Dynamic Strain Research Articles

Pulmonary inflammation decreases with ultra-protective ventilation in experimental ARDS under VV-ECMO: a positron emission tomography study.

Experimentally, ultra-protective ventilation (UPV, tidal volumes [VT] < 4 mL.kg-1) strategies in conjunction with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) are associated with lesser ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI) during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, whether these strategies reduce lung inflammation more effectively than protective ventilation (PV) remains unclear. We aimed to demonstrate that a UPV strategy decreases acute lung inflammation in comparison with PV in an experimental swine model of ARDS. ARDS was induced by tracheal instillation of chlorhydric acid in sedated and paralyzed animals under mechanical ventilation. Animals were randomized to receive either UPV (VT 1 mL.kg-1, positive end-expiration pressure [PEEP] set to obtain plateau pressure between 20 and 25 cmH2O and respiratory rate [RR] at 5 min-1 under VV-ECMO) or PV (VT 6 mL.kg-1, PEEP set to obtain plateau pressure between 28 and 30 cmH2O and RR at 25 min-1) during 4 h. After 4 h, a positron emission tomography with [11C](R)-PK11195 (ligand to TSPO-bearing macrophages) injection was realized, coupled with quantitative computerized tomography (CT). Pharmacokinetic multicompartment models were used to quantify regional [11C](R)-PK11195 lung uptake. [11C](R)-PK11195 lung uptake and CT-derived respiratory variables were studied regionally across eight lung regions distributed along the antero-posterior axis. Five pigs were randomized to each study group. Arterial O2 partial pressure to inspired O2 fraction were not significantly different between study groups after experimental ARDS induction (75 [68-80] mmHg in a PV group vs. 87 [69-133] mmHg in a UPV group, p = 0.20). Compared to PV animals, UPV animals exhibited a significant decrease in the regional non-aerated compartment in the posterior lung levels, in mechanical power, and in regional dynamic strain and no statistical difference in tidal hyperinflation after 4 h. UPV animals had a significantly lower [11C](R)-PK11195 uptake, compared to PV animals (non-displaceable binding potential 0.35 [IQR, 0.20-0.59] in UPV animals and 1.01 [IQR, 0.75-1.59] in PV animals, p = 0.01). Regional [11C](R)-PK11195 uptake was independently associated with the interaction of regional tidal hyperinflation and regional lung compliance. In an experimental model of ARDS, 4 h of UPV strategy significantly decreased lung inflammation, in relation to the control of VT-derived determinants of VILI.

Fiber Bragg grating-based flume tests for inversing the impact force coefficient of debris flow

In the piezoelectric sensor-based debris flow flume tests, the impact force coefficient (k) obtained from inversion has a significant dispersion range, which causes considerable uncertainty in the debris flow impact force. To reduce the dispersion range of k, this study designed a new measurement system by integrating the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and the elastic cantilever beam as the core sensing unit. The impact of debris flows on the sensing unit causes the bending deformation of the cantilever beam, which subsequently causes the wavelength shift of the FBG fixed on the cantilever beam. The optical signals are converted into the dynamic strain signals of the cantilever beam using the photosensitive characteristic of the FBG. According to the mechanical characteristics of the cantilever beam and the Bingham model of debris flow, the method of inversing k using the strain signals was proposed. Based on the FBG sensor system, 45 tests were conducted under different working conditions. The inversion model obtained 38 sets of k by analyzing the test data. The standard deviation and dispersion coefficient of k were 0.4 and 0.25, respectively, making the k in the range of 0.9 to 2.8, which was superior to the k derived from the traditional measurement mode.

Progressive damage and fracture behavior of brittle rock under multi-axial prestress constraint and cyclic impact load coupling

To explore the progressive damage and fracture mechanics characteristics of brittle rock materials under combined dynamic-static loading. Taking account of the coupling effect of the constraint states of uniaxial stress (σ1 ≥ σ2 = σ3 = 0), biaxial stress (σ1 ≥ σ2 > σ3 = 0) and true triaxial stress (σ1 ≥ σ2 ≥ σ3 ≠ 0) and impact load, the strain rate effect and prestress constraint effect of dynamic mechanical characteristics of sandstone are studied. The progressive damage evolution law of sandstone under the coupling of true triaxial stress constraint and cyclic impact load is discussed. The results show that with the increase of axial stress σ1, the dynamic compressive strength and peak strain gradually decrease, and the strain rate gradually increases, resulting in crushing failure under high strain rate. When the axial stress is fixed, the lateral stress constraint reduces the damage degree of sandstone and improves the dynamic compressive strength. With the increase of strain rate, the sample changes from slight splitting failure to inclined shear failure mode. Under the true triaxial stress constraint, the intermediate principal stress σ2 obviously enhances the dynamic compressive strength of sandstone. Under the constraints of triaxial stress, biaxial stress and uniaxial stress, the enhancement effect of dynamic compressive strength and the deformation resistance of sandstone are weakened in turn. Under the coupling of true triaxial stress constraint and high strain rate, sandstone samples show obvious progressive damage evolution effect under repeated impacts, and eventually inclined shear failure occurs, resulting in complete loss of bearing capacity.

Dynamic tensile properties of flax fiber reinforced polymer composites

Flax fibers have been widely used as reinforcing materials due to the growing demand for the development of sustainable materials. They are cost-effective and have excellent mechanical properties. In this study, the dynamic tensile properties of flax FRP coupons were tested using an Instron VHS high rate testing system. The effect of strain rate on the failure process, failure modes, tensile strength, failure strain, and Young’s modulus of flax FRP coupons were discussed and analyzed within the strain rate less than 164.2 s−1. The failure process at different strain rates were captured by a high-speed camera. It was observed that the specimen failed with only one cross-sectional fracture at a relatively low strain rate. At a relatively high strain rate, more than one fracture was observed. The experimental results indicated that the dynamic tensile strength increased, failure strain decreased, and Young’s modulus remained almost unchanged when the strain rate was less than 41.3 s−1. As it was over 41.3 s−1, the dynamic tensile strength, failure strain, and Young’s modulus had a prominent rise. To describe the dynamic tensile strength, failure strain, and Young’s modulus at a certain strain rate, empirical equations based on the experimental data were proposed for reference.

Analysis of the Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation of Water-Saturated Fissured Sandstone Specimens

To investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of water-saturated fissure rock at different strain rates, prefabricated sandstone specimens with a 45° dip angle were treated with water saturation and the impact compression test was performed with a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test device at different impact pressures. The results show that the clusters of dynamic stress–strain curves of water-saturated and natural sandstone specimens with a 45° dip angle of prefabricated fissures are basically similar under different impact air pressures. A distinct strain rate effect was observed for dynamic strain and dynamic compressive strength, both of which increased with increasing strain rate. From the failure pattern of the specimen, it can be seen that cracks appeared from the tip of the prefabricated fissure under axial stress, spreading to both ends and forming wing cracks and anti-wing cracks associated with shear cracks. As the strain rate increased, the energy dissipation density of the specimen gradually increased, and the macroscopic cracks cross-expanded with each other. The fracture form of the specimen showed a small block distribution, and the average particle size of the specimen gradually decreased. The specimen crushing energy dissipation density was negatively correlated with fracture size, reflecting a certain rate correlation. The sandstone fragments’ fractal dimension increases with the increase in crushing energy dissipation density, and the fractal dimension may be applied as a quantitative index to characterize sandstone crushing.

Microstructural damage assessment in alloy 617M near high cycle fatigue threshold at elevated temperature

AbstractHigh cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior of Ni superalloy 617M is investigated at 973 K and R‐ratio −1 on a resonance‐based fatigue testing system at 85 Hz frequency. The alloy experiences an abrupt drop in fatigue life within a narrow domain of 2.5–5 MPa near its fatigue strength at 320 MPa. Electron microscopy and diffraction techniques were employed to thoroughly analyze the nominal fatigue damage. The characterization revealed the significance of precipitation of secondary phases M23C6, Ti (C, N), and γ′ phase in dictating the HCF strength of the alloy. Cyclic loading at high temperature causes γ‐matrix hardening and secondary phase precipitation synergistically strengthening the material beyond its yield strength. Conjunctively, dynamic strain aging was also seen to play a major role in the evolution of fatigue damage. The work highlights the collective contribution of γ′‐phase precipitation, carbides, and dynamic strain aging and their influence on the HCF behavior of alloy 617M.

Statistical analysis of serrated flows in CoNiV medium-entropy alloy

The Portevin–Le Chatelier (PLC) effect induced by dynamic strain aging is commonly observed in various alloys. The stress-drop magnitude of serrations and the critical strain at which serrations occur are two pivotal features characterizing serrated flow. This study investigates the temperature (160–460 °C) and strain rate (6 × 10−4 s−1–2 × 10−2 s−1) dependence of the serrated flow behavior in the CoNiV medium-entropy alloy through uniaxial tensile tests. Under the guidance of the mean-field theory, a scale theory has been applied to derive a scale function and scale indices that can be used to predict the distribution of stress drops. A normal PLC behavior of critical strain is fitted using the dislocation pinning model, demonstrating the presence of specific solute atoms conforming to the dislocation pinning model within medium-entropy alloys.

Effect of Prestrain on Payne Effect and Hysteresis Loss of Carbon-Black-Filled Rubber Vulcanizates: Measurements and Modeling.

The performance of a viscoelastic damper is governed by the mechanical properties of the viscoelastic material, which are sensitive to prestrain. Among viscoelastic materials, carbon black (CB)-filled rubber vulcanizate is commonly used in structural applications. In this paper, the prestrain-dependent Payne effect and hysteresis loss of CB-filled rubber vulcanizates are investigated through experimental and theoretical analysis. Based on the experimental results, the classic quantitative models proposed by Kraus, Huber-Vilgis, and Maier-Göritz are used to describe the Payne effect. The results show that the Maier-Göritz model is most suitable to describe the Payne effect, especially for the loss modulus. After calculating the area of the hysteresis loops, hysteresis loss curves at various dynamic strain amplitudes are parallel to each other. Through application of the time-strain superposition principle, the hysteresis loss at any arbitrary prestrain can be predicted. Thus, the aim of this paper is to provide guidance for researchers in choosing an accurate model for future investigations of the prestrain-dependent Payne effect. An accelerated characterization method is useful for the prediction of the hysteresis loss of rubber products using small amounts of experimental data, which can provide manufacturers with more attractive and lower cost opportunities for testing the mechanical properties of rubber products.

Effect of strain rate on the stress corrosion cracking of TP439 stainless steel in water vapor environment at 500 ℃

The effect of water vapor on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of TP439 stainless steel at 500 °C was investigated using slow strain rate tensile tests at three strain rates of 2 × 10–5/s, 2 × 10–6/s, and 2 × 10–7/s. Air was selected as a comparative blank test environment for the water vapor environment. The results showed that the tensile strength of the specimens increased significantly in air when the strain rate was decreased from 2 × 10–5/s to 2 × 10–7/s, while it decreased in water vapor. Dynamic strain aging (DSA) and SCC are the main factors contributing to the difference in tensile strength of the specimens in air and water vapor. The SCC of TP439 stainless steel in water vapor at 500 °C occurs at a strain rate of 2 × 10–7/s or even lower. Based on the SCC susceptibility index and SEM observation of specimen fracture, TP439 stainless steel exhibits a slight transgranular SCC in water vapor with low SCC susceptibility.

Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors Fabricated by Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing for High-Frequency Dynamic Strain Measurements

Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors Fabricated by Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing for High-Frequency Dynamic Strain Measurements

Analyzing dynamic strain aging and yield strength anomaly in IN740H, a nickel-based superalloy comprising low volume fraction of γ′

IN740H, a Ni-based superalloy comprising a low volume fraction of γ′, is a promising material for superheater and reheater components in advanced ultra-supercritical (AUSC) power plants. Here, its tensile deformation behavior across a temperature range of 25–800 °C and strain rates of 10−3 to 10−5 s−1 was investigated. Distinct stress-strain curve serrations, consistent with dynamic strain aging (DSA), were predominantly observed between 400 and 600 °C. At lower temperatures and strain rates, Type E serrations appeared, which transitioned to Type B and then to Type B + C serrations with increasing temperature. At 600 °C, Type B serrations emerged at high strain rates, gradually transforming into Type B + C serrations as rates decreased before disappearing at lower rates. Notably, the alloy displayed negative strain rate sensitivity in the DSA regime. Furthermore, the alloy also showed yield strength anomaly (YSA), wherein the yield strength decreased initially with temperature, followed by an increase above a specific temperature. Fractography reveals a transition from transgranular dimple fracture behavior to intergranular fracture behavior with an increase in temperature. Post-deformation electron backscatter diffraction analysis indicated predominant grain alignment along {100} and {111} planes, such that {111}-oriented grains exhibited a lower Schmidt factor and the formation of fewer sub-grain boundaries. This work comprehensively characterizes DSA and YSA in IN740H in the temperature range relevant to AUSC power plants, thereby providing much-needed information to assess its potential suitability for applications under harsh conditions.

High vs Low PEEP in Patients With ARDS Exhibiting Intense Inspiratory Effort During Assisted Ventilation: A Randomized Crossover Trial

BackgroundPEEP can potentially modulate inspiratory effort (ΔPes), which is the major determinant of self-inflicted lung injury. Research questionDoes high PEEP reduce ΔPes in moderate-to-severe ARDS patients on assisted ventilation? Study Design and MethodsSixteen patients with PaO2/FiO2≤200 mmHg and ΔPes≥10 cmH2O underwent a randomized sequence of four ventilator settings: PEEP=5 cmH2O or PEEP=15 cmH2O + synchronous (pressure support ventilation, PSV) or asynchronous (pressure-controlled intermittent mandatory ventilation, PC-IMV) inspiratory assistance. ΔPes, respiratory system, lung and chest-wall mechanics were assessed with esophageal manometry and occlusions. PEEP-induced alveolar recruitment and overinflation, lung dynamic strain and tidal volume distribution were assessed with electrical impedance tomography. ResultsΔPes was not systematically different at high vs. low PEEP (PSV: median 20 [15-24] cmH2O vs. 15 [13-23], p=0.24; PC-IMV: 20 [18-23] vs. 19 [17-25], p=0.67). Similarly, respiratory system and transpulmonary driving pressure, tidal volume, lung/chest-wall mechanics and pendelluft extent were not different between study phases. High PEEP resulted in lower or higher ΔPes, respiratory system and transpulmonary driving pressure according to whether this increased or decreased respiratory system compliance, respectively (r=-0.85, p<0.001; r=-0.75, p<0.001; r=-0.80, p<0.001, respectively). PEEP-induced changes in respiratory system compliance were driven by its lung component and were dependent on the extent of PEEP-induced alveolar overinflation (r=-0.66, p=0.006). High PEEP caused variable recruitment and systematic redistribution of tidal volume towards dorsal lung regions, thereby reducing dynamic strain in ventral areas (PSV: 0.49 [0.37-0.83] vs. 0.96 [0.62-1.56], p=0.003; PC-IMV: 0.65 [0.42-1.31] vs. 1.14 [0.79-1.52], p=0.002). All results were consistent during synchronous and asynchronous inspiratory assistance. InterpretationThe impact of high PEEP on ΔPes and lung stress is inter-individually variable according to different effects on respiratory system and lung compliance resulting from alveolar overinflation. High PEEP may help mitigate the risk of self-inflicted lung injury solely if it increases lung/respiratory system compliance.

Microfluidic organ chip of fluid–solid dynamic curved interface

Dynamic curved interfaces are fundamental and ubiquitous structures in biological systems. However, replicating the structure and function associated with these interfaces for mechanobiology and drug screening is challenging. Here, we develop a dynamic curvature-enabled microfluidic organ chip of two fluid–solid dynamic curved interfaces. One interface effectively integrates adjustable biomechanics, and the other controls drug release with open microfluidics. The fluid–solid interface sensed by the cells can modulate the residual stress, stiffness, strain of the solid phase, and the flow shear stress of the fluid phase. Using the chip, we investigate the mechanotransductive responses of endothelial and epithelial cells, including Piezo1, Ca2+, and YAP, and reveal that the response of the endothelium to combined dynamic cyclic strain and flow shear stress is different from separate stimulation and also disparate from the epithelium. Furthermore, direct and high-efficiency drug release to cells is realized by constructing the other fluid–solid interface on the back side of cells, where drugs are encapsulated within cross-linked alginate hydrogel in the open microfluidic channel. Then, we replicate object-specific and location-specific biomechanical environments within carotid bifurcation and prove the effectiveness of drug delivery. Our design exemplifies dynamic curved biological interfaces with controlled mechanical environments and holds potential for patient-specific medicine.

Tailoring the non-coherent interfacial precipitation to overcome the trade-off between strength-ductility and impact energy release in Ti–Zr–Hf–Nb–Ta high entropy alloy

The energetic high-entropy alloys have brought a new idea for the development of new energetic structural materials (ESMs) with high energy density and excellent mechanical properties. However, the energetic high-entropy alloys exhibit a significant trade-off between strength-ductility and impact energy release efficiency. Here, we develop a new strategy to introduce non-coherent interfacial nanoprecipitates into the Ti–Zr-Hf-Nb-Ta BCC energetic high-entropy alloy, which can not only exert the precipitation strengthening mechanism to maintain excellent mechanical properties, but also transform the local shear fracture into multiple cracks along the grain boundary to promote energy release. The nanoprecipitation-strengthened energetic high-entropy alloy achieved a four-times greater fireball area generated by impact energy release than that of the single-phase BCC alloy, while maintaining an excellent mechanical property combination of high dynamic compression strength (1787 MPa) and high fracture strain (40 %). The results provide new insights into the development of energetic high-entropy alloys with superior impact energy release and strength-ductility synergy.

The Effects of Strain Rate and Anisotropy on the Formability and Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy 2024-T3

The present study focuses on the mechanical behaviour and formability of the aluminium alloy 2024-T3 in sheet form with a thickness of 0.8 mm. For this purpose, tensile tests at quasi-static and intermediate strain rates were performed using a universal testing machine, and high strain rate experiments were performed using a split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) facility. The material’s anisotropy was investigated by considering seven different specimen orientations relative to the rolling direction. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure specimen deformation. Based on the true stress–strain curves, the alloy exhibited negative strain rate sensitivity (NSRS). Dynamic strain aging (DSA) was investigated as a possible cause. However, neither the strain distribution nor the stress–strain curves gave further indications of the occurrence of DSA. A higher deformation capacity was observed in the high strain rate experiments. The alloy displayed anisotropic mechanical properties. Values of the Lankford coefficient lower than 1, more specifically, varying between 0.45 and 0.87 depending on specimen orientations and strain rate, were found. The hardening exponent was not significantly dependent on specimen orientation and only moderately affected by strain rate. An average value of 0.183 was observed for specimens tested at a quasi-static strain rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a typical ductile fracture morphology with fine dimples. Dimple sizes were hardly affected by specimen orientation and strain rate.

On the effectiveness of sparse regularization for structural damage diagnosis using dynamic strain measurements

Strain measurement is considered inherently suitable for structural health monitoring due to the ease of extracting damage-sensitive features. However, the need for pre- and post-damage feature extraction, especially in the absence of baseline data for aging infrastructures in service, has engendered skepticism concerning the practical efficacy of strain-based damage diagnosis. To address this, this study incorporates limited prior information on structures and sparse regularization to ascertain the locations and severities of structural damages based on dynamic strain response data. A model-assisted approach is presented, including the typical three-step process of damage feature extraction, finite element modeling, and analytical sensitivity-based model updating. In particular, sparse regularization technique aids in robustly identifying structural damage by tackling the hindrance encountered during model updating, involving ill-posedness and the impact of measurement and modeling uncertainties. The approach’s effectiveness is substantiated through a numerical investigation of a Bailey truss bridge model exposed to operating loads and an experiment with a steel beam equipped with an array of fiber Bragg grating sensors. The results demonstrate that using the proposed damage diagnosis approach enables accurately locating and quantifying element-level damages, even when significant modeling errors or a lack of baseline features exist.

Influence of dynamic strain aging on low-cycle fatigue behavior in nano-sized κ-carbide strengthened FeMnAlC lightweight steel

The effects of dynamic strain aging (DSA) on the cyclic response and deformation behavior of a hot rolled Fe–22Mn–8Al–0.9C–0.02Nb (wt.%) lightweight steel have been investigated during strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests at the temperature range of 25–400 °C. The initial microstructure consisted of a complete γ-matrix with nano-sized κ-carbides. During LCF testing, the cyclic stress amplitude displayed a monotonous softening until fracture at 25 °C, 100 °C, and 400 °C in all the investigated strain ranges (Δεt) of 0.8–2.2 %. However, at 200 °C and 300 °C, cyclic softening was followed by pronounced cyclic hardening. Notably, hysteresis loops at the cycle of half-life exhibited serrations in the flow stress at 200 °C and 300 °C. This indicated that cyclic hardening was attributed to the DSA phenomenon, which was confirmed by a negative strain rate sensitivity at 200 °C and 300 °C. A significant reduction in LCF life was observed under the DSA regime. During LCF testing, sequential transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation indicated that deformation led to the formation of shear bands in multiple directions. Gliding of wavy dislocations was frequently observed at 200 °C compared to that at 25 °C, which resulted from the dragging effect by carbon solute atoms.

Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of tailings under different consolidation conditions

The dynamic stability of tailing ponds depend largely on the dynamic characteristics of tailings sand. To explore the dynamic characteristics of tailings sand under different consolidation conditions, consolidated undrained triaxial tests under different dry densities, consolidation ratios and containing pressures, the dynamic shear stress, liquefaction stress ratio, dynamic strength index, dynamic pore water pressure, dynamic modulus, and damping ratio of tailings sand under different consolidation conditions were analyzed. The dynamic shear stress linearly changed with the number of failure vibrations. The liquefaction stress ratio increases with an increase in consolidation ratio, conforming to the quadratic polynomial of the origin. With an increase in failure vibration times, the dynamic internal friction angle decreases gradually. Under different failure vibration times, the dynamic internal friction angle increases with an increase in consolidation ratio and dry density. An exponential function model of dynamic pore pressure growth suitable for equal pressure and bias consolidation conditions is proposed, and the fitting effect is favorable. The dynamic shear modulus ratio decreases with an increase in dynamic shear strain; the damping ratio increases with an increase in dynamic shear strain. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for seismic liquefaction of tailings dams in high-intensity seismic areas.

Addressing the inherent stress non-uniformity in dynamic hollow cylinder testing

The Dynamic Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (DHCA) is renowned for its ability to subject soil samples to various cyclic stress paths, allowing for the investigation of the dynamic behavior of soils under complex cyclic loading conditions. This note explores the errors arising from the stress non-uniformity along the height of DHCA samples and examines their impact on the measured soil dynamic properties. After discussing the two globally used DHCA types, this study presents the stiffness and damping of sand derived from a set of Dynamic Hollow Cylinder experiments covering a wide range of dynamic stress paths and shear strain amplitudes. It is highlighted that the deviation of the results from established degradation models is primarily attributed to the errors associated with the stress non-uniformity, leading to up to a tenfold underestimation within the medium strain range. A simple correction to the shear stress amplitude calculation is proposed to minimize the impact of stress non-uniformity and improve the accuracy of the test results.

Non-monotonic plasticity and fracture in DP1000: Stress-state, strain-rate and temperature influence

Recent studies revealed a complex, non-monotonic relationship between flow stress, and temperature and strain rate for ultra-fine-grained DP1000 steel, including unexpected drops in ductility. Consequently, a comprehensive investigation into the interrelated effects of temperature, strain rate, and stress state on the plasticity and fracture behaviour of DP1000 steel is undertaken. To this purpose, eight purpose-designed specimen geometries, including a shear, a dogbone, a central hole, and various notched samples, are tested at strain rates covering 7 orders of magnitude from the quasi-static over the intermediate to the dynamic regime and in a temperature range from -40 to 400 °C. The experimental design thereby provides 336 unique combinations of stress state, strain rate and temperature. The study reveals phenomena typically associated with dynamic strain aging (DSA), such as flow stress serrations, negative strain rate sensitivity, thermal hardening, and embrittlement. As a result, the present study provides a comprehensive overview of the plastic, damage, and fracture behaviour of DP1000 steel. It also offers unique insights into the influence of external loading conditions on DSA. Increasing strain rates and decreasing temperatures suppressed DSA and its effects. However, a novel and important finding is that the impact of stress state on DSA and, consequently, on the behaviour of DP1000 steel cannot be solely explained by stress triaxiality and Lode angle. Lower stress triaxialities and Lode angle parameters amplify the occurrence and severity of DSA manifestations. However, non-proportional stress states, high-stress gradients and relatively low maximum in-plane shear stresses are also identified as contributing factors.