Dynamic Gains Research Articles

Assessing the Dynamic Efficiency Gains of Tax Reform when Human Capital is Endogenous

This paper develops a life-cycle growth model with endogenous human capital accumulation and variable leisure, which is employed to simulate dynamic equal-yield changes from an income tax to a consumption tax. Although endogenizing human capital investment decisions raises partial-equilibrium estimates of the efficiency costs of capital income taxation, general-equilibrium welfare impacts of unanticipated tax changes are little affected by the inclusion of endogenous human capital. This finding cannot be fully explained by the presence of general-equilibrium adjustments in factor prices and can be attributed in part to the existence of transitional rigidities in capital stocks. Copyright 1995 by Economics Department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association.

Loomingness, Helplessness, and Fearfulness: An Integration of Harm-Looming and Self-Efficacy Models of Fear

Loomingness, Helplessness, and Fearfulness: An Integration of Harm-Looming and Self-Efficacy Models of FearJohn H. Riskind and James E. MadduxJohn H. RiskindSearch for more papers by this author and James E. MadduxGeorge Mason UniversitySearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:January 2011https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1993.12.1.73PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations About Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Cited byCited by1. Animal eMotion, or the emotional evaluation of moving animalsOnline publication date: 24 June 2022. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar2. Hold It Right There!Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar3. An exploration of moderator effect of Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies (NMRE) in the association of Looming Cognitive Style (LCS) with trait anxietyOnline publication date: 22 June 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar4. Looming Cognitive Style and Its Associations with Anxiety and Depression: A Meta-analysisOnline publication date: 12 March 2020. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar5. Anxiety and the dynamic self as defined by the prospection and mental simulation of looming future threatsOnline publication date: 14 March 2019. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar6. High Spider-Fearful and Low Spider-Fearful Individuals Differentially Perceive the Speed of Approaching, but not Receding, Spider StimuliOnline publication date: 5 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar7. Looming Cognitive Style Contributes to Etiological Processes in Anxiety DisordersOnline publication date: 10 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar8. Looming Vulnerability in Panic Disorder and the PhobiasOnline publication date: 10 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar9. Exploring Potential Links Between Looming Vulnerability and Post-traumatic Stress DisorderOnline publication date: 10 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar10. Final Synthesis and ConclusionsOnline publication date: 10 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar11. Basic Postulates of the Looming Vulnerability ModelOnline publication date: 10 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar12. Dynamic Gains in Growing Threat and Threat AppraisalOnline publication date: 10 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar13. Experimental Studies Confirming the Emotional Impact of Dynamic Movement and Looming ManipulationsOnline publication date: 10 October 2018. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar14. Understanding animal fears: a comparison of the cognitive vulnerability and harm-looming modelsOnline publication date: 1 December 2007. Go to citation Crossref Google ScholarJohn H. Riskind, Nathan L. Williams and Thomas E. Joiner15. The Looming Cognitive Style: A Cognitive Vulnerability for Anxiety DisordersOnline publication date: 19 October 2006. Go to citation Crossref 16. The looming maladaptive style predicts shared variance in anxiety disorder symptoms: further support for a cognitive model of vulnerability to anxietyOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar17. The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theoryOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar18. Examination of relationships among trait-like individual differences, state-like individual differences, and learning performance.Online publication date: 1 January 2000. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar19. The psychology of looming vulnerability: Its relationships to lossOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar20. Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref 21. Looming vulnerability to threat: A cognitive paradigm for anxietyOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar22. Using mental imagery with subclinical OCD to ‘freeze’ contamination in its place: Evidence for looming vulnerability theoryOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar23. Looming vulnerability to spreading contamination in subclinical OCDOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar24. Interpersonal Determinants of Fear of People With AIDS: The Moderating Role of Predictable BehaviorOnline publication date: 7 June 2010. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar25. The looming of spiders: The fearful perceptual distortion of movement and menaceOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar26. Self-Efficacy TheoryOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar27. Loomingness and the Fear of AIDS: Perceptions of Motion and MenaceOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar28. The loomingness of danger: Does it discriminate focal phobia and general anxiety from depression?Online publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar29. Desperate Acts for Desperate Times: Looming Vulnerability and SuicideOnline publication date: Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Volume 12Issue 1Mar 1993 Information© 1993 Guilford Publications Inc.PDF download

Measurable Dynamic Gains from Trade

Productive factors, such as human and physical capital, accumulate, and trade policy can affect their steady-state levels. Consequently, in addition to the usual static effects, trade liberalization has dynamic effects on output and welfare as the economy moves to its new steady state. The output impact of this dynamic effect is measurable and appears to be quite large. The welfare impact of this dynamic effect is also measurable. The size of this dynamic gain from trade depends on the wedge between social and private returns to capital. Rough numerical estimates of the output and welfare effects are provided.