reducing surfactant adsorption on carbonate rocks and aids in designing surfactant formulations for adsorption reduction in high-temperature, high-salinity carbonate reservoirs.

Modified holographic Ricci interacting dark energy models: dynamical system analysis and Bayesian comparison

We perform a dynamical system analysis and a Bayesian model selection for a new set of interacting scenarios in the framework of modified holographic Ricci dark energy (MHR-IDE) models. The dynamical analysis shows a modified radiation epoch and a late-time attractor corresponding to an accelerated phase of holographic dark energy. In the Bayesian comparison, we use a combination of background data including type Ia supernovae, cosmic chronometers, the local value of the Hubble constant, baryon acoustic oscillations, and cosmic microwave background data. We find evidence against all the MHR-IDE scenarios studied in comparison with the Λ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\varLambda $$\\end{document}CDM when the full joint analysis is considered.

A novel memristor-coupled hyperchaotic map: dynamical analysis, linear transform control and encryption application

A novel memristor-coupled hyperchaotic map: dynamical analysis, linear transform control and encryption application

Dynamic analysis and stability of variable length vertical pipe containing fluid using Timoshenko’s beam theory

In this article, the dynamics of pipes containing fluid is investigated according to Timoshenko’s beam theory. The problem’s equations were extracted with the help of Hamilton’s principle, and then their responses were obtained using Galerkin’s numerical approach. The modeling of the vertical pipe containing fluid was done using Timoshenko’s beam theory. It is prominent to mention that the considered vertical pipe containing fluid has variable length. The results of this analysis will be compared with previous researches, which were according to Euler–Bernoulli theory. Also, the gravity effect on the pipe stability will be analyzed. Finally, by examining the impact of rotational inertia and shear deformation separately, it was determined that the effect of shear deformation on the pipes’ dynamic behavior containing fluid will be more than the effect of rotational inertia.

Bifurcation, Traveling Wave Solutions and Dynamical Analysis in the (2+1)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$(2+1)$$\\end{document}-Dimensional Extended Vakhnenko–Parkes Equation

This paper is concerned with the bifurcation of the traveling wave solutions, as well as the dynamical behaviors and physical property of the soliton solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional extended Vakhnenko–Parkes (eVP) equation. Firstly, based on the traveling wave transformation, the planar dynamical system corresponding to the (2+1)-dimensional eVP equation is derived, and then the singularity type and trajectory map of this system are obtained and analyzed. Based on the bifurcation of this system, the analytical expression for the periodic wave solution is given and shown graphically. Secondly, the N-soliton solutions are obtained via the bilinear method, and some important physical quantities and asymptotic analysis of one-soliton and two-soliton solutions are discussed. The results obtained in this paper might be useful for understanding the propagation of high-frequency waves.

Dynamic analysis and energy harvesting of a portal frame that contains smart materials and nonlinear electromagnetic energy sink

Dynamic analysis and energy harvesting of a portal frame that contains smart materials and nonlinear electromagnetic energy sink

Epoxy-ended hyperbranched polymer-grafted graphene oxide for cold-mixed epoxy asphalt modification

ABSTRACT To improve the compatibility of asphalt-epoxy and mechanical properties of cold-mixed epoxy asphalt (CEA), epoxy-ended hyperbranched polymer (EHBP) was grafted on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) nanoplates to synthesize GOEHBP as a compatilizer. The chemical structures and micromorphology of GOEHBP were analysed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The CEA modified by EHBP and GOEHBP was investigated by tensile test, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, viscosity test, fluorescence microscope experiment, FTIR analysis and XPS analysis. The results showed that the EHBP was successfully grafted onto the surface of GO via chemical reaction, and the GO was partially reduced. The mechanical properties of CEA modified by EHBP are obviously improved, and the elongation at break was increased by 74.5%. The glass transition temperature of CEA modified by GOEHBP was increased to 62.58°C. At high temperature (≥40°C), the E′ of CEA modified by GOEHBP was larger than that of the CEA, indicating that GOEHBP can improve the high-temperature deformation resistance of CEA. The addition of GOEHBP can improve the compatibility of asphalt-epoxy, thus improving the toughness of CEA.

Diverse Applications of Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS).

This second of the two-part series of a comprehensive survey review provides the diverse applications of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) covering different probes, perturbations, and systems in the last two years. Infrared spectroscopy has maintained its top popularity in 2D-COS over the past two years. Fluorescence spectroscopy is the second most frequently used analytical method, which has been heavily applied to the analysis of heavy metal binding, environmental, and solution systems. Various other analytical methods including laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, capillary electrophoresis, seismologic, and so on, have also been reported. In the last two years, concentration, composition, and pH are the main effects of perturbation used in the 2D-COS fields, as well as temperature. Environmental science is especially heavily studied using 2D-COS. This comprehensive survey review shows that 2D-COS undergoes continuous evolution and growth, marked by novel developments and successful applications across diverse scientific fields.

Effects of particle size and particle concentration of poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) on properties of epoxy resin

AbstractSelf‐healing polymers have been developed to improve durability and reduce costs associated with maintenance during service. The addition of thermoplastics to thermosets to produce mendable polymers appears as a promising self‐healing technique. In this study, poly (ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA) was added to epoxy resin and the effects of EMAA addition on epoxy properties were evaluated. Specimens with two different contents of thermoplastic and particles sizes were manufactured. A two‐level full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of particle size and particle content on properties of epoxy modified with addition of EMAA. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used and the evaluated responses were tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and glass transition temperature (Tg). X‐ray computed tomography (XCT) was used to investigate particle size and concentration after manufacturing. It was found that the particle concentration has greater effects on stress–strain behavior of epoxy while Tg was not significantly affected by neither of the analyzed entrance variables.

Functionalised Fibres as a Coupling Reinforcement Agent in Recycled Polymer Composites.

This study addresses the structure-property relationship within the green concept of wood fibres with cellulose nanofibre functionalised composites (nW-PPr) containing recycled plastic polyolefins, in particular, polypropylene (PP-r). It focuses especially on the challenges posed by nanoscience in relation to wood fibres (WF) and explores possible changes in the thermal properties, crystallinity, morphology, and mechanical properties. In a two-step methodology, wood fibres (50% wt%) were first functionalised with nanocellulose (nC; 1-9 wt%) and then, secondly, processed into composites using an extrusion process. The surface modification of nC improves its compatibility with the polymer matrix, resulting in improved adhesion, mechanical properties, and inherent biodegradability. The effects of the functionalised WF on the recycled polymer composites were investigated systematically and included analyses of the structure, crystallisation, morphology, and surface properties, as well as thermal and mechanical properties. Using a comprehensive range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential measurements, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), this study aims to unravel the intricate interplay of factors affecting the performance and properties of the developed nanocellulose-functionalised wood fibre-polymer composites. The interfacial adhesion of the nW-PPr polymer composites, crystallisation process, and surface properties was improved due to the formation of an H-bond between the nW coupling agent and neat PP-r. In addition, the role of nW (1.0 wt%) as a nucleating agent resulted in increased crystallinity, or, on the other hand, promoted the interfacial interaction with the highest amount (3.0% wt%, 9.0% wt%) of nW in the PP-r preferentially between the nW and neat PP-r, and also postponed the crystallisation temperature. The changes in the isoelectric point of the nW-PPr polymer composites compared to the neat PP-r polymer indicate the acid content of the polymer composite and, consequently, the final surface morphology. Finally, the higher storage modulus of the composites compared to neat r-PP shows a dependence on improved crystallinity, morphology, and adhesion. It was clear that the results of this study contribute to a better understanding of sustainable materials and can drive the development of environmentally friendly composites applied in packaging.

The binding pattern of ferric iron and iron-binding protein in Botrytis cinerea

Iron-binding protein (Ibp) has protective effect on pathogen exposed to H2O2 in defense response of plants. Ibp in Botrytis cinerea (BcIbp) is related to its virulence. Bcibp mutation lead to virulence deficiencies in B. cinerea. BcIbp is involved in the Fe3+ homeostasis regulation. Recognition the binding site and binding pattern of ferric iron and iron-binding protein in B. cinerea are vital to understand its function. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations, dynamic cross correlation analysis and quantum chemical energy calculation were used to explore binding pattern of ferric iron. MD results showed that the C-terminal region had little effect on the stability of residues in the Fe3+-binding pocket. Energy calculations suggested the most likely coordination pattern for ferric iron in iron-binding protein. These results will help to understand the binding of ferric iron to iron-binding protein and provide new ideas for regulating the virulence of B. cinerea.

Dynamic Transitive Closure-based Static Analysis through the Lens of Quantum Search

Many existing static analysis algorithms suffer from cubic bottlenecks because of the need to compute a dynamic transitive closure (DTC). For the first time, this article studies the quantum speedups on searching subtasks in DTC-based static analysis algorithms using quantum search (e.g., Grover’s algorithm). We first introduce our oracle implementation in Grover’s algorithm for DTC-based static analysis and illustrate our quantum search subroutine. Then, we take two typical DTC-based analysis algorithms: context-free-language reachability and set constraint-based analysis, and show that our quantum approach can reduce the time complexity of these two algorithms to truly subcubic ( \(O(N^2\sqrt {N}{\it polylog}(N))\) ), yielding better results than the upper bound ( O ( N 3 /log N )) of existing classical algorithms. Finally, we conducted a classical simulation of Grover’s search to validate our theoretical approach, due to the current quantum hardware limitation of lacking a practical, large-scale, noise-free quantum machine. We evaluated the correctness and efficiency of our approach using IBM Qiskit on nine open-source projects and randomly generated edge-labeled graphs/constraints. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and shed light on the promising direction of applying quantum algorithms to address the general challenges in static analysis.

A comparative study on bank income diversification: which non-interest income component is beneficial?

PurposeThis paper aims to conduct a comparative study on the impact of income diversification and the main non-interest components on banks’ financial performance and risk-adjusted profitability in China and Egypt.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses both static and dynamic panel regression analyses on a sample of Egyptian and Chinese banks from 2009 to 2022.FindingsIncome diversification yields positive effects on bank profitability in Egypt and China. Trading income consistently exhibits a significant positive influence on bank profitability in both nations. Conversely, fee-based income positively impacts bank profitability in China, whereas in Egypt, this effect is observed under dynamic-based regression models. On the contrary, income diversification does not consistently increase risk-adjusted profitability in both countries, especially Egypt.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of income diversification on Egyptian bank performance while identifying the most significant non-interest income components. In addition, the comparative analysis conducted in this study reveals the positioning of China, the largest economy among emerging countries, in terms of the degree of income diversification, its impact on bank profitability and the extent to which non-interest income components contribute to bank profitability when compared with Egypt, representing an emerging country characterised by different levels of bank market power, financial infrastructure and expertise. Findings hold significant implications, suggesting that bank managers and policymakers should prioritise diversifying income sources, particularly through fee-based services and trading activities in China, and trading activities in Egypt, to enhance financial profitability.

Stability Study of Synthetic Diamond Using a Thermally Controlled Biological Environment: Application towards Long-Lasting Neural Prostheses.

This paper demonstrates, for the first time, the stability of synthetic diamond as a passive layer within neural implants. Leveraging the exceptional biocompatibility of intrinsic nanocrystalline diamond, a comprehensive review of material aging analysis in the context of in-vivo implants is provided. This work is based on electric impedance monitoring through the formulation of an analytical model that scrutinizes essential parameters such as the deposited metal resistivity, insulation between conductors, changes in electrode geometry, and leakage currents. The evolution of these parameters takes place over an equivalent period of approximately 10 years. The analytical model, focusing on a fractional capacitor, provides nuanced insights into the surface conductivity variation. A comparative study is performed between a classical polymer material (SU8) and synthetic diamond. Samples subjected to dynamic impedance analysis reveal distinctive patterns over time, characterized by their physical degradation. The results highlight the very high stability of diamond, suggesting promise for the electrode's enduring viability. To support this analysis, microscopic and optical measurements conclude the paper and confirm the high stability of diamond and its strong potential as a material for neural implants with long-life use.

Multihazard resilience and economic loss evaluation method for cable-stayed bridges under the combined effects of scour and earthquakes

Cable-stayed bridges (CSBs) commonly experience scour-induced foundation issues during their service life, impacting both structural seismic resilience and economic losses. Nonetheless, these aspects remain inadequately addressed in existing seismic codes. This paper presents a comprehensive probabilistic multihazard fragility, resilience, and economic loss evaluation method for CSBs influenced by scour and earthquakes. Numerical models with various scour depths considering epistemic uncertainties in loads, structural properties, and soil conditions are first established using the Latin-hypercube sampling (LHS) method. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDAs) are then conducted on these models in cases with near-fault and far-field bidirectional ground motions, yielding probabilistic multihazard demand models and component- and system-level multihazard fragility surfaces for diverse limit states. Subsequently, resilience and economic losses are comparatively evaluated by integrating damage probabilities with corresponding uncertain functional recovery functions. Eventually, a rapid bridge traffic capacity evaluation method based on the critical traffic capacity surface concept is devised to effectively assess CSB open patterns under various peak ground accelerations (PGAs), scour depths, and repair times. The numerical results show apparent shifts in the nonmonotonic seismic fragility, resilience, and economic loss of the case CSB due to scour effects, with the rates of change reaching 31.4 %, 34 %, and 24.8 %, respectively, associated with a critical scour depth of 12 m at IM = 0.8 g. The developed analysis framework provides a reference for the life-cycle design and maintenance of CSBs affected by multihazard scour and earthquakes.

CT-derived Fractional Flow Reserve: How, When, and Where to use this Novel Cardiac Imaging Tool.

Fractional flow reserve computed tomography (FFRCT) is a novel imaging modality. It utilizes computational fluid dynamics analysis of coronary blood flow obtained from CCTA images to estimate the decrease in pressure across coronary stenosis during the maximum hyperemia. The FFRCT can serve as a valuable tool in the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD). This non-invasive option can be used as an alternative to the invasive fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) evaluation, which is presently considered the gold standard for evaluating the physiological significance of coronary stenoses. It can help in several clinical situations, including Assessment of Acute and stable chest pain, virtual planning for coronary stenting, and treatment decision-making. Although FFRCT has demonstrated potential clinical applications as a non-invasive imaging technique, it is also crucial to acknowledge its limitations in clinical practice. As a result, it is imperative to meticulously evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of FFRCT individually and contemplate its application in combination with other diagnostic examinations and clinical data.