Dynamic Sector Research Articles

How to avoid unjust energy transitions: insights from the Ruhr region

Abstract Background The transition of the Ruhr region in Germany from a hard coal belt into a knowledge-based economy with a dynamic service sector and state of the art universities over the past 60–80 years has been widely touted as a successful example of how just and fair low carbon energy transitions can unfold. Methods This paper leverages documentary analysis of data across a wide array of sources to test these claims and identify lessons by creating a novel just energy transition framework. Results The study finds economic motivation, mindset and reorientation—not environmental concerns—to be the defining features for at least the first two decades of this shift. The lack of willingness to acknowledge environmental impacts and market realities has delayed the transition and led to wasteful allocation of resources towards supporting the hard coal mining industry. The prominence given to distributional justice cushions the victims of this transition financially, but does not allow a broad based coalition to advance the transition process. It is in the second phase (mid-1980s onwards that we see procedural aspects of justice come forth and support greater ownership and sustainability of the transition to emerge, while the evidence of recognition justice continues to be scant. Conclusions There are many nuanced successes in the Ruhr’s example, along with some failures worth highlighting. It is in the breakdown of this transition into two distinct phases and their nuances (particularly in the domain of justice) that fresh insights emerge and allow for a better understanding of what constitutes a suitable energy transition in a particular socio-economic and political context. As the international community embarks on ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets, it can maximise the benefits and minimise the damages and costs by considering these realities on the ground.

A field programmable gate array-based timing and control system for the dynamic compression sector.

A field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based timing and trigger control system has been developed for the Dynamic Compression Sector (DCS) user facility located at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory. The DCS is a first-of-its-kind capability dedicated to dynamic compression science. All components of the DCS laser shock station-x-ray choppers, single-shot shutter, internal laser triggers, and shot diagnostics-must be synchronized with respect to the arrival of x rays in the hutch. An FPGA synchronized to the APS storage ring radio frequency clock (352 MHz) generates trigger signals for each stage of the laser and x-ray shutter system with low jitter. The developed FPGA-based control system was the first system used to control the laser and the shutter system since its commissioning, and it has been developing since then to improve the timing jitter. The system is composed of a Zynq FPGA, a debug card, line drivers, and a power supply. The delay and offsets of the trigger signals can be adjusted by using a user-friendly graphical user interface with high precision. The details of the system architecture, timing requirements, firmware, and software implementation along with the performance evaluation are presented in this paper. The system offers low timing jitter (15.5 ps rms) with respect to the APS 352 MHz clock, suitable for the 100 ps (FWHM) x-ray bunch duration at the APS.

Digital Marketing Practices Adoption in Micro, Small and Medium Businesses for Inclusive Growth

After China, India has the world’s largest MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises). According to government estimates, the country has roughly 63.05 million small enterprises, 0.33 million small businesses, and around 5,000 major businesses. The Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector of the Indian economy is a vibrant and dynamic sector. It adds to the country’s economic and social development. MSMEs, second only to farming, encourage enterprise and create the most job vacancies at a relatively cheap capital cost. MSMEs now operate in almost every key sector of the Indian economy, including food processing, textiles and apparel, agricultural data sources, leather and cowhide stuff, sports merchandise, plastic items, electro- restorative equipment, and computer software, to name a few. With their devo- tion to modern yield, fares, business, and creation for the Indian and global markets, SMEs play a critical role in the Indian economy. The focus of this study is on existing advertising mediums for SMEs in the administration’s area, as well as the scope of internet marketing. With the passage of time, internet media has grown in importance in marketing, and it may be the ideal vehicle for SMEs to achieve success in marketing.

THE LEVEL OF TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE TURKESTAN REGION

"Turkestan has been a trade center since ancient times, Ordo yntymak. Therefore, the transformation of Turkestan into a regional center is certainly one of the most mobile solutions of the Elbasy. Since this year, the value of the city on the Great Silk Road has been increasing. Turkestan region has a high tourism potential. A particularly priority area of the tourism cluster is a favorable transport infrastructure. The center of the region is the city of Turkestan – the golden nest of historical tourism. At the very beginning of the city, entertainment centers, modern hotels, cultural and historical centers, a drama theater, restaurants, celebration houses, a water park, spot recreation facilities, markets and supermarkets have been completely built for guests and residents of the city. There are places where tourists can provide a full range of quality services. The novelty of the article is that the city of Turkestan, which has long been considered spiritual Astana, is developing in a tourist cluster and receives millions of tourists a year. Tourism is one of the most dynamic sectors of Kazakhstan’s economy. Each region of Kazakhstan is a hotbed of a tourism cluster. The region located in the center of Eurasia, which became the Darkhan steppe of the Great Silk Road, a city was built from ancient times, cultural centers were built. Majestic rivers-lakes and massifs of rocks, forests and deserts testified to historical epochs. "

Tourism Development During the Pandemic of Coronavirus (COVID-19): Evidence From Iran.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic has created a great deal of fear and uncertainty about health, economy, and social life. Therefore, the health, social, and economic impacts of COVID-19 are of great importance. In prone rural communities, tourism industry can contribute to the sustainable economy and social development of the villagers, and as a dynamic economic sector, cause economic, social, cultural, and environmental changes. In this regard, the purpose of this inquiry was to develop tourism during the coronavirus pandemic using the social exchange theory (SET). The present study is a descriptive, correlational and causal inquiry that is conducted using survey technique. The statistical population included tourists visiting Sistan region around Hamoun Wetland in eastern Iran (N = 850). In the sampling process, 266 tourists were selected as a sample using random sampling strategy. The study instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by a panel of subjectivists and its reliability was approved by a pilot study and Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.87≥ α ≥ 0.71). Based on SET, the proposed causal model was able to explain about 56% ( = 0.562) of the variance changes in tourism development during the COVID-19 epidemic.

The Economics of Agribusiness in Developing Countries: Areas of Opportunities for a New Development Paradigm in the Soybean Supply Chain in Brazil

By understanding the economics of agribusiness, an important economic sector for developing countries, this article explores possibilities for a new development paradigm based on areas of opportunities created for local entrepreneurs. Based on a detailed study of the soybean market chain in Brazil, this paper illustrates that the current neoliberal economic approach has resulted in a business which is dependent on foreign multinationals. While foreign companies hold 60% of the soybean market share, Brazilian groups hold only 40% of the entire business, with the domestic market share concentrated in land (13.3%) and labor (14.3%). But the expansion of foreign investments in agribusiness in the country offers opportunities occupied by Brazilian companies, characterizing a situation of associated dependent development. Currently, 12.4% of the share held by Brazilian companies belongs to capital and technology intensive segments such as seed production (2.4%), fertilizers (4.8%), agrochemicals (0.6%), machinery (0.3%), and agro-industry trade (4.3%). The increase in the participation of Brazilian groups in agribusiness requires agricultural policies that can be inspired by a new development paradigm. Opportunities created by foreign investments can be used by domestic groups to increase their share in agro-industrial sectors. Lessons from the Brazilian case can help other developing countries to explore areas of opportunities for domestic investments in dynamic economic sectors such as agribusiness.

ECONOMICS OF TOURISM INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

The authors of the study analyzed the current state and prospects of development of the tourism industry in Ukraine and the world. The authors note that in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation Ukraine suffers significant economic, financial and social losses. According to many experts, Ukraine’s economy expects a significant reduction (approximately 30-45%) of GDP. In addition, due to the significant level of globalization of the international economy and the close economic interconnections of economic systems of national economies, there will be a significant decline (decline) in economic development not only in Eastern Europe but in the world as a whole. Thus, today the issues of directions of economic recovery of Ukraine’s economic potential, as well as the place and role of the tourism industry in the postwar recovery of the domestic economy are becoming increasingly important in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to develop guidelines for the systematization of risk factors for domestic tourism, as well as to determine the directions and vectors of the restoration of the tourism business in Ukraine in the postwar period. The authors of the study noted that according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), tourism is one of the most dynamic sectors of global exports in the world. The average annual growth rate of the global tourism industry averaged about 5% per year. By 2022, tourism provided up to 10% of gross world income and every tenth job in the world is directly or indirectly generated by tourism. However, the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has destroyed the economy of the tourism sector, leading to unprecedented consequences for jobs and businesses. The current crisis has also revealed some shortcomings in the management and readiness of the industry, as well as in the ability to respond to current challenges and threats. Restoring the confidence of tourists and participants in the tourism chain, stimulating demand and accelerating the resumption of tourism urgently requires political action at the national and international levels, as well as improved coordination. The crisis is an opportunity to rethink the development of tourism. Recovery should include transforming the sector, changing tourism destinations, transforming the tourism ecosystem, bringing innovation and investing in sustainable tourism. The authors have formed measures to restore the tourism sector in the world. The study analyzes domestic trends in the development of the domestic industry in the prewar period, identified new trends in the geography of foreign tourists, as well as summarizes the directions of recovery of the domestic tourism sector.

Brazil’s Agribusiness Economic Miracle: Exploring Food Supply Chain Transformations for Promoting Win–Win Investments

Background: For many developing countries, agribusiness has become one of the main economic sectors, with the capacity to mobilize domestic and foreign investments. Despite the potential for development in countries like Brazil, the results of these investments in supply chains have not yet been systematically assessed. Methods: This study analyses foreign and domestic investments as an explanation for the recent growth of Brazilian agribusiness and evaluates the implications of different investment arrangements for the future development of the sector in the country. The research was based on a literature review of 12 agribusiness supply chains in Brazil. Results: Through a content analysis, the results reveal win–win situations with foreign and domestic investments supporting the streamlining of supply chains, mutually benefiting domestic and international groups and increasing the productivity of the entire sector. However, the results also reveal win–lose cases with chains and segments practically controlled by foreign multinationals in which local groups have practically no share. Finally, there are also cases of lose–win in which groups subsidized by the state are privileged in relation to others, compromising the sector’s growth. Conclusions: The current liberal business environment results in the need for a new vision of development based on win–win opportunities for domestic and foreign investments created by dynamic sectors such as agribusiness.

Customer Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Industry. A Data Analysis Techniques Approach

Telecommunications is one of the most dynamic sectors in the market, where the customer base is an important pawn in receive safe revenues, so is important to focus attention is paid to maintaining them with an active status. Migrating customers from one network to another varies among telecommunication companies depending on different factors such as call quality, pricing plan, minute consumption, data, sms facilities, customer billing issues, etc. Determining an effective predictive model helps detect early warning signals when churn occurs and assigns to each customer a score called “churn score” that indicates the likelihood that the individual might migrate to another network over a predefined time period. To this extent, the present paper uses more than 10k customers sample of a telecommunication company and tries to analyse the churn behavior. The aim of the paper is both to test the efficiency and performance of the most commonly used data mining techniques to predict the churn behavior and to underline the main indicators that can be used when conducting such analyses. Knowing the magnitude of the churn phenomenon, the company can prevent the instability that is going to occur by applying a series of measure in order to increase the retention of the current customers.

A Round Trip to the Stars?: Considerations for the Regulation of Space Tourism

The prospects for space tourism activities were first mooted in the early 1980s with the launch of the Space Shuttle, which opened a new era of space flight. In the new millennium, space tourism continued its rise from possibility to reality with momentum towards a future dynamic commercial market sector propelled in 2021 with the launch of diverse missions by Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin and SpaceX. These three pioneering companies are continually developing and refining technology to potentially give many tourists their moment in space. The private sector is largely contributing to the development of the relevant space science, funded by private and public investments for space exploration missions. These developments raise complex and novel legal and regulatory issues that are not directly addressed in the five United Nations Space Treaties, even as space tourism are to be considered a lawful use of space. In this article we explore several significant legal issues relevant for space tourism activities including the delimitation of outer space, requirements for authorization, questions of liability, the status of ‘space flight participants’, the duty to rescue tourists and the protection of the space environment. space tourism, space activities, regulation, international space law, national law

One hundred years of African swine fever in Africa: Where have we been, where are we now, where are we going?

One hundred years have passed since the first paper on African swine fever (ASF) was published by Montgomery in 1921. With no vaccine, ineffectiveness of prevention and control measures and lack of common interest in eradicating the disease, ASF has proven to be one of the most devastating diseases because of its significant sanitary and socioeconomic consequences. The rapid spread of the disease on the European and Asian continents and its recent appearance in the Caribbean puts all countries at great risk because of global trade. The incidence of ASF has also increased on the African continent over the last few decades, extending its distribution far beyond the area in which the ancient sylvatic cycle is present with its complex epidemiological transmission pathways involving virus reservoirs in ticks and wild African Suidae. Both in that area and elsewhere, efficient transmission by infected domestic pigs and virus resistance in infected animal products and fomites mean that human driven factors along the pig value chain are the dominant impediments for its prevention, control and eradication. Control efforts in Africa are furthermore hampered by the lack of information about the size and location of the fast-growing pig population, particularly in the dynamic smallholder sector that constitutes up to 90% of pig production in the region. A vaccine that will be both affordable and effective against multiple genotypes of the virus is not a short-term reality. Therefore, a strategy for management of ASF in sub-Saharan Africa is needed to provide a roadmap for the way forward for the continent. This review explores the progression of ASF and our knowledge of it through research over a century in Africa, our current understanding of ASF and what must be done going forward to improve the African situation and contribute to global prevention and control.

Observations on the deformation of metal microspheres in shock-driven polymer flows

Solid particles can be fragmented by a fast-moving fluid if their velocity difference is great enough, such as during the atmospheric entry of meteoroids or the shock compression of engineered particulate composites. The extent of particle deformation and breakup in such systems is poorly understood because the necessary extreme conditions make observation difficult and data scarce. To meet this need, experiments combining ultrafast synchrotron-based radiography with plate impact loading were performed at the dynamic compression sector at the advanced photon source. Metal microspheres of several densities and strengths (Au, Ta, and W) were placed inside a polymer matrix. A planar shock wave was then produced in the polymer by the impact of a gun-launched flyer plate. X-ray images of the resulting flow were collected at ∼150 ns intervals. These images document the progression of particle deformation across a range of flow conditions and particle materials. They show that the extent of deformation is sensitive to the ratio of drag stress to particle strength. The deforming particle's shape is determined by the initial shock–particle interaction, fluid stagnation pressure, and vorticity, each acting on its own timescale. A set of scaling relationships is presented to capture these observations and enable comparison with prior hydrodynamic data. The result is a framework for predicting the conditions under which strong particles are severely deformed by a shock-driven flow.

Dynamic sector characterisation model with the application of machine learning techniques

The ATC service has the objective of controlling airspace operations safely and efficiently. This control is becoming more and more difficult due to the increasing complexity of airspace. With the objective of collaborating and facilitating the provision of the control service, FLUJOS project aims to develop a methodology to characterise ATC sectors according to their complexity. This paper shows the first results obtained in this project. A methodology is proposed that first performs a statistical analysis of the data present in the flight plans of individual aircraft. The statistical analysis will be used to estimate the impact of air traffic flows. With this, the complexity of ATC sectors will finally be determined. In addition, a machine learning tool will be added to develop a dynamic methodology. After evaluating the methodology with data from Spanish airspace in 2019, it can be said that the results obtained are logical from an operational point of view, and that they allow a fairly accurate classification of the sectors based on their complexity. However, the proposed methodology is still a preliminary version, so more work will have to be done to add variables to achieve the objective of obtaining an even more accurate and realistic classification.

A Strategy to Strengthen and Enhance the Telecommunication Network in Sri Lanka by Using Concepts of Graph Theory and Linear Programming Models

The telecommunication sector in Sri Lanka is one of the most dynamic sectors, contributing significantly, both directly and indirectly, to investment, employment, productivity, and overall economic growth. According to the transformation of the telecommunication network of Sri Lanka, this study proposes a structure to increase the average upload and download speeds by using some concepts in pure Mathematics. The research design has aligned into two categories as interpretation and optimization. They established by using the concept of Graph Theory and linear programming models respective. We forecast the public switched telephone network (PSTN) model for the local network. Then we ranked carrier systems of Sri Lanka according to their services without violating privacy. Next, we created the minimum traffic flow, local model, based on the traffic flows. Then we proposed cable systems around Sri Lanka. After that, we calculated the required signal towers for the uniform coverage by considering the population density. Linear programming models had generated to optimize the traffic flows. We could obtain six hundred twenty-five linear programming models due to different coefficients in each case. So, we have separated those models into three sectors: low, moderate, and high. Three examples had discussed by considering them. The solutions had evaluated by using the PHP Simplex calculator.

Imperatives for the development of the tourist sphere in Ukraine under the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. Providing one tenth of the world's gross national product, tourism, despite the obstacles, is fully recognized as one of the most profitable and dynamic sectors of the economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has gained enormous proportions and affected the tourism industry in a way that no crisis has affected before, causing significant problems for the development of the world and national economies in particular. The purpose of the study is to analyze trends in tourism in Ukraine and the world in the COVID-19 pandemic, identify promising areas of development and systematize measures implemented by Ukraine and other countries to stimulate and support the tourism industry. Results. The percentage change in international tourist arrivals by region in 2020 has been studied. It has been established that the global tourism industry has suffered losses from the pandemic of about $ 22 billion, or more than 20 billion euros. At the same time, the losses of the tourism industry in Ukraine are estimated as more than 1.5 billion US dollars in 2020. The World Tourism Organization has developed its own recommendations for mitigating the socio-economic impact of the pandemic on tourism in different countries. The state of tourism development in Ukraine in the period 2019-2021 and the beginning of 2022 is studied. Measures of Ukraine in the legal aspect aimed at minimizing the negative impact of quarantine restrictions on all spheres of socio-economic activity are substantiated. The stages of tourism development in Ukraine in the context of overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic are identified. Conclusions. It has been established that one of the industries that has suffered the most and suffered significant financial and economic consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic is the tourism industry. Today, the tourism industry is undergoing major transformations, requiring a qualitative and thorough analysis of the factors influencing demand in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Countries are beginning to refocus on stimulating the development of domestic tourism, promoting the accelerated introduction of online forms and digital tools in the provision of tourist services. Keywords: tourism, tourism sphere, tourism product (service), tourism market, foreign and domestic tourism, COVID-19 pandemic, tourism crisis, quarantine restrictions.

Tobacco industry in Mexico: a general equilibrium analysis

ObjectiveEffects of tobacco taxation on employment in Mexico are measured by using an applied general equilibrium model.MethodsThe study describes the modelling methodology based on a 2013 social accounting matrix for...

How profitable is it to apply Industry 4.0 solutions in blister factories?

Even though Industry 4.0 has entered another decade, this topic is still stirring interest, being implemented in more and more sectors of the economy. Therefore, it is not surprising that solutions based on Industry 4.0 are implemented in such a dynamic sector as pharmaceutics. But is it profitable and if yes, therefore to what extent? This brief paper tries to answer such question. The paper presents a conceptual model of transformation a traditional (classic) pharmaceutical factory into a smart one (with application of Industry 4.0 solutions). The proposed solutions allow to reduce production costs while increasing its efficiency thanks to robots, IoT solutions, sensors and RFID technology.

Assessing competitiveness relations as a strategy between flour milling manufacturing firms: Evidence from Greece

The flour milling industry in Greece is one of the most dynamic sectors not only for Greek manufacturing but also for the whole Greek economy contributing at a high percentage in different economic indexes like value-added, turnover, and number of employees. On the other hand, the notion of competitiveness and its estimation is crucial for all firms because it determines at a high level the strategy which the firms may select to follow (Chikán, Czakó, Kiss-Dobronyi, & Losonci, 2022). For these reasons as well as the fact that no other studies for the specific sector in Greece have been met in the literature the current study holds a special interest both for academics and policymakers. The competitiveness can be estimated either with Porter’s methodology or with the use of financial indexes (Fischer & Schornberg, 2007). In this paper, the second way is selected and the most used financial indexes are calculated for the two biggest in terms of market share flour milling manufacturing firms in Greece. A comparison between these firms as a case study takes place using a combination of the financial indexes for each one of them constituting the main authors’ contribution by depicturing problems and current situation from this sector, while the use of econometric models may be the next step for the methodology of similar future research. In the end, the conclusions and the discussion accompanied by the proposals for future research close the current manuscript.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ДЕРИВАТИВІВ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТУ УПРАВЛІННЯ РИЗИКАМИ В ГЛОБАЛІЗОВАНОМУ СВІТІ

The article examines the role of derivatives in today’s globalized world as a key tool for managing various risks. The authors consider in detail the main characteristics of derivatives, their advantages for investors and potential risks. Particular attention is paid to the impact of derivatives on portfolio diversification, market liquidity and asset pricing. The article also emphasizes the importance of regulating the derivatives market to ensure its stability and protect investors. The need for a deep understanding of derivatives and a strategic approach to their use in the conditions of constant evolution of global financial markets is emphasized. Practical aspects of the use of derivatives in various economic situations are considered, including speculation, arbitrage and portfolio diversification strategies. The authors analyze how derivatives can be used to maximize profits, reduce potential losses and optimize capital investments. Potential dangers and challenges associated with improper use of derivatives are identified, as well as recommendations for their effective use. Special emphasis is placed on the need for constant enlightenment and training for financial professionals so that they can adequately respond to market changes and use derivatives in accordance with their investment goals. Despite their complexity and potential risks, derivatives remain one of the most powerful tools in the hands of financial professionals that, when used correctly, can bring significant benefits to both individual investors and the global economic environment. An important aspect that is also considered is ethical issues and social responsibility in the context of the use of derivatives. Given the potential impact of derivatives on the global economy, it is important to understand their impact on social stability and well-being. The conclusion emphasizes that although derivatives are a powerful tool, they require a responsible approach and deep understanding. Investors, traders and financial institutions should be alert, educated and ready to adapt quickly to changes in this dynamic financial sector.

Unapređenje konkurentnosti ekonomije Republike Srbije kroz reforme obrazovanja

By using the causal analyses to examine correlation between the competitiveness level of the country and reforms in the field of education, this research aims to foresee possible educational reforms that would lead to greater competitiveness of the economy of the Republic of Serbia. The analysis presents how the competitiveness of a country can be measured, examines whether education is one of the indicators of competitiveness, evaluates competitiveness of the Serbian economy and reviews current state in all the relevant indicators in the field of education and all relevant reforms. This research uses the mix methodological approach and existing data from Global Competitiveness Index and one of its pillars dealing with human capital - Pillar 6 in order to foresee the educational reforms needed for Serbian economy to be more competitive. Results show that the quality of the human capital is one of the basic factors of competitiveness and that only quality education can lead to the rapid development of the Serbian economy and enhancement of its competitiveness. Research concludes that there is a great necessity in the Republic of Serbia for further reforms and investments in the education, especially in education of teaching staff and an innovative teaching programmes and curriculum for the most dynamic economy sectors, like ICT, trade, transport, tourism and financial services.