Dynamic Frame Research Articles

Noninvasive Measurement of [11C]PiB Distribution Volume Using Integrated PET/MRI.

A noninvasive image-derived input function (IDIF) method using PET/MRI was applied to quantitative measurements of [11C] Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB) distribution volume (DV) and compared with other metrics. Fifty-three patients suspected of early dementia (71 ± 11 y) underwent 70 min [11C]PiB PET/MRI. Nineteen of them (68 ± 11 y) without head motion during the scan were enrolled in this study and compared with 16 age-matched healthy controls (CTL: 68 ± 11 y). The dynamic frames reconstructed from listmode PET data were used for DV calculation. IDIF with metabolite correction was applied to the Logan plot method, and DV was normalized into DV ratio (DVR) images using the cerebellar reference (DVRL). DVR and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images were also calculated using the reference tissue graphical method (DVRr) and the 50–70 min static data with cerebellar reference, respectively. Cortical values were compared using the 3D-T1WI MRI segmentation. All patients were assigned to the early Alzheimer’s disease (eAD) group because of positive [11C]PiB accumulation. The correlations of regional values were better for DVRL vs. DVRr (r2 = 0.97) than for SUVR vs. DVRr (r2 = 0.88). However, all metrics clearly differentiated eAD from CTL with appropriate thresholds. Noninvasive quantitative [11C]PiB PET/MRI measurement provided equivalent DVRs with the two methods. SUVR images showed acceptable results despite inferior variability and image quality to DVR images.

Internet of Things technology in mineral remote sensing monitoring

AbstractAt present, the rapid development of the national economy consumes a lot of mineral resources, but the national resource extraction efficiency is low. The traditional prospecting methods consume time, money, and personnel, which cannot meet the national demand for resources in a short time. Therefore, technological innovation is needed to reduce consumption in all aspects. With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, its application is also more extensive. This paper studies the application of Internet of Things technology in mineral remote sensing monitoring. First of all, this research mainly uses the wireless communication technology in the Internet of Things to achieve data transmission and sharing in a short distance and, second, based on the remote sensing monitoring results of the mine environment to comprehensively understand the mining area and find the suitable mining mineral resources at the fastest speed; finally, the dynamic frame time slot ALOHA algorithm is used to estimate the existing data to ensure the availability of the data. The experimental data show that vector point encryption is performed on the center line of the mine at intervals of 10, 15, 20, 30, and 50 m, respectively, and the dynamic frame slot algorithm is used to calculate the appropriate mine mining curve radius. The experimental results show that the application of Internet of Things technology in mineral remote sensing monitoring can accelerate the mining of mineral resources.

Offered load estimation in random access multipacket perception systems using the expectation-maximization algorithm

This paper considers offered load estimation in probabilistic dynamic frame slotted ALOHA systems where the receiver can perceive multiple concurrent packets in a slot. This type of random access protocol finds current application in the areas of machine-to-machine communications and tag processing in RFID communications. The perception of multiple concurrent packets happens when a receiver is able to detect the number of received packets or to decode them. In the first case, we talk about multiple packet detection (MPD) whereas in the second we refer to multiple packet reception (MPR). The finite detection capability of MPD or separation capacity of MPR implies that, ideally, whenever the number of simultaneously received packets exceeds a given value M, a collision results and no information about the packets or their number can be extracted. Hence, we are confronted with an incomplete data estimation problem. We reformulate the problem so as to apply the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and derive the required iterative equations to obtain a maximum likelihood estimator for the offered load. A numerical example of the algorithm's execution is included and application scenarios are indicated. Simulation studies are presented to show that the proposed estimation method compares favorably with alternative techniques.

Quantitative Augmented Reality-Assisted Free-Hand Orthognathic Surgery Using Electromagnetic Tracking and Skin-Attached Dynamic Reference.

The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative AR-assisted free-hand orthognathic surgery method using electromagnetic (EM) tracking and skin-attached dynamic reference. The authors proposed a novel, simplified, and convenient workflow for augmented reality (AR)-assisted orthognathic surgery based on optical marker-less tracking, a comfortable display, and a non-invasive, skin-attached dynamic reference frame. The 2 registrations between the physical (EM tracking) and CT image spaces and between the physical and AR camera spaces, essential processes in AR-assisted surgery, were pre-operatively performed using the registration body complex and 3D depth camera. The intraoperative model of the maxillary bone segment (MBS) was superimposed on the real patient image with the simulated goal model on a flat-panel display, and the MBS was freely handled for repositioning with respect to the skin-attached dynamic reference tool (SRT) with quantitative visualization of landmarks of interest using only EM tracking. To evaluate the accuracy of AR-assisted Le Fort I surgery, the MBS of the phantom was simulated and repositioned by 6 translational and three rotational movements. The mean absolute deviations (MADs) between the simulation and post-operative positions of MBS landmarks by the SRT were 0.20, 0.34, 0.29, and 0.55 mm in x- (left lateral, right lateral), y- (setback, advance), and z- (impaction, elongation) directions, and RMS, respectively, while those by the BRT were 0.23, 0.37, 0.30, and 0.60 mm. There were no significant differences between the translation and rotation surgeries or among surgeries in the x-, y-, and z-axes for the SRT. The MADs in the x-, y-, and z-axes exhibited no significant differences between the SRT and BRT. The developed method showed high accuracy and reliability in free-hand orthognathic surgery using EM tracking and skin-attached dynamic reference.

Music therapy as multiplicity: Implications for music therapy philosophy and theory

ABSTRACT Introduction: The field of music therapy is diverse and complex. Authors have navigated such complexity in myriad ways, often to locate the field’s unique values and purposes. Ensuing orientations and models have been valuable, but do not encompass the entirety of current and future practices/practitioners. I introduce the multiplicity concept to highlight intricacies and promote opportunities. Method I re-envision Bruscia’s construction of music therapy as a multiplicity – an interactive relationship between art, science, and humanity – through the rigor of Gilles Deleuze’s multiplicity concept: (a) difference between and within, (b) the extensive and intensive, and (c) the actual and virtual through a range of examples and illustrations. I also note how the multiplicity of music engages with context (client, therapist, and environment), seeking to illustrate the potential for multiplicity to address our uniqueness in a more nuanced and dynamic fashion than is commonly presented. Results In order to show resonance and variation, I dialogue with historical and current concepts and perspectives employed in music therapy. A resultant conceptual edifice includes: processes that are multiple, outcomes that multiply, and options that allow one to decenter and pivot as needed in context. The unique dynamism of multiplicity allows us to engage in between the components of creativity, organization, and human relationship in new ways. Discussion The ideas I present here are not entirely new, but have rarely if ever been highlighted in this fashion. This re-envisioning of Bruscia’s multiplicity offers a unique, dynamic metatheoretical frame for the field to (re)consider current perspectives.

An Anti-Collision Scheme for RFID for Patient Tracking Using Linear Interpolation Estimation.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags are widely used in the healthcare industry for patient tracking. A mainstream RFID implementation is based on a series of readers installed in a fixed location within a hospital or a nursing home and tags are embedded in the clothing worn by patients. Caregivers can readily obtain near real-time location information of individual patients from the tag locations. For implementation in washable clothing tags are often passive such that tag collision is a common problem within co-operation mechanism between tags. Tag anti-collision scheme is there an important consideration that affects the identification effectiveness. To address this issue, this paper proposes a dynamic frame slotted Aloha algorithm based on linear interpolation based estimation that adaptively adjusts the frame length. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm yields an estimation error below 1.5% achieved in less than 10 iterations, it provides reduction in identification time while reduces the tags leakage probability in a clinical environment where patient tracking is automatically managed.

Research and application of the conveyor self-advancing tail without repeated support

Aiming at the current situation of conveyor self-advancing tail process of the traditional heading face in the coal mine, such as “retreating machine-manually pulling--manually adjusting the deviation-ground anchoring”, in order to realize efficient and rapid excavation, a new type of conveyor self-advancing tail used in mining face suitable for crushing roof was developed. The design of the endless force, the stepping distance, the conveying capacity, the adapting belt speed and the idler type of the designed conveyor self-advancing tail were carried out. Based on the virtual prototype technology the intermediate frame of the tail and the dynamic frame were established and the model’s structural strength were checked. The correctness of the design of the whole machine was verified by the actual application of the tail in the coal mine. The successful development of conveyor self-advancing tail without repeated struts effectively solves the problem that the tail of the coal mining face can not be self-moving or needs to be support self-moving, which greatly improves the efficiency of the tail movement of the driving face. At the same time, it also provides the possibility to upgrade the automation of the face.

Optimal DC machines performance based on intelligent controller

The disorganized neural controller links the calculation of the delicate rationale to the architecture of a five-layer pseudo-nervous system. The classical PID controller was replaced by an Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference system (ANFIS), that will be adjusts the thin induction framework with the calculation of learning in half and a half; this makes the thin framework for learning. A fuzzy nervous-based vector display controls a frame under control. This paper displays an optimal performance with speed controller based on the drive of a power system. The proposed Neural Fuzzy Control Unit combines of a thin Boolean arithmetic calculation and five layers mock neural network system (ANN) structure, which fine-tunes the delicate deduction framework with a half and a half learning arithmetic. This makes a thin framework for learning. The proposed drive recruiting engine exhibition controlled by neurotransmitters is examined in different working conditions. The consequences of the proposed console contrast with those obtained by a regular PI controller and Fuzzy Logic controller. The study of reproduction shows the drive’s strength and reliability for superior driving applications. Structural reconstruction is accomplished through applying of Matlab Verson 2019b. DC machine is a contextual search. Palatable results were obtained; this demonstrates the capability of the ANFIS console in control using a high non-linear dynamic frame and great results can be obtain by tuning the intelligent controller.

Impedance-Based Whole-System Modeling for a Composite Grid via Embedding of Frame Dynamics

The paper establishes a methodology to overcome the difficulty of dynamic frame alignment and system separation in impedance modeling of ac grids, and thereby enables impedance-based whole-system modeling of generator-converter composite power systems. The methodology is based on a frame-dynamics-embedding transformation via an intermediary steady frame between local and global frames, which yields a locally defined impedance model for each generator or converter that does not rely on a global frame but retains all frame dynamics. The individual impedance model can then be readily combined into a whole-system model even for meshed networks via the proposed closed-loop formulation without network separation. Compared to start-of-the-art impedance-based models, the proposed method retains both frame dynamics and scalability, and is generally applicable to various network topologies (meshed, radial, etc) and combinations of machines (generators, motors, converters, etc). The methodology is used to analyze the dynamic interaction between generators and converters in a composite grid, which yields important findings and potential solutions for unstable oscillation caused by PLL-swing coupling in low-inertia grids.

Study interrelation between deformational characteristics of rocks with longitudinal and cross-sectional wave speed based on experimental data (in the order of discussion)

The paper is dedicated to the study of the interrelation between deformational characteristics of rocks (dynamic frame module, module of incompressibility, Poisson coefficient, compression ratio) with cross-sectional and longitudinal wave rates based on the systematic analysis of experimental data and carried out analysis enabled to obtain corresponding theoretical-practical outcomes. As a result of conducted analysis, it was defined that in studied exploration areas there are rocks with such lithology that to some extent may have reservoir properties marked in initial geophysical surveys as absorbing zone. Obtained analysis results are recommended to be used for efficiency increasing of carried out studies.

Realization of an Optimal Dynamic Geodetic Reference Frame in China: Methodology and Applications

China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000 (CGCS2000) has been used for several years as a formal published reference frame. The coordinates of all global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations in China need to be corrected to align with the CGCS2000 frame. Different strategies can be adopted for the realization of an optimal reference frame. However, different strategies lead to different results, with differences as great as several decimeters when GNSS station coordinates are transformed into CGCS2000-defined coordinates. The two common methods for the coordinate correction of a GNSS station are quasi-stable adjustment under CGCS2000 and plate movement correction, and the differences between their results can be greater than 10 cm. In this study, a statistic method called “supervised clustering” is applied to the selection of GNSS reference stations; a new scheme named “partition spacing” for the grouping of all processed GNSS stations is proposed; and the plate movement correction method is used to correct the coordinates of all GNSS stations from the GNSS epoch to the CGCS2000 epoch. The results from the new partitioning method were found to be significantly better than those from the conventional station-blocking approach. When coordinates from the stations without grouping were used as the standard, the accuracy of all the three-dimensional coordinate components from the new partitioning method was better than 2 mm. The root mean squares (RMSs) of the velocities in the x, y, and z directions resulting from the supervised clustering method were 0.19, 0.45, and 0.32 mm∙a−1, respectively, which were much smaller than the values of 0.92, 0.72, and 0.97 mm∙a−1 that resulted from the conventional approach. In addition, singular spectrum analysis (SSA) was used to model and predict the position nonlinear movements. The modeling accuracies of SSA were better than 3, 2, and 5 mm in the east (E), north (N), and up (U) directions, respectively; and its prediction accuracies were better than 5 mm and 1 cm for the horizontal and vertical domains, respectively.

Frameless Patient Tracking With Adhesive Optical Skin Markers for Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation in Spine Surgery

Observational study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a new frameless reference marker system for patient tracking by analyzing the effect of vertebral position within the surgical field. Most modern navigation systems for spine surgery rely on a dynamic reference frame attached to a vertebra for tracking the patient. This solution has the drawback of being bulky and obstructing the surgical field, while requiring that the dynamic reference frame is moved between vertebras to maintain accuracy. An augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN) system with intraoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) capability was installed in a hybrid operating room. The ARSN system used input from four video cameras for tracking adhesive skin markers placed around the surgical field. The frameless reference marker system was evaluated first in four human cadavers, and then in 20 patients undergoing navigated spine surgery. In each CBCT, the impact of vertebral position in the surgical field on technical accuracy was analyzed. The technical accuracy of the inserted pedicle devices was determined by measuring the distance between the planned position and the placed pedicle device, at the bone entry point. The overall mean technical accuracy was 1.65 ± 1.24 mm at the bone entry point (n = 366). There was no statistically significant difference in technical accuracy between levels within CBCTs (P ≥ 0.12 for all comparisons). Linear regressions showed that null- to negligible parts of the effect on technical accuracy could be explained by the number of absolute levels away from the index vertebrae (r ≤ 0.007 for all, β ≤ 0.071 for all). The frameless reference marker system based on adhesive skin markers is unobtrusive and affords the ARSN system a high accuracy throughout the navigated surgical field, independent of vertebral position. 3.

Multi-packet reception dynamic frame-slotted ALOHA for IoT: Design and analysis

Machine-to-Machine(M2M) Data Collection networks form an integral part of the internet of things wherein a Data Collector (DC) collects data from a large number of nodes. M2M communication protocols should not only be efficient, but they should also be easy to implement. In this regard, Frame Slotted aloha based Medium Access Control protocols have gained popularity for these networks. In the current paper, we propose and analyze the Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha(DFSA) algorithm for an M2M system with DC having a multi-packet reception (MPR) capability. We develop a stochastic model for the proposed MPR-DFSA algorithm. Based on the Karp-Upfal-Widgerson inequality, we derive asymptotic expressions and bounds for (a) expected number of nodes contending in a given iteration of the algorithm and (b) expectation of the number of iterations the MPR DFSA algorithm takes to finish. Further per-slot throughput and transmission delay of the packet of the MPR-DFSA algorithm have been derived. The analysis is validated through simulation. We compared the proposed MPR DFSA protocol with random access protocols of LTE and Narrowband IoT standards. Finally, we evaluate the performance of MPR DFSA protocol under real-world IoT network scenarios.

Target-centric angle variables in pursuit tracking

A method for constructing a dynamic local reference frame centered at the location of a pursuit target is proposed. It uses original fixed reference frame coordinates for three positions: the location of a moving target, the location of a pursuing entity, and a third reference point that defines the instantaneous target trajectory direction. The method involves rigid body geometric operations and creates a consistent local reference frame configuration having its origin at the target location. The local frame also has the target trajectory pointing in the positive x axis direction, and a defined azimuth plane descriptive of the current pursuer location. This plane is determined by a concluding local frame rotation around the set x axis, which specifies a particular y axis direction. If the pursuer position is not on the local frame’s azimuth plane, its perpendicular projection on to that plane serves as an additional position for use in defining angle variables. Three angle variables relevant to the pursuit dynamics (not all mutually independent) are obtained from the three coordinate values of the pursuer position in the local frame: an elevation angle, an azimuth angle, and a bearing angle that basically describes how far off course the pursuer position is from being directly behind the target’s current trajectory path position. To illustrate the method of obtaining these angles and to demonstrate their potential usefulness in characterizing pursuit behavior, example experimental data from a motor control and coordination pursuit task performance are presented and analyzed.

Towards Optical Imaging for Spine Tracking without Markers in Navigated Spine Surgery.

Surgical navigation systems are increasingly used for complex spine procedures to avoid neurovascular injuries and minimize the risk for reoperations. Accurate patient tracking is one of the prerequisites for optimal motion compensation and navigation. Most current optical tracking systems use dynamic reference frames (DRFs) attached to the spine, for patient movement tracking. However, the spine itself is subject to intrinsic movements which can impact the accuracy of the navigation system. In this study, we aimed to detect the actual patient spine features in different image views captured by optical cameras, in an augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN) system. Using optical images from open spinal surgery cases, acquired by two gray-scale cameras, spinal landmarks were identified and matched in different camera views. A computer vision framework was created for preprocessing of the spine images, detecting and matching local invariant image regions. We compared four feature detection algorithms, Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF), Maximal Stable Extremal Region (MSER), Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST), and Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) to elucidate the best approach. The framework was validated in 23 patients and the 3D triangulation error of the matched features was < mm. Thus, the findings indicate that spine feature detection can be used for accurate tracking in navigated surgery.

Optimal data transmission in backscatter communication for passive sensing systems

Computational Radio Frequency IDentification (CRFID) is a device that integrates passive sensing and computing applications, which is powered by electromagnetic waves and read by the off-the-shelf Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency IDentification (UHF RFID) readers. Traditional RFID only identifies the ID of the tag, and CRFID is different from traditional RFID. CRFID needs to transmit a large amount of sensing and computing data in the mobile sensing scene. However, the current Electronic Product Code, Class-1 Generation-2 (EPC C1G2) protocol mainly aims at the transmission of multi-tag and minor data. When a large amount of data need to be fed back, a more reliable communication mechanism must be used to ensure the efficiency of data exchange. The main strategy of this paper is to adjust the data frame length of the CRFID response dynamically to improve the efficiency and reliability of CRFID backscattering communication according to energy acquisition and channel complexity. This is done by constructing a dynamic data frame length model and optimizing the command set of the interface protocol. Then, according to the actual situation of the uplink, a dynamic data validation method is designed, which reduces the data transmission delay and the probability of retransmitting, and improves the throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the existing methods. Under different energy harvesting and channel conditions, the dynamic data frame length and verification method can approach the theoretical optimum.

Hyperspectral Imaging for Skin Feature Detection: Advances in Markerless Tracking for Spine Surgery

In spinal surgery, surgical navigation is an essential tool for safe intervention, including the placement of pedicle screws without injury to nerves and blood vessels. Commercially available systems typically rely on the tracking of a dynamic reference frame attached to the spine of the patient. However, the reference frame can be dislodged or obscured during the surgical procedure, resulting in loss of navigation. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) captures a large number of spectral information bands across the electromagnetic spectrum, providing image information unseen by the human eye. We aim to exploit HSI to detect skin features in a novel methodology to track patient position in navigated spinal surgery. In our approach, we adopt two local feature detection methods, namely a conventional handcrafted local feature and a deep learning-based feature detection method, which are compared to estimate the feature displacement between different frames due to motion. To demonstrate the ability of the system in tracking skin features, we acquire hyperspectral images of the skin of 17 healthy volunteers. Deep-learned skin features are detected and localized with an average error of only 0.25 mm, outperforming the handcrafted local features with respect to the ground truth based on the use of optical markers.

On the Screen: Displaying the Moving Image, 1926–1942 by Ariel Rogers

Book Review| June 01 2020 On the Screen: Displaying the Moving Image, 1926–1942 by Ariel Rogers BOOK DATA Ariel Rogers, On the Screen: Displaying the Moving Image, 1926–1942. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. $105.00 cloth; $35.00 paper; $34.99 e-book. 320 pages. Patrick Keating Patrick Keating PATRICK KEATING is a professor of Communication at Trinity University, where he teaches film and media studies. He is the author of The Dynamic Frame: Camera Movement in Classical Hollywood (Columbia University Press, 2019). Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Film Quarterly (2020) 73 (4): 101–103. https://doi.org/10.1525/fq.2020.73.4.101 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Patrick Keating; On the Screen: Displaying the Moving Image, 1926–1942 by Ariel Rogers. Film Quarterly 1 June 2020; 73 (4): 101–103. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/fq.2020.73.4.101 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFilm Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2020 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Reprints and Permissions web page, http://www.ucpress.edu/journals.php?p=reprints.2020 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Dynamic Frame Update Policy for UHF RFID Sensor Tag Collisions.

The current growing demand for low-cost edge devices to bridge the physical–digital divide has triggered the growing scope of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology research. Besides object identification, researchers have also examined the possibility of using RFID tags for low-power wireless sensing, localisation and activity inference. This paper focuses on passive UHF RFID sensing. An RFID system consists of a reader and various numbers of tags, which can incorporate different kinds of sensors. These sensor tags require fast anti-collision protocols to minimise the number of collisions with the other tags sharing the reader’s interrogation zone. Therefore, RFID application developers must be mindful of anti-collision protocols. Dynamic Frame Slotted Aloha (DFSA) anti-collision protocols have been used extensively in the literature because EPCglobal Class 1 Generation 2 (EPC C1G2), which is the current communication protocol standard in RFID, employs this strategy. Protocols under this category are distinguished by their policy for updating the transmission frame size. This paper analyses the frame size update policy of DFSA strategies to survey and classify the main state-of-the-art of DFSA protocols according to their policy. Consequently, this paper proposes a novel policy to lower the time to read one sensor data packet compared to existing strategies. Next, the novel anti-collision protocol Fuzzy Frame Slotted Aloha (FFSA) is presented, which applies this novel DFSA policy. The results of our simulation confirm that FFSA significantly decreases the sensor tag read time for a wide range of tag populations when compared to earlier DFSA protocols thanks to the proposed frame size update policy.

Removal of Foreign Body Aided with Various Navigation Modalities- A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Computerized surgical navigation (CSN) has many potential applications in foreign body (FB) removal. Case Report: While playing, a 14-year-old girl was accidentally shot in the facial area with a shotgun. Removal of the superficial shots and of the left eyeball was performed at a local hospital. She was transferred to the West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan, China) on the third day after the accident due to difficulties in removing the remaining shots. Except for left eye vision loss, there was no abnormal physical or laboratory test. Spiral computed tomography (CT) scan of the head was performed and data were imported into the iplan software of the VectorVision2 navigation system. A dynamic reference frame was fixed to the skull and another to the forceps. Eight shots were successfully removed. One shot could not be removed because of significant shifting. At 1 month, the incisions were successfully healed and there were no symptoms or signs. Conclusion: The case presented here and the relevant literature about CSN indicates that CSN is a valuable modality for the removal of FBs, not only in the craniomaxillofacial area, but anywhere in the body.