Dynamic Quality Of Service Research Articles

An Optimization Framework for QoS-Enabled Adaptive Video Streaming Over OpenFlow Networks

OpenFlow is a programmable network protocol and associated hardware designed to effectively manage and direct traffic by decoupling control and forwarding layers of routing. This paper presents an analytical framework for optimization of forwarding decisions at the control layer to enable dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) over OpenFlow networks and discusses application of this framework to QoS-enabled streaming of scalable encoded videos with two QoS levels. We pose and solve optimization of dynamic QoS routing as a constrained shortest path problem, where we treat the base layer of scalable encoded video as a level-1 QoS flow, while the enhancement layers can be treated as level-2 QoS or best-effort flows. We provide experimental results which show that the proposed dynamic QoS framework achieves significant improvement in overall quality of streaming of scalable encoded videos under various coding configurations and network congestion scenarios.

Transmission Power Control for Opportunistic QoS Provision in Wireless Networks

This paper proposes an automatic control framework to address the problem of distributed and opportunistic transmission power control in wireless communication networks. The proposed framework allows high flexibility on the quality of service (QoS) provision by exploiting the link quality variation. It associates a standard target tracking algorithm with a dynamic target QoS determined by a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller that induces an opportunistic behavior. Strict QoS requirements can also be fulfilled by choosing appropriately the weighting parameters of the LQR synthesis. To prevent performance degradation due to measurement uncertainties, robust solutions are developed. The proposed mixed H2/H∞ distributed power control combines the optimal H2 control and the robust H∞ control to obtain trade-off solutions. All developed algorithms present low computational complexity, and the mixed H2/H∞ distributed power control can operate as the pure H2 control if the robust constraint is relaxed according to the choice of a single parameter. The performance of proposed algorithms is assessed through computer simulations.

Dynamic QoS Optimization Architecture for Cloud-based DDDAS

An emerging class of Dynamic Data Driven application systems heavily depends on cloud and Big Data. We refer to this class of DDDAS as cloud-based DDDAS. Despite the growing interest in marrying DDDAS with the cloud, there is a general lack for architectural frameworks explicating the cloud requirements, which can support cloud-based DDDAS. Given the unpredictable, dynamic and on-demand nature of the cloud, cloud-based DDDAS requires novel approaches for dynamic Quality of Service (QoS) optimization. This is important for providing timely and reliable predictions and for ensuring higher dependability in the solution, as it would be unrealistic to assume that optimal QoS can be achieved at design time. We propose a decentralized architectural style for cloud-based DDDAS, where dynamic QoS optimization is in the heart of the symbiotic adaptation. The architecture leverages on the classical DDDAS primitives to reach a refined decentralized style suited for the dynamic requirements of the cloud. We formulate the QoS optimization problem as a dynamic multi-objective optimization problem. We use a scenario to exemplify and evaluate the effectiveness of the style.

Dynamic QoS management for chip multiprocessors

With the continuing scaling of semiconductor technologies, chip multiprocessor (CMP) has become the de facto design for modern high performance computer architectures. It is expected that more and more applications with diverse requirements will run simultaneously on the CMP platform. However, this will exert contention on shared resources such as the last level cache, network-on-chip bandwidth and off-chip memory bandwidth, thus affecting the performance and quality-of-service (QoS) significantly. In this environment, efficient resource sharing and a guarantee of a certain level of performance is highly desirable. Researchers have proposed different frameworks for providing QoS. Most of these frameworks focus on individual resource for QoS management. Coordinated management of multiple QoS-aware shared resources at runtime remains an open problem. Recently, there has been work that proposed a class-of-serviced based framework to jointly managing cache, NoC and memory resources simultaneously. However, the work allocates shared resources statically at the beginning of application runtime, and do not dynamically track, manage and share shared resources across applications. In this article, we address this limitation by proposing dynamic resource management policies that monitor the resource usage of applications at runtime, then steals resources from the high-priority applications for lower-priority ones. The goal is to maintain the targeted level of performance for high-priority applications while improving the performance of lower-priority applications. We use a PI (Proportional-Integral gain) feedback controller based technique to maintain stability in our framework. Our evaluation results show that our policy can improve performance for lower-priority applications significantly while maintaining the performance for high-priority application, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of our dynamic QoS resource management policy.

A dynamic QoS provisioning call admission control in cellular mobile using fuzzy logic

Call Admission Control (CAC) is a fundamental mechanism used for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in cellular mobile networks. An effective CAC scheme needs to be adaptive to the changing traffic patterns and thus dynamic approach is preferred. Unlike the conventional CAC schemes, the present paper proposes a scheme that does not use complicated analytical models. Instead it is based on the fuzzy logic control and supports heterogeneous traffic applications like voice, data, etc. In the proposed mechanism, the amount of guard channels to reserve are controlled dynamically on the basis of varying network parameters like call dropping probability, network load, etc. and also takes into account of diverse classes of traffic applications. Analysis showed that the proposed fuzzy logic-based mechanism demonstrated better performance compared to the fixed channel reservation scheme. The results also revealed that fuzzy logic-based CAC mechanism achieved higher channel utilisation while maintaining the required QoS for different classes of applications.

An Auction-Based Pareto-Optimal Strategy for Dynamic and Fair Allotment of Resources in Wireless Mobile Networks

Ongoing advances in sophisticated mobile computing technologies and wireless communications have propelled substantial research work toward designing and implementing a new breed of mobile communications systems. One of the fundamental design objectives of such systems is to ensure complete roaming ability for the mobile users. In addition, upon handoff events, the mobile users also require to be able to perform renegotiations pertaining to their required quality-of-service (QoS) requirements with the concerned system. In this paper, we envision a fair and dynamic auction-based QoS negotiation scheme to deal with this issue. The envisioned scheme provides the mobile users with the flexibility to dynamically negotiate or renegotiate their preferred service levels with the corresponding service provider. The proposed technique has three crucial design objectives: First, it ensures a high level of fairness among the competing mobile users (each with a specific budget). Second, it ensures efficient utilization of the available network resources. Finally, its auction-based mechanism aims at maximizing the revenue of the service provider. A mathematical analysis is provided to demonstrate that, when the three design goals are taken into account, the resource allocation function that the proposed scheme provides represents a Pareto-optimal solution. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is also verified through extensive simulations.

Quantifying QoS benefits in the aggregation network for internet video services

As consumers enjoy new streaming media services from the Internet, network providers are being left with the bill for managing the traffic load that is growing at an explosive rate. For network providers, increasing the network capacity will be necessary, but it is often misleading to think that capacity increase alone can help deliver these new services cost effectively. Internet video and online gaming services can create revenue opportunities, but quality of service (QoS) assurance becomes an important requirement for offering these services with a service level agreement (SLA) commitment to both business partners and residential subscribers. In this paper, we first explain the network optimization challenges faced in the aggregation network related to the Internet-based service delivery scenarios, and then we describe our traffic model that quantitatively demonstrates the value of implementing dynamic QoS and deep packet inspection to enable new service offers and reduce capital expenditure in network capacity expansion.

Context-Aware Vertical Handover Management Architecture with QoS Provision in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Handover management with Quality of Service (QoS) provision is the major challenge for the seamless mobility across heterogeneous wireless networks. In this paper, we propose the context-aware vertical handoff (VHO) management architecture with QoS provision, based on the extension of IEEE 802.21. In this proposed architecture, context information is collection from all layers of the protocol stack both mobile node side and network side as most as possible. Context-aware Adaptive Analytic Hierarchy Process Method (CAAHP) method is chosen to identify the most suitable network for the optimization of handover decision mechanism. For QoS provision, QoS Management Module is carefully designed to provide the various functionalities, especially, Dynamic QoS negotiation mechanism and Dynamic QoS Mapping mechanism to provide the QoS service continuity and adaptation. Finally, the Mobile-initiated Handover scheme integrating with our proposed architecture is detailedly illustrated through the messages and procedures.

Dynamic QoS Management and Optimization in Service-Based Systems

Service-based systems that are dynamically composed at runtime to provide complex, adaptive functionality are currently one of the main development paradigms in software engineering. However, the Quality of Service (QoS) delivered by these systems remains an important concern, and needs to be managed in an equally adaptive and predictable way. To address this need, we introduce a novel, tool-supported framework for the development of adaptive service-based systems called QoSMOS (QoS Management and Optimization of Service-based systems). QoSMOS can be used to develop service-based systems that achieve their QoS requirements through dynamically adapting to changes in the system state, environment, and workload. QoSMOS service-based systems translate high-level QoS requirements specified by their administrators into probabilistic temporal logic formulae, which are then formally and automatically analyzed to identify and enforce optimal system configurations. The QoSMOS self-adaptation mechanism can handle reliability and performance-related QoS requirements, and can be integrated into newly developed solutions or legacy systems. The effectiveness and scalability of the approach are validated using simulations and a set of experiments based on an implementation of an adaptive service-based system for remote medical assistance.

Local martingale difference approach for service selection with dynamic QoS

Users in Service-oriented architecture (SOA) seek the best Quality of service (QoS) by service selection from the candidates responding in succession. In case the QoS changes dynamically, choosing one service and stop the searching is problematic for a service user who makes the choice online. Lack of accurate knowledge of service distribution, the user is unable to make a good decision. The Local Martingale Difference (LMD) approach is developed in this paper to help users to achieve optimal results, in the sense of probability. The stopping time is proved to be bounded to ensure the existence of an optimal solution first. Then, a global estimation over the time horizon is transformed to a local determination based on current martingale difference to make the algorithm feasible. Independent of any predetermined threshold or manual intervention, LMD enables users to stop around the optimal time, based on the information collected during the stochastic process. Verified to be efficient by comparison with three traditional methods, LMD is adaptable in vast applications with dynamic QoS.

Study on the Dynamic QoS Provisioning Scheme for U-Healthcare over WMSAN

The design of wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks (WMSAN) support emerging information-intensive data such as video and audio streams, images, and scalar sensor data by controlling individual data flows to increase or decrease their bandwidth in response to changes in traffic workload. Potential applications include u-healthcare which is the most exciting technologies today for improving public health condition. This paper presents a dynamic scheme for quality of service (QoS) provisioning for u-healthcare to optimize the network traffic load subject to multiple QoS constraints. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme for wireless multimedia sensor and actor networks.

A self-adjustment QoS architecture for wireless sensor networks

An architecture featured in quality of service (QoS) online self-adjusted measurement and control for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed in this paper. Unlike traditional end to end (E2E) QoS definition, many new characteristics are presented in WSN, especially data-centric and application driven. Based on exploration of WSN QoS definition and typical traffic model, we design a dynamic QoS guarantees platform, which achieves online protocol self-adjustment to get optimization performance. The architecture is verified by a practical system designed for environment monitoring.

Third party application control on quality of service in IP based multimedia networks

The paper investigates the capabilities for open access to resource management in convergent networks. Based on the analysis of policy and charging control functions in Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), requirements for third party application control on quality of service (QoS) are identified. The functionality of Open Service Access (OSA) and Parlay X interfaces is evaluated for support of dynamic QoS control. An approach to design of OSA compliant application programming interfaces to QoS management in IMS networks is presented. The interface methods are mapped onto the messages of network control protocols such as Diameter and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The application view of authorized QoS resources for SIP session is modeled. Implementation issues concerning behavioral equivalence of the authorized QoS resources model and SIP session state model are discussed.

Open Access to Control on Quality of Service in Convergent Networks

This paper investigates the capabilities for open access to quality of service management in convergent networks. Based on the analysis of requirements for policy and charging control in Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), functions for quality of service (QoS) management and charging that are available for third party applications are identified. The functionality of Open Service Access (OSA) and Parlay X interfaces is evaluated for support of dynamic QoS control, while an approach to development of OSA compliant application programming interfaces for QoS management in IMS networks is presented. The interface’s methods are mapped onto the messages of network control protocols such as Diameter and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). Finally, aspects of interface implementation are discussed including behavior equivalence of state machines.

Genetic algorithms with immigrants schemes for dynamic multicast problems in mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, the problem of dynamic quality-of-service (QoS) multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks is investigated. Lots of interesting works have been done on multicast since it is proved to be a NP-hard problem. However, most of them consider the static network scenarios only and the multicast tree cannot adapt to the topological changes. With the advancement in communication technologies, more and more wireless mobile networks appear, e.g., mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). In a MANET, the network topology keeps changing due to its inherent characteristics such as the node mobility and energy conservation. Therefore, an effective multicast algorithm should track the topological changes and adapt the best multicast tree to the changes accordingly. In this paper, we propose to use genetic algorithms with immigrants schemes to solve the dynamic QoS multicast problem in MANETs. MANETs are considered as target systems because they represent a new generation of wireless networks. In the construction of the dynamic network environments, two models are proposed and investigated. One is named as the general dynamics model in which the topologies are changed due to that the nodes are scheduled to sleep or wake up. The other is named as the worst dynamics model, in which the topologies are altered because some links on the current best multicast tree are removed. Extensive experiments are conducted based on both of the dynamic network models. The experimental results show that these immigrants based genetic algorithms can quickly adapt to the environmental changes (i.e., the network topology changes) and produce high quality solutions following each change.

Bandwidth Aggregation-Aware Dynamic QoS Negotiation for Real-Time Video Streaming in Next-Generation Wireless Networks

In next generation wireless networks, Internet service providers (ISPs) are expected to offer services through several wireless technologies (e.g., WLAN, 3G, WiFi, and WiMAX). Thus, mobile computers equipped with multiple interfaces will be able to maintain simultaneous connections with different networks and increase their data communication rates by aggregating the bandwidth available at these networks. To guarantee quality-of-service (QoS) for these applications, this paper proposes a dynamic QoS negotiation scheme that allows users to dynamically negotiate the service levels required for their traffic and to reach them through one or more wireless interfaces. Such bandwidth aggregation (BAG) scheme implies transmission of data belonging to a single application via multiple paths with different characteristics, which may result in an out-of-order delivery of data packets to the receiver and introduce additional delays for packets reordering. The proposed QoS negotiation system aims to ensure the continuity of QoS perceived by mobile users while they are on the move between different access points, and also, a fair use of the network resources. The performance of the proposed dynamic QoS negotiation system is investigated and compared against other schemes. The obtained results demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed scheme as it enhances the scalability of the system and minimizes the reordering delay and the associated packet loss rate.

A terminal‐controlled vertical handover decision scheme in IEEE 802.21‐enabled heterogeneous wireless networks

AbstractThe seamless internetworking among heterogeneous networks is in great demand to provide ‘always‐on’ connectivity services with quality of service (QoS) provision, anywhere at anytime. The integration of wireless‐fidelity (Wi‐Fi) and wireless metropolitan area networks (WiMAX) networks can combine their best features to provide ubiquitous access, while mediating the weakness of both networks. While it is challenging to obtain optimized handover decision‐based dynamic QoS information, users can improve their perceived QoS by using the terminal‐controlled handover decision in a single device equipped with multiple radio interfaces. The IEEE 802.21 aims at providing a framework that defines media‐independent handover (MIH) mechanism that supports seamless handover across heterogeneous networks. In this paper, an multiple attributes decision making‐based terminal‐controlled vertical handover decision scheme using MIH services is proposed in the integrated Wi‐Fi and WiMAX networks to provide ‘always‐on’ connectivity QoS services. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides smaller handover times and lower dropping rate than the RSS‐based and cost function‐based vertical handover schemes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A new QoS-aware TDMA/FDD MAC protocol with multi-beam directional antennas

With the ever-increasing demand for wireless real-time services and continuing emergence of new multimedia applications especially for mobile users, it is necessary for the network to support various levels of quality of service (QoS) while maximizing the utilization of scarce and expensive wireless channel resources. Considering this fact, a new TDMA/FDD MAC protocol integrating a novel QoS management algorithm and multi-beam Directional Antennas (DAs) to efficiently exploit wireless resources has been developed and presented in this paper. It supports all ATM CBR, VBR, ABR and UBR service classes by adopting a well-managed dynamic guarantee-based QoS scheduling algorithm. The work mainly aims at increasing the wireless system throughput as well as improving the call-blocking ratios and end-to-end delays for real-time applications. This seamless communication enables both handling real-time multimedia traffics in a fair manner and granting call requests on the basis of the connection types. The system has been developed, modeled and simulated using OPNET Modeler. The simulation results show that the QoS-aware TDMA/FDD MAC with multi-beam DAs has substantially increased the system throughput and that the call-blocking ratio has been reduced from 86% to 18%, when the proposed MAC with 8-Beam antennas is employed instead of the regular MAC.

A Cross-layer QoS Mapping Framework for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Research in Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning for wireless ad hoc networks is receiving growing interest due to the rising necessity for supporting multimedia applications in such networks. Quality of Service provisioning is a multilayer problem, where the interaction between protocols at different layers is of paramount importance. In this paper, we are looking at the problem of QoS provisioning from the perspective of three layers – application layer, network layer and medium access control (MAC) layer. Our goal is to design a QoS framework which maps QoS parameters across these three layers of the protocol stack, to support a stronger notion of per-class service guarantees in terms of throughput and delay in ad hoc networks. Further, to cope with network dynamics, MAC layer and network layer are made to adapt their behavior based on both dynamic network conditions and QoS requirements of admitted flows. An MAC layer adaptation takes place in terms of dynamic contention window adjustment per class, whereas a network layer adaptation takes place in the form of rerouting or termination of existing flows. We have proposed a detailed QoS mapping scheme with adaptive protocols, using a TCP/IP protocol suite.

Performance analysis of a dynamic QoS scheme in optical label-switched networks

In order to support the fast growing demand for transmission capacity, Optical Label Switching technology (OLS) seems to be a strong candidate because it allows fast switching capability and Quality of Service (QoS) support. One of the main aspects in OLS networks is the development of a QoS scheme that can efficiently handle QoS provision and resource utilization. OLS technology was made to support a static QoS model in which the service differentiation is defined based on the concept of priority. In this paper, we propose a novel QoS model using dynamic performance parameters. Our approach provides dynamic per-hop information of each traffic type in OLS core using two parameters: loss and delay, and redefines the fundamental functionality of an OLS core node including: an enhanced signaling, which handles lightpath establishment, and a novel contention resolution. A theoretical model is developed for evaluating the performance of the proposed model by means of a conservation law and a queuing network model. Finally, the performance of the proposed model is analyzed using simulation.