Dynamic Nexus Research Articles

Examining the dynamic nexus between industry 4.0 technologies and sustainable economy: New insights from empirical evidence using GMM estimator across 20 OECD nations

A new era of smart technologies has emerged, where humans and machines collaborate and work together side by side. The use of advanced technologies will undoubtedly increase, and nations face a difficult mission to maintain a balance between tremendous technological growth and a sustainable development strategy, which primarily encompasses economic growth, social well-being, and environmental considerations. For this reason, the paper explores the effects of Industry 4.0 on the sustainable economy for 20 OECD countries for the period [2011–2021]. To do this, We utilize several variables to represent Industry 4.0 technologies. These include ICT patents, reflecting a high level of interconnectedness; environmental patents, demonstrating the green aspect of Industry 4.0; AI patents, which form the core of digitalization strategies due to their capacity for automation and operational visibility; and high-technology exports, signifying a country's advancement in the technology market. The main findings reveal a positive and significant impact of environmental patents and the number of researchers on economic growth and renewable energy consumption, while ICT patents and AI patents have a negative effect on the employment rate.

Going beyond boundaries: A collaborative autoethnographic study of three teachers’ negotiation of cognitive/emotional dissonances

Teachers undergo various cognitive/emotional dissonances along their professional journeys. These dissonances may provide growth points for teachers to develop further if they receive responsive mediation, which guides them toward the higher levels of professional development. Thus, understanding how these dissonances interact with contexts along the axis of time and place plays an important role in charting teachers’ developmental trajectories and providing relevant mediation for them. Using collaborative autoethnography (CAE), this study delves into the cognitive/emotional dissonances of three teachers at different career stages across various geographic locations, and investigates what institutional, geographical, or socioeconomic factors facilitate or impede their efforts to resolve these dissonances. A thematic analysis of biweekly individual multimodal narratives and meeting transcripts over 16 months revealed three strands of cognitive-emotional dissonances involved in teaching practices, transnational movement, and institutional and socioeconomic precarity. The present inquiry provides three important lessons regarding the ways in which teachers in liminal spaces can receive relevant responsive mediations. First, it is necessary to build a network of teachers that goes beyond their immediate institutional environment. Second, teacher identity development needs to be understood as a dynamic nexus of domain-specific phenomena and a whole person enterprise encompassing multiple sociocultural dimensions along their lifelong journey. Third, CAE itself can be a way of (re)connecting with fellow teachers and function as a safe place for addressing contingent cognitive/emotional dissonances and encouraging mutual growth. This suggests that the mediation-enabling, space-making power of CAE needs to be examined further in various contexts, such as graduate training or professional development programs.

Silver mining monopolies and money relations in the ‘Asian age of the world economy’

The paper argues that Western silver mining monopolies emerged in the Western world in tandem with the Asian age of the world economy. The flow of silver bullion from Western Europe to Asian markets and especially China, was the ‘sustained breadth’ or the macroeconomic condition that mining needed to trigger bundles of money relations at the local and regional levels in dialectical response to such condition. The paper presents a general discussion of two exemplary cases of silver mining monopolies that confirm this argument. In the first case, a local mining corporation in Trent unleashed money relations that expanded both monopoly power over the mines of the city along with monetary relations. The second case, the colonial mining monopolies of Spanish America, shows how money and debt relations increased the speed of mining along with Western European bullion demand in this period. The paper argues that the relation between mining monopolies and money in world history perspective is an urgent line of inquiry to historians and social scientists interested in understanding the centuries-old, dynamic nexus between mining and capital.

The role of monetary and fiscal policies in determining environmental pollution: Revisiting the N-shaped EKC hypothesis for China.

The equilibrium between environmental quality and economic growth is one of the contemporary objectives of fiscal and monetary policies in the case of China. In this study, we investigate the extent of the existence of the N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and measure the collision of fiscal and monetary policy on carbon emissions within the economic growth perspectives that China is witnessing. This study examines the dynamic nexus between monetary supply, government expenditure, and carbon emissions in China over the spanning from 1980 to 2019. The findings demonstrate that the money supply reduces carbon emissions in the short- and long-run. Precisely, a 1-unit augmentation in monetary policy tool (money supply) will significantly reduce the pressure on the environment by 0.29332 unit in the long-run and 0.79311 unit in the short-run. In contrast, the fiscal policy instrument (government expenditure) contributes to the increase in carbon emissions. Specifically, a 1-unit increase in government expenditure will increase the carbon emission by 0.17835 and 0.48247 units in the long-run and short-run, respectively. Additionally, the result also confirmed the N-shaped EKC hypothesis. Particularly, at the initial stage of economic growth, there are 1.58659 and 4.29197 unit increas in carbon emission in the long-run and short-run, respectively. However, after taking the square of economic growth, this reduces the environmental pollution by 0.3018 and 0.81665 units in the long-run and short-run, respectively. Finally, the cubic form of economic growth shows the 0.01755 and 0.04747 units increase in the pollution level in the long-run and short-run, respectively. Moreover, the study also found the presence of a causality link between government expenditure, economic growth, and carbon emissions. These findings will aid policymakers in implementing fiscal and monetary policies that promote long-term development while lowering carbon emissions.

Application of the Electromagnetic Method to the Spatial Distribution of Subsurface Saline and Fresh Water in the Coastal Mudflat Area of Jiangsu Province.

Interfacial zones straddling terrestrial and marine realms, colloquially known as mudflats, epitomize a dynamic nexus between these environments and are fundamental to the coastal ecosystem. The investigation of these regions is paramount for facilitating infrastructural developments including ports, wharfs, cross-sea bridges, and the strategic utilization of freshwater resources sequestered from mainland islands amid ongoing economic progress. Terrestrial realms conventionally employ electromagnetic techniques as efficacious modalities to delineate subterranean geological information, encompassing structural details and water-bearing strata. However, the peculiar topographic and geological nuances of mudflat regions pose substantial challenges for the efficacious application of electromagnetic methodologies. The present paper endeavors to address these challenges by suggesting innovative modifications to the existing instrumentation and evolving novel data acquisition techniques specifically tailored for electromagnetic exploration within mudflat environments. This paper delves into the electrical characteristics of water-bearing layers within mudflats, and ascertains details pertaining to the subterranean structure and the spatial distribution of fresh and saline water resources, through the holistic interpretation of a multitude of profiles.

Exploring the dynamic nexus between urbanization, energy efficiency, renewable energies, economic growth, with ecological footprint: A panel cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag evidence along Middle East and North Africa countries

The release of greenhouse gases (GHG) is acknowledged as a serious hazard that fuels climate change (CC). The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries face particular environmental challenges due to its contribution to carbon dioxide emissions (CO2). There is, however, a scarcity of literature about the region's environmental challenges, despite its vulnerability to the consequences of CC. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to look at various solutions to the CC issue in the MENA area, that is, energy efficiency (EE), economic development, urbanization, fossil fuel (FF) usage, and renewable energies (RE). Further, the study seeks to evaluate CO2 emissions in the region by establishing a RE index. By applying the fresh technique known as the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag estimator to panel data for 18 MENA countries from 1990 to 2019, this study quantifies the impact of these variables on CO2 emissions. The findings reveal that the explanatory variables’ significance varies across regional panel clusters, with economic growth having a significantly positive effect on CO2 emissions in the long run. Moreover, the study rejects the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis validation and highlights the importance of EE in boosting environmental quality in the long and short runs. Additionally, the outcomes suggest that RE contributes to reducing CO2 emissions, while the urbanization level and FF consumption adopted by MENA countries do not improve their environment. Thus, mitigating the negative consequences of CC in the MENA area necessitates encouraging EE and lobbying for a shift from FF to RE sources.

Dynamic nexus between non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emission: A comparison analysis between major emitters

Non-renewable energy fosters economic growth, whilst simultaneously it serves as the primary source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using data from the world's three major carbon emitters over the period 1980–2020, this paper adopts the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) approach to explore the dynamic nexus between energy consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions. The results reveal that energy consumption matters for economic growth. From a short-term perspective, an increase in oil consumption positively impacts economic growth in the United States and India, whereas a negative shock solely affects China's economic growth. Regarding coal consumption, a positive shock only affects the US's economic growth, while China and India are more likely to be affected by a negative consumption shock. In the long run, the nexus between oil consumption and economic growth exhibits a similar asymmetric pattern in China and the United States. Concerning the effect of coal consumption on economic growth, only negative shocks count for China and positive shocks for the United States. The findings also identify various patterns of energy consumption on CO2 emissions. An increase in oil consumption, whether from a short- or long-run perspective, increases CO2 emissions in all three countries, while a decrease in oil consumption only mitigates CO2 emissions in China and the United States. There are more complicated patterns to the role of coal consumption in CO2 emissions. The results vary significantly from country to country; however, energy consumption has generally promoted economic growth as well as resulted in environmental issues that cannot be disregarded.

Carbon allowances amid climate change concerns: Fresh insights from wavelet multiscale analysis

We examine the dynamic nexus between the carbon emission price and climate change concerns using novel measures of alternatively both physical and transitional climate risks. We apply a wavelet coherence approach to European and North American cap-and-trade programs, highlighting strong correlation between carbon prices and transitional climate risks since 2019. We also reveal a positive relationship between carbon prices and physical climate risks before the Paris Agreement, with this relationship becoming negative in February 2022. Our findings show the important role of climate change concerns on the dynamics of the carbon market.

Dependence between the GCC energy equities, global clean energy and emission markets: Evidence from wavelet analysis

In the context of the debate on energy transition and its implication for the energy-export-dependent GCC region, this study developed a dependence structure using a multiscale approach of wavelets to investigate the impact of global clean energy production, oil price and CO2 emission prices on the energy stock markets of the largest three oil exporters in the GCC region: Saudi, UAE and Kuwait. Our key findings indicate that the three global energy markets are weakly and positively correlated with the GCC energy stock prices at lower frequencies (higher scales). Besides, at the same level of frequencies, we found that changes in the global clean energy production index and CO2 emission price positively influence the three GCC energy stock prices. Oil price is a stronger moderator for the three GCC energy equities at lower frequencies relative to other variables, especially for Kuwait's energy stock price. We also discover that the Abu Dhabi energy index is more sensitive to swings in the three perspective markets compared to Saudi and Kuwait energy markets. These findings carry important implications and guidelines for policymakers, portfolio managers and scholars who attempt to understand the dynamic nexus between GCC energy sectors stock, global transition to clean energy and pricing emissions.

Interpreting the Dynamic Nexus between Green Energy, Employment, Fossil Fuel Energy, and Human Development Index: A Panel Data Investigation

This study examines the dynamic connection between green energy, employment, fossil fuel energy, and human development index including additional variables such as education, life expectancy, and poverty in panel data of 30 developing countries from 1990–2017. Previous studies analyzed the total energy consumption on the human development index, whereas the differential effect of green and fossil fuel energy with employment and human development index has not been examined. The empirical exercise is based on the panel co-integration test, panel fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, and vector error correction estimation approaches. The results reveal that all variables are co-integrated. The results of regression analysis indicate that green energy, education, life expectancy, and employment increase the human development index, but fossil fuel energy and poverty decrease the human development index by −0.016 and 0.023%. In addition, the vector error correction model designates that there is bidirectional causality between green energy consumption and the human development index. Therefore, for developing countries, the development and utilization of green energy sources (wind, solar, geothermal, etc.) are needed. Moreover, these countries should rely less on fossil fuel energy because it causes a decrease in the HDI.

Does energy infrastructure spur total factor productivity (TFP) in middle-income economies? An application of a novel energy infrastructure index

Even though there are numerous empirical investigations on energy consumption's impact on economic growth, the relationship between energy infrastructure and total factor productivity (TFP) appears to be understudied in academic literature. The present study examines the dynamic nexus between energy infrastructure and TFP for the panel data of 67 upper and middle-income countries during 1990–2019.First, we contribute to devising a comprehensive energy infrastructure index by covering qualitative and quantitative dimensions of energy resources using the unobserved-component model.Second, this study investigates the short and long-run relationship between the variables using the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach. The investigation procedure confirms that energy infrastructure significantly and positively increases TFP in both the long and short run. In addition, diverse macroeconomic dynamics, e.g., foreign direct investment, human capital, technological advancement and trade openness, also positively influence TFP in these countries.Third, by categorizing the sample into upper-middle income and lower-middle income countries, this study finds higher coefficients of the energy infrastructure of the upper-middle-income group than the lower-middle-income economies to stimulate TFP. Furthermore, this study's results remain robust across the alternate estimation parameter, the wavelet coherence analysis technique.Finally, the study proposes some significant policy suggestions.

The dynamic nexus between economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agricultural productivity, forest area, and carbon dioxide emissions in the Philippines

Global climate change, intensified by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), provides a massive threat to human life, the environment, development, and sustainability. Consequently, reducing emissions and improving environmental conditions are now a global priority for promoting sustainable growth and preventing the adverse consequences of global warming and climate change. However, there is a paucity of research employing econometric methodologies to investigate the potential of emission reduction factors, particularly in the case of the Philippines. Thus, the present study explored the dynamic effects of economic growth, renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, tourism, agricultural productivity, and forest area in the Philippines in order to accomplish environmental sustainability by lowering CO2 emissions. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methodology were used to scrutinize time series yearly data from 1990 to 2020. According to the estimates, a 1% rise in economic growth, urbanization, industrialization, and tourism will raise CO2 emissions by 0.16%, 1.25%, 0.06%, and 0.02% in the Philippines, respectively. Furthermore, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, agricultural productivity, and forest area may result in CO2 emissions reductions of 1.50%, 0.20%, and 3.46%, respectively. Furthermore, the pairwise Granger causality test was employed to capture the causal relationships between the variables. This article provides policy implications on low-carbon economies, promoting renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, green industrialization, eco-friendly tourism, climate-smart agriculture, and sustainable forest management, all of which could help ensure environmental sustainability by lowering emissions.

Exploring Dynamic Nexus between Economic Growth, Environmental Degradation, and Public Health in Pakistan: A Moderated Mediation Approach

Since the start of this century, much attention has been given to economic growth and environmental changes and their effects on human beings. The present study has developed a comprehensive model to discuss the nexus between economic growth, environmental degradation, and public health. Furthermore, renewable energy consumption and public health spending are used as moderators to make the model more inclusive. The time series data from 1972 to 2020 has been used, and a regression path modeling tool SPPS-PROCESS Model 29, has been applied to carry out the results. The results showed a positive and significant effect of economic growth on environmental degradation, while renewable energy consumption reduces environmental degradation. Furthermore, environmental degradation is negatively affecting the health status in Pakistan. The results of the total effects showed that economic growth positively contributes to public health with a low coefficient. The indirect conditional impact of economic growth on human health through the mediating role of environmental degradation becomes positive from negative in the long run due to renewable energy and public spending on health. Based on the result, some policies are suggested in the last section of this study.

The Dynamic Nexus of Fossil Energy Consumption, Temperature and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Simultaneous Equation Model.

With the continuous increase in global fossil energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and the greenhouse effect have gradually increased. This study uses a simultaneous equations model to explore the dynamic nexus of fossil energy consumption, temperature, and carbon emissions in OECD and non-OECD countries, with panel data from 2004 to 2019. The results show that the improvement of international competitiveness has reduced the frequency of extreme weather in OECD and non-OECD countries, significantly reducing fossil energy consumption in non-OECD countries and carbon emissions in OECD countries. Sustainable economic growth has significantly reduced fossil energy consumption in OECD countries but increased carbon emissions, especially in non-OECD countries. In addition, in the short term, the improvement of international competitiveness has significantly reduced fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions in OECD and non-OECD countries. In the long term, the improvement of international competitiveness has a greater impact on reducing fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions in non-OECD countries and has a significant impact on reducing the frequency of extreme weather in OECD countries. Moreover, the long-term impacts of sustainable economic growth on fossil energy consumption and carbon emissions are more significant.

The Dynamic Nexus Between International Tourism and Environmental Degradation in Top Twenty Tourist Destinations: New Insights From Quantile-on-Quantile Approach.

Tourism is one of the important factors that can affect the environmental and economic situation of any economy. This study investigates the relationship between tourist arrivals and CO2 emission in the top 20 tourist destinations using data from quarterly observations from 1995 to 2018. A unique technique via quantile-on-quantile regression and Granger causality in quantiles was used. In particular, how the quantiles of tourist arrivals impact quantiles of CO2 emission was analyzed. The empirical results suggest a combination of both positive and negative effects of tourist arrivals and CO2 emission in most tourist destinations. Predominantly, at both high and low tails, in the USA, Spain, Hong Kong, and Austria, tourist arrival has a positive effect on CO2 emission, whereas in the case of Canada, France, Germany, Mexico, and Malaysia, the association was negative. On the other hand, China, Greece, Russia, Japan, Italy, South Korea, Thailand, and Turkey have both positive and negative effects of tourism on CO2 emissions at low and high tails. Tourism can be an important factor while formulating policy for environmental and climate aspects.

The Dynamic Nexus Among Energy Diversification and Carbon Emissions in the E7 Economies: Investigating the Moderating Role of Financial Development

ABSTRACT This study investigates the role of financial development in moderating the impact of energy diversification on carbon emissions reduction, using a sample of seven major emerging (E7) economies over the period 1995–2018. A panel cointegration test is employed to investigate any long-run equilibrium relationship among variables. The moderating effect is uncovered using a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results from the cointegration test reveal the presence of a long-run equilibrium linkage among financial development, energy diversification, and carbon emissions. The panel ARDL model results indicate that the carbon emissions reduction effect of energy diversification is strengthened by an increased level of financial development in the long-run. Notably, a 1% increase in energy diversification accompanied by a 1% increase in financial development favorably moderates the carbon emissions reduction impact by about 2.11%. This finding is novel and contributes to our understanding of how financial development moderates the carbon emissions reduction effect of energy diversification. Based on this finding, appropriate policy recommendations are suggested to achieve energy transition goals in the E7 economies.

Do Religious Freedom vis-a-vis Trade Openness Affect Economic Growth? A Cross-Country Empirical Investigation

Does religious freedom steer economic growth impact of trade-openness? This paper employs the method of moments-quantile regression to panel data of 117 developed and developing countries to show that countries that accommodate greater liberal religious beliefs enjoy, on average, higher growth in per capita income via deeper trade openness. Empirical results reveal that the dynamic nexus between trade and economic growth across developing countries is subject to the institutional environment. Therefore, results indicate that trade openness favours economic growth when institutional quality improves.

A Review of Business Development Strategies in Emerging Markets: Economic Impacts and Growth Evaluation

Emerging markets, characterized by their rapidly growing economies, youthful populations, and transitional policies leaning towards open economies, represent both a significant opportunity and challenge for businesses. This review delves into the nuances of business development strategies in these markets, while also exploring the consequential economic ramifications. Historically, business development strategies in emerging markets were anchored on direct investments and exports. However, with the pace of globalization and the rise of digital technologies, there has been a marked shift in strategies. The review reveals that these strategies now prioritize understanding the local culture, forming beneficial partnerships with local enterprises, adapting to the technological landscape, and innovating products and services in line with local needs and preferences. Entry modes into these markets are no longer one-size-fits-all. Companies are seen to be leveraging a mix of wholly-owned subsidiaries, franchises, joint ventures, and even digital-first entries to navigate the complex terrains of emerging markets. Local partnerships, especially, have emerged as a vital tool for foreign businesses. Partnering with local entities not only aids in navigating the regulatory and cultural landscape but also in accessing established distribution networks and building trust amongst local consumers. The adaptation of products and services to resonate with local consumers, driven by meticulous market research, has played a pivotal role in the success of many global brands in emerging markets. Furthermore, the technological boom, especially in sectors like e-commerce, fintech, and telecommunication, has opened new avenues for businesses. More direct economic implications include influences on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and foreign direct investments. Emerging markets with welcoming business policies have seen substantial inflows of capital, bolstering their economic growth trajectories. A total of 55 research papers were reviewed for this study and the methodology used for the study is the systematic review method using thematic analysis, where recurring themes, insights, and patterns were identified and categorized. However, it is not without challenges. Cultural nuances, regulatory bottlenecks, geopolitical uncertainties, and financial unpredictabilities (like currency fluctuations) can pose significant barriers. Also, while entering an emerging market might be easier now than before, sustaining business operations and managing competition, both from established global players and rising local enterprises, is a continual challenge. In conclusion, the study positing that businesses need to adopt a flexible, localized, and technology-driven approach, while policymakers in emerging economies should focus on creating a more conducive environment for foreign businesses. As we move forward, further research is essential to keep abreast of the evolving trends and challenges in this dynamic nexus of business development and economic growth in emerging markets.

Exploring the dynamic link between FDI, remittances, and ecological footprint in Pakistan: Evidence from partial and multiple wavelet based-analysis

The current study aims at studying the asymmetric nexus between foreign direct investment (FDI), foreign remittances inflow (RMIT), and ecological footprint (EF) for Pakistan from 1976Q1-2020Q4. To this end, our article deploys Morlet’s wavelet method. Simply, the recent paper employs Wavelet Coherence Transform (WCT), Partial and Multiple Wavelet Coherence (PWC & MWC) to divulge the dynamic nexus among the series under study. With respect to frequency and time domains, the significant wavelet coherence and robust lead-lag association are inferred. Furthermore, FDI exhibits a strong co-movement with EF, implying that variations in the FDI inflows are highly sensitive to the environment. Likewise, RMIT demonstrates a significant association with EF. Besides, the frequency domain causality test validates our findings by confirming the causal links of FDI and RMIT with EF. Based on the results, some salient policies are suggested to tackle the exigency of environmental pollution.

Towards sustainability: Dynamic nexus between carbon emission and its determining factors in Mexico

• Improving environmental quality through reducing emissions is the central pillar of climate change mitigation and achieving sustainable development goals. • The empirical findings reveal that economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, urbanization, and tourism cause environmental degradation by increasing CO 2 emissions in Mexico while increased renewable energy use and agricultural productivity help to improve the environmental quality in Mexico by reducing CO 2 emissions. • This study provides recommendations for designing effective policies related to a low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, eco-friendly tourism, and climate-smart agriculture which would ensure environmental sustainability by reducing emissions in Mexico. Global climate change, aggravated by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly emissions from carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), poses significant threats to the environment, development, and sustainability. Mexico is a prominent tourist country experiencing continuous economic growth, rapid urbanization, and agricultural productivity which is causing higher energy consumption and CO 2 emissions. The current research explores the dynamic effects of economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, renewable energy use, urbanization, tourism, and agricultural productivity on CO 2 emissions in Mexico. Time series data from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed using the Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) method. According to the estimations, a 1% rise in economic growth, fossil fuel energy use, urbanization, and tourism will raise CO 2 emissions by 0.45%, 1.77%, 0.10% and 0.04%. Furthermore, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption and agricultural productivity may result in reductions in CO 2 emissions of 0.66% and 0.20%. This article put forward policy recommendations in the areas of low-carbon economy, promoting renewable energy use, sustainable urbanization, eco-friendly tourism, and climate-smart agriculture which would ensure environmental sustainability by reducing emissions in Mexico. Graphical Abstract. .