Dynamic Verbs Research Articles

One Country, Two Perspectives: A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of the Greater Bay Area Scheme in Hong Kong and Mainland China

Despite extensive research on media framing of Hong Kong affairs, there remains a significant gap in the comparative analysis of media representations between Chinese and Hong Kong news discourses amid Hong Kong’s increasing integration with mainland China. This study employs a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis to examine the discursive construction around the Greater Bay Area (GBA) scheme in the news discourses of South China Morning Post (SCMP) and China Daily (CD). The key emotion semantic analysis reveals that the SCMP predominantly projects negative emotions related to worry, while CD foregrounds positive emotions such as bravery. A word sketch of Hong Kong suggests that SCMP prefersd dynamic verbs highlighting the potential effects of the scheme, whereas CD emphasizes the actions associated with administration and regulation. The study contributes to an understanding of media shaping public perception, with real-world policy implications for cross-border communication strategies.

Let’s Do It Differently: Exploring the Effectiveness of 5E-Supported EFL Grammar Instruction

The teaching of and research on grammar have long been central to language education, with an ongoing quest for more effective models for fostering student understanding and application. The 5E (viz., Engagement, Exploration, Explanation, Elaboration, and Evaluation) instructional model, recognized for its effectiveness in promoting engagement and active learning, may not only constitute an innovative approach to grammar instruction but also leverage an interactive inquiry-based environment which improves student comprehension and retention of grammatical concepts. This study examines the potential effectiveness of the 5E Model in EFL grammar instruction. The participants, 70 students in two intact tenth-grade sections from a public school in Irbid, Jordan, were randomly assigned into an experimental group (n=35), taught using the 5E Model, and a control group (n=35), taught per the guidelines of the prescribed teacher’s book. A pre-/post- test targeting five grammatical structures (viz., state and dynamic verbs, second conditional, making suggestions, defining relative clauses, and non-defining relative clauses) was used. The findings showed statistically significant differences (at α= 0.05) between the experimental and control group students’ performance in both overall grammar and each of the five structures in favor of the former. The study concludes with several pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.

Dynamic Verbs in Peaky Blinders Season 1

The need to be able to understand what other people convey is very important for humans as social beings. Humans communicate through words that have forms and meanings that contain ideas, intentions, or emotions. This research was written to find out the meaning in the form of an action of a word form, namely a dynamic verb when it is associated with the whole sentence. Dynamic verbs and their types that will be analyzed are taken from the popular series, Peaky Blinders Season 1 Episode 1 and Episode 2. The writer took thirty data to be the object of the analysis. The qualitative method is the method used in the preparation of this study based on Saeed (2016) who divides dynamic verbs into four types namely, durative-punctual and telic-atelic as the main theory. The findings were: three data were declared as durative-atelic with a percentage of 10%, ten data were declared as punctual-telic with a percentage of 33.3%, and seventeen data were declared as durative-telic with a percentage of 56.7%. There are three positions from the findings, namely durative-telic as the most type, punctual-telic in the middle position, and durative-atelic as the least.

An Ecological Discourse Analysis of Wordsworth s Nature Poetry from a Systemic Functional Linguistics Perspective -- Taking Daffodils as an Example

The English Romantic poet Wordsworth composed many nature poems. Taking the nature poem Daffodils as the research corpus, this paper aims to carry out ecolinguistic analysis from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics, mainly focusing on three dimensions: transitivity analysis, agency and causality analysis, as well as grammatical metaphors. The goal is to reveal the poet s ecological consciousness by analyzing the linguistic structure and function of the text. Through the use of non-human and materialistic process participants, special grammatical features of dynamic verbs, and nominalized grammatical metaphors, the relationship between human beings and nature is portrayed as one of harmonious coexistence and equal dialogue. The work manifests a positive ecological view of the unity of things and the self , showing that systemic functional linguistics provides theoretical support for ecological discourse analysis.

Tense-aspect conditioned agent marking in Kanakanavu, an Austronesian language of Taiwan

Abstract This article examines two types of lexical effects in the voice system of Kanakanavu, an Austronesian language of Taiwan. The first concerns a well-attested phenomenon in the Austronesian literature: interactions between the semantic transitivity of verbs and their ability (or lack thereof) to undergo voice alternation. The second concerns a phenomenon that is typologically and areally rare in the western Austronesian context – differential agent marking. The pronominal agent in Kanakanavu’s patient-/undergoer-voice construction is differentially case-marked depending on the tense-aspect value of the clause. However, lexical effects are found in how the differentially marked agent is interpreted. When dynamic verbs are used, omitted agents in perfective clauses are interpreted as coreferential with a specific referent mentioned in prior discourse, but those in non-perfective clauses are interpreted as having generic reference, backgrounded, and/or not centrally involved in the situation expressed by the verb. When stative verbs are used, alternation between perfective and imperfective verb forms may have various effects on the interpretation of the agent. In some stative verbs, the agent is interpreted as a prototypical semantic agent in the perfective, but as a semantic experiencer in the imperfective. In other stative verbs, the perfective/non-perfective alternation has to do with whether a change of state is involved, without having any effects on agent interpretation. This study explores how lexical effects manifest across both elicited and natural discourse data. It also presents the phenomenon of differential agent marking in Kanakanavu as neither typical nor representative in the western Austronesian context.

BEHAVIOR OF VOICES IN THE BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC LANGUAGE: A CASE OF ENGLISH-ARABIC TRANSLATION

The present paper delves into business and economic English and Arabic texts to describe the language and translator's norms and to justify these norms with regards of voices translation. The sample is collected manually from two e-portals where 20 texts were drawn from each website. It is found that translators use oblique translation methods to render passive constructions into Arabic in their endeavor to attain more idiomatic Arabic. Although translators are inclined to use the active voice more than the passive, this usage is mostly limited to dynamic verbs where English active stative verbs were modulated to passive Arabic beside the reduced adjectival phrases. The only gain of meaning or effect is achieved when the active English stative verbs became dynamic Arabic passives in order to give a stronger reporting of information. The findings contribute in characterizing the business and economic voice’ behavior in English and Arabic in an attempt to integrate the findings with the findings of other genres.

Ana dil Türkçe konuşanların ikinci dil Rusçada görünüş bilgisini edinimi

This study examines the acquisition of functional morphology which overtly marks lexical aspect in Russian by adult second language (L2) learners of Turkish. Russian and Turkish are different in the ways they mark both grammatical and lexical aspects. In Russian, both grammatical and lexical (telic) aspects are marked by overt verbal morphology. In Turkish, however, while the grammatical aspect of verbs is marked by inflectional morphemes, which also express tense and/or mood (Kornfilt, 1997), lexical aspect (telicity) is marked by quantized nominal arguments combined with dynamic verbs. We tested 16 L1 Turkish/L2 Russian learners and 16 L1 Russian speakers on a Semantic Entailment (SE) task with telicity and boundedness semantic features and a Truth-Value Judgment (TVJ) task involving sentences with perfective and imperfective forms including quantity and non-quantity internal argument themes. The results of the SE task indicated that L2 Russian speakers were not as successful as L1 Russian speakers in choosing the most logical entailment to perfective sentences rather than imperceptive sentences. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant. The results of the TVJ task also indicated that L2 Russian speakers were less successful than L1 Russian speakers in matching perfective and imperfective sentences with correct pictures. These findings support the claim that adult L2 speakers have difficulty with the acquisition of functional morphology, in particular aspectual morphology and its telicity feature.

Collocation of the auxiliary verb tur with the notional verb and its grammatical semantics in the Kazakh language

Auxiliary verbs are functional auxiliary words that have been widely used from the ancient inscriptions to the contemporary Turki. This study focuses on the written usage of the tur- auxiliary verb in Kazakh language, which belongs to a family of certain static and dynamic verbs. Explanations for tur- are frequently merged with zhat (zhatyr), otyr, and zhur on the grounds of their similarities in grammatical meaning, albeit the distinctions in each of their combination potential with notional verbs as well as grammatical meaning. In light of this, this study intends to make a data-based presentation of how Kazakh notional verbs beginning with tur- is used in conjunction with the suffixes a\-e\-j, -p\-ip\-yp, -ğaly\ -geli\-qaly\-keli. Moreover, this study innovatively adopted a novel linguistic research method, i.e., determining whether the verbs’ lexical meaning is continuous, static, repetitive, productive, and bounded, when analyzing the combination features of tur- with notional verbs, instead of using the conventional analytical classification by the Kazakh verbs’ lexical meaning. In addition to that, this study also systematically describes the subtle differences in the aspectual meaning of tur- as well as the implied mood and fixed expression of its usage in sentences.  This research not only depicts the overall characteristics of the auxiliary verb tur but also contributes to distinguishing it from other auxiliary verbs such as zhat (zhatyr), otyr and zhur.

The Aspectual Meaning of Non-Aspectual Constructions

The distinction between perfective and imperfective aspect has been identified in many languages across the world. This paper shows that even languages that do not have a dedicated perfective—imperfective distinction may endow a verbal construction that is not specifically aspectual with a perfective value. The crucial diagnostic for identifying perfectivity in a given non-aspectual construction is a difference in the temporal interpretation of clauses involving that construction, licensed by the actionality class of the main predicate: while stative verbs have a present interpretation, dynamic verbs yield a non-present (past or future) interpretation. This pattern of interaction is triggered by a phenomenon that has been referred to as the ‘present perfective paradox’, i.e., the impossibility of aligning dynamic situations with the time of speaking while at the same time conceptualizing them in their entirety. The latter type of construal is argued to be the main function of perfective aspect. The range of non-aspectual constructions with underlying perfective semantics includes ‘iamitive’ markers, an evidential, an epistemic supposition marker, a focus marker, a polar question marker, and a declarative marker. These constructions come from typologically different and genetically unrelated languages, illustrating the cross-linguistic salience of the category of perfective aspect.

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN COPULATIVE VERBS

This research aims at determining the similarities, dissimilarities, and possible learning difficulties faced by the students learning English and Indonesian copulative verbs, as well as the recommendations to TEFL. The descriptive research design was used. The documentation technique was applied to collect the data. To analyze the data, the researchers used a descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were two similarities between English and Indonesian copulative verbs in meanings and dynamic verb. The three dissimilarities were in grammatical structure, tense on subject-verb agreement and certain verbs. The possible learning difficulties faced by the students learning English and Indonesian copulative verbs was tense and subject-verb agreement. The recommendations of this research was as a fundamental teaching guidance in helping English teachers design a better teaching Grammar on copulative verbs, in terms of nonverbal copulative nominal, stative copulative nominal and dynamic copulative nominal.

ЛЕКСИКО-СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОЗНАКИ КОНФЕСІЙНОЇ СФЕРИ В АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ ТА УКРАЇНСЬКІЙ МОВАХ: ЗІСТАВНИЙ АСПЕКТ (ЧАСТИНА 2)

The paper deals with the contrastive analysis of the Ukrainian (Ivan Ohiyenko) and English (King James Bible) translations of the Old Testament (Genesis, Chapter 1) with the purpose to establish their comparative lexical and stylistic features. The assessment of the stylistic devices in the Ukrainian (UTT) and English (ETT) target texts proves a high degree of their similarity. There is a considerable parallelism in the use of repetition, paraphrase, aphorisms, generic nouns, stylistically coloured lexemes, rhetorical address and homogenous elements’ structure. The polysyndeton is a distinctive feature of both texts as well as gradation and a systematic use of archaic or unusual words. The dissimilarities of the two texts include alliterative repetition in verse 10, a double-focus repetition and a weakened polysyndeton in verse 29 in ETT, repetition in ETT (verses 14-15) which appeared to be impossible in UTT due to the specifi c structure used there and the strengthened verb repetition in the refrain of each period in UTT. Other distinctions include a systematic use of the state verb (be) in ETT, whereas the UTT utilizes a range of dynamic verbs indicating the transition from one state to another; the use of two monotypic metaphors in ETT, as compared to neutral lexemes in UTT; or, conversely, the ETT counterpart of an elevated style word is stylistically neutral in UTT. Another divergence is the use of parceling in ETT, which shifts the stylistic emphasis to the parceled fragment, while in the UTT the preference is given to the double synonymic structure; the use of archaism, metaphor and synecdoche in ETT whereas they are absent in UTT. Other unilaterally used stylistic devices include personifi cation in ETT versus alliteration and assonance in UTT; the use of an infi nitive stricture in ETT and a verbal noun in UTT to render purpose; greater variability of attributes (prepositional, postpositional, subordinate clauses), as well as lexical stylistic means in UTT; greater phonetic and lexical diversity of generalizing attributes in UTT. Overall, a somewhat greater variety of lexical stylistic means in UTT may be assumed, although it can hardly be regarded as the latter’s advantage because the standards of stylistic acceptability substantially vary in diff erent languages and cultures. The scope of further research is outlined. Key words: English and Ukrainian languages, Bible (Genesis), comparative stylistics, comparative lexicology, confessional style, teaching translation and interpreting, comparative lexical and stylistic analysis, lexical and stylistic features.

Stylistics of The Syntactic Structures: Occurrence of the Present Tense in the Text and its time-related significance, Nizār Qabbānī's Poetic Collection Yawmiyyāt Imraʼa Lā Mubāliya as a Model

The topic of stylistics in linguistics has been of interest for linguists for many years; it’s a new science that emerged in the 19th century. It is basically the scientific study of a particular style that exhibits its unique characteristics and distinctive features. The current study examines the syntactic structures and their occurrence in Nizār Qabbānī's Poetic Collection Yawmiyyāt Imraʼa Lā Mubāliya. The occurrence of verbs and nouns is examined and analyzed closely and thoroughly. The time-related properties of the verbs are pointed out, and their contribution to the significance of the meaning is examined. The study aims to answer specific stylistic questions through a rigorous analysis of a selected literary work by establishing a connection between the occurrence of the verb tenses and the nouns in the collection and their relation to serving the significance and pointing out the theme of the poetic collection. Throughout the research, nouns and verbs will be identified and analyzed in each and every poem of the poetic collection. Literature review and referential language sources will be consulted to point out their characteristics and significance. The study is a combination of literary work analysis and a scientific approach to understanding the significance and the message of that work as a whole. The poetic collection, which in fact constitutes a foundation stone for the study is analyzed syntactically in terms of its structures and discourse. We observed that the ratio of verbs to nouns is (38.2%), and we believe that the presence of verbs in this percentage is due to nature of this poetic collection which is revolutionary in most of its poems. The rejection of social norms that rendered the man an authoritarian status and the aspiration for an extensive change is expressed through the use of dynamic verbs rather than static nouns. We were also able to notice that the rise in the verb-count is directly related to how challenging it is to create change within a deeply-entrenched and old-fashioned social fabric. The study attempts to point out the connection between the syntactic structures used in the literary work and the society and time period where and when the work was generated, and to find the linguistic, philosophical and social significance of the occurrence of the present poetic collection that is used as a model.

جمود الأفعال وتصرُّفها فى شعر عدنان على رضا النحوى [ دیوان الأرض المبارکة ] أنموذجًا دراسة صرفیة تطبیقیة

مستخلص البحث باللغة العربية تعد دراسة الصيغ الصرفية أساسا فى فهم علوم لغتنا العربية وتراکيبها وأساليبها، ومن هنا جاءت هذه الدراسة مهتمة بأبنية الأفعال الصرفية الجامدة والمتصرفة وتحليلها وبيان معانيها فى ديوان الأرض المبارکة للشاعر عدنان على رضا النحوى، مستعرضا آراء الصرفيين فيها. واعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفى القائم على التحليل والذى يهتم بدراسة بنية الکلمة فى واقعها اللغوى، واستقراء المادة اللغوية المتضمنة فى السياق الذى وردت فيه، ورصد أبنية الأفعال وتحليلها صرفيا وبيان معانيها ؛ وصولا إلى نتائج الدراسة. وقد جاء البحث فى مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاث مباحث، وخاتمة بها أهم النتائج التى توصل إليها البحث، وقائمة الملاحق، وقائمة المصادر والمراجع، وفهرس الموضوعات. اختصت المقدمة بالحديث عن أسباب اختيار الموضوع، أهداف الدراسة، منهج الدراسة، حدود الدراسة، والدراسات السابقة، وخطة الدراسة. واختص التمهيد بالتعريف بالشاعر. وأما المبحث الأول فتناول الأفعال الجامدة. المبحث الثانى تناول الأفعال المتصرفة التامة. المبحث الثالث تناول الأفعال المتصرفة الناقصة. وأما الخاتمة فتتناولت نتائج البحث، بالإضافة إلى قائمة الملاحق، تليها قائمة المصادر والمراجع. Abstract Studying Morphosyntactic modals is the base in understating our great Arabic language with its syntaxes and forms. This leads to the study which highlights verb from, analysis, and meaning in the poetical works ‘’The Holy Land” for Adnan Ali Reda AlNahwy, which demonstrates morphologists’ views. The research is built on the descriptive approach which is analytic and concentrates on syntax, inducting from context, deducing verb structure, morphological analysis, and meaning to reach the study findings. The study has an introduction, a preface, three researches and an epilogue- which includes the most important research findings, resources, references, and the index. The introduction highlights the reasons for choosing the study topic, goals, approach, outlines, and plan; and previous studies. The preface highlights the poet’s biography. As for the first research, it focuses on stative verbs. In the second research, it demonstrates dynamic verbs. The third research illustrates modal verbs. And the epilogue sums up the research findings, Moreover, there is an attachments list, followed by resources and references list.

The Use of the Progressive in Light of the AH in Monolingual EFL-Instructed Spanish Learners at University Level: A Longitudinal Learner Corpus-Based SLA Study

Despite recent interest in the analysis of the progressive in light of the Aspect Hypothesis (AH), little information is available on the use of the progressive by EFL Spanish learners. To gain a better understanding of the use of the progressive in EFL-instructed Spanish learner writing at advanced levels, this longitudinal learner corpus-based SLA study examines the frequency of use of the progressive, as well as two of the associations of the AH: (i) the progressive with dynamic verbs; (ii) and, no overextension of the progressive to stative verbs. The effects derived from factors or variables such as the tense employed, target- and non-target-like uses, students’ academic year and expected higher proficiency level, task type and individual preferences are also discussed as a way to fine-tuning the strong version of the AH to the use of the progressive by this learner group

I hope they don't get forgotten. A descriptive corpus-based approach to get-passives with verbs of cognition in English

It is widely held in the literature that English get-passives are only found with dynamic predicates, stative verbs being excluded from it. However, based on an extensive corpus-based analysis of occurrences with the verbs forget, know, remember, understand and believe, this article shows that the get-passive with stative verbs of cognition, although infrequent, does occur in English. The so-called cognitive get-passive is then examined in relation to the formal, semantic and pragmatic properties commonly claimed to define central get-passives with dynamic verbs. The analysis reveals, on the one hand, that these features are not equally relevant in the characterisation of these sentences and, on the other, that there exist strong interconnections between them and the lexical properties of the verbs analysed.

To Be, To Move, To React

Focusing on African agency, this paper debates around a constructed triad of concepts found at the roots of African ways of expressing the struggle for identification, recognition and also the rise of a continent in worldly discourses, in a holistic and rather philosophical approach. The constructed triad is represented by narratives of dynamic verbs such as to be, to move and to react, in a post-structuralist intent to express the concept of following Africa, an alternative token for the changes in the perception of African agency. The aim of this concept is to symbolize, in a neo-postcolonial reading, the consciousness of self-consciousness, as a possible complex process of African becoming and the African continent’s rise in the global narratives.

Frames at the Interface of Language and Cognition

This article reviews the work on frames in the last decade by a Düsseldorf research group. The research is based on Barsalou's notion of frames and the hypothesis that the frame is the general format of categorization in human cognition. The Düsseldorf frame group developed formal definitions and interpretations of Barsalou frames and applied the theory in linguistics, philosophy, and psychology. This review focuses on applications of the theory in semantics. The Düsseldorf approach grounds the analysis of composition in deep decomposition of lexical meanings with frames. The basic mechanism of composition is unification, which has deep repercussions on semantic theory and practice: Composition produces structured meanings and is not necessarily deterministic. The interaction of semantic and world knowledge can be modeled in an overall frame model across levels of linguistic analysis. The review concludes with a brief report on the development of hyperframes for dynamic verbs and for cascades, a model for multilevel categorization of action.

Progressive or simple? A corpus-based study of aspect in World Englishes

Previous corpus-based research on the progressive (be +v- ing) investigated it from a diachronic point of view or from the angle of World Englishes (WEs). However, factors such as its propensity to occur with animate subjects or its preference for dynamic verbs have not been studied in relation to the choice between progressive and simple aspect. As the progressive has been extended to stative verbs, we argue that a variationist study of the construction in WEs needs to take simple vps into account systematically, too, and investigate whether there is interaction between predictor variables underlying the progressive:simple choice. We use a probabilistic grammar approach to study progressives in newspaper writing across a broad range of WEs. We apply a tree and forest analysis to gauge the relative strength of the predictor variables variety, animacy, tense/modality, verb type and voice. Our results show that the core grammar for the progressive:simple choice is shared across all Englishes. The extension of progressives to stative verbs, in particular, does not result in statistically detectable effects. We argue that they nevertheless serve to give a very ‘local’ flavour to contact varieties as they are salient against the backdrop of the core grammar.

Principles for Writing about Quantitative Research.

Principles for Writing about Quantitative Research.

Dynamicity and Stativity in a Linguistic Reflection of Space: Megrelian Preverbs and Their Context

Abstract The present paper is aimed at a structural and semantic analysis of dynamic and stative verbs in a linguistic reflection of spatial relations. The investigation is based on the data of dynamic verbs referring to motion/movement- the most widespread and salient kind of motion -and of stative verbs referring to immobility/location. Specifically, I will use dynamic verbs that refer to both motion/movement proper (motion per se) and to transfer (to take): ul-a ‘to go,’ purin-ua ‘to fly,’ nčur-ua ‘to swim,’ rula-a ‘to run,’ and xox-ua ‘to crawl.’ Parallel stative verbs will be presented as forms referring to standard location/state: -rina ‘to be, to stand,’ -xvena ‘to sit,’ -’n’ǯira ‘to lie,’ - ʒvena ‘to be laid,’ and dgvena /dguma ‘to be laid’ (for inanimate objects), etc. I will also use data from morpho-syntactic analyses of dynamic and stative forms. Megrelian dynamic and stative verb roots convey types of motion/immobility, however, they are essentially neutral in terms of any locative reference. This kind of information is rendered by adverbial derivational formants included in the verb stem – preverbs which are taken on by verb roots referring to motion/movement to derive new, semantically distinct, verb stems. Owing to this, it is necessary to discuss in detail the structure and usage of the preverbs as a basic means for the encoding of spatial relations within a neutral root.With respect to the issue in question, the following was established: a) types of directions and orientation of motion encoded in the aforementioned verb forms; b) peculiarities of spatial location of motion/immobility, and; c) semantic features of dynamic and stative forms.