Textile Dye Research Articles

Bioremoval of industrial dyes using different microorganisms

Textile dyeing effluents are a major source of water pollution because of their pigmentation and the creation of harmful or potentially cancer-causing intermediate compounds, such as aromatic amines originating from azo dyes. The extensive industrial expansion and uncontrolled rapid growth of current textile manufacturing facilities have led to the discharge of large volumes of untreated textile dye effluents, which contain a variety of hazardous contaminants like dyes, metal ions, heavy metals, organic substances, and other toxic materials. Bioremediation is a promising alternative to conventional treatment methods for textile dyeing effluents. It is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach that uses biological organisms to degrade and remove pollutants from the environment. This review evaluates the performance and typical attributes of bioremediation and stands out as a practical and effective option for addressing the treatment of textile dyes. It also highlights the current challenges and anticipated advancements in the field of bioremediation techniques for the removal of dye-containing wastewater in the future.

A novel water‐soluble nano‐additive incorporated to PPSU membrane for textile dye removal

AbstractIn order to develop a polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membrane for the removal of textile dyes, a novel water‐soluble known as partly cross‐linked nanoparticles graft copolymer (PCLNPG) is presented in this study as a pore forming agent. In order to fully investigate its effects on properties of the membrane surface, the morphology, and the porosity, and performance, the PCLNPG concentration in the PPSU solution was changed. The results showed that the novel membrane's hydrophilicity and porosity enhanced when it was made using a 0.75 wt.% PCLNPG. To investigate the impact of PCLNPG nanoparticles on the characterization of the novel nanocomposite, a variety of testing methods were utilized. Additionally, longer finger‐like pores and a more porous structure were created when the PCLNPG content increased. However, the highest values of water flux and Congo red (CR) dye rejection was 147.05 L ∙ m−2 ∙ h−1 and 98.59%, respectively. According to results, treating textile wastewater with PPSU/PCLNPG membranes could be a beneficial choice due to its performance features.

A Study on the potential industrial effluent remediation applications of CdS nanoparticles through niobium incorporation

<p>The increasing release of textile dyes into water bodies poses a significant environmental challenge due to their toxicity and resistance to degradation. In this study, cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) and niobium (Nb)-doped CdS at three different concentrations were synthesized using a green synthesis approach, employing <em>Syzygium cumini </em>seed extracts as eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. The results confirmed the formation of a wurtzite hexagonal phase, with decreasing crystal size. However, as the crystal size decreased, the bandgap increased to 2.60 eV due to the quantum confinement effect. The FE-SEM analysis revealed distinct morphologies influenced by Nb doping levels and EDAX confirms the sample purity. Photocatalytic studies under visible light demonstrated significant dye degradation for both Alizarin Red and Malachite Green. CdS-N3 exhibited the highest kinetic rate constants of 2.03 and 2.32×10−2 min−1 for Alizarin Red and Malachite Green, respectively, with degradation efficiencies of 84.97% and 88.76%. Furthermore, Nb doping enhanced the stability, with CdS-N3 maintaining 79.9% and 84.1% degradation efficiency after five cycles for Alizarin Red and Malachite Green, respectively. Additionally, NPs shown significant antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, highlighting their potential for dual-function environmental remediation. The synergistic effects of Nb doping were found to enhance both photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial performance, making these materials promising candidates for sustainable wastewater treatment and microbial control.</p>

Novel S-scheme based nanocomposite of MXene/V2O5 for environmental remediation towards sustainable development: An insight into influencing parameters.

In this study, a novel 2D/2D nanocomposite of MXene and V2O5 was synthesized using a facile hydrothermal approach for the efficient removal of crystal violet (CV), a textile dye from contaminated water to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14; "Save Lives Below Water". Here, the catalytic performance of pristine MXene was prominently boosted with the introduction of ball milled V2O5 as an electron generating agent. The degradation efficiency of synthesized nanocomposite significantly enhanced from 57 % to 92 %, 41 % - 76 % and 7 % - 58 % with an error of ±2 % as compared to pristine MXene at 10, 20 and 30ppm concentrations of CV, respectively. The effective degradation of pollutants is ascribed to the electron-transfer via S-scheme based mechanism and helps in reducing recombination rate of photogenerated carriers, which could produce hydroxyl radicals (OH.) as a primary species for effectively degradation of pollutants. The superior performance of nanocomposite is attributed to: (i) the optimized surface charge (-27.8mV), (ii) small value of charge transfer resistance (Rct=1.3Ω), (iii) enhanced value of carrier concentration (6.3 X 1032cm-3), (iv) small recombination rate of excitons and (v) high specific surface area as compared to pristine samples. Moreover, to strengthen the findings, scavenger study and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study were carried out and concluded that hydroxyl radicals (OH.) are the primary species in the mineralization of CV dye. The values of lande g-factor are calculated using EPR plots which comes out to be 2.03 and 2.04 for (O2.-) and (OH.) radicals, respectively and demonstrates the formation of free radicals during catalytic reactions. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis was carried out before and after the removal of CV using MV nanocomposite and confirms the reduction in COD vlaue of 81.60 %. The reusability experiment confirms stability of synthesized sample and provides a good shred for industrial applications in the treatment of wastewater and getting out cleaner productions and to save marine ecosystem.

Rapid photocatalytic degradation of selective organic dyes using metal oxide-metal sulphide and its inverted nanocomposites

The chemical precipitation approach was employed to synthesize novel heterostructures, namely CeO2-ZnS and SnO2-ZnS, along with inverted nanocomposites ZnS-CeO2 and ZnS-SnO2. The nanocomposites were subjected to characterization using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis absorption spectra, and photoluminescence spectra. The TEM images demonstrated particles that were homogeneous, well-dispersed, and comparatively tiny with a sphere-like structure. This indicates successful synthesis and desirable morphological properties of the nanocomposites. The integration of varied nanoparticles within a heterostructure commonly gives rise to synergistic effects, imparting superior properties to the composite compared to the individual components. These nanocomposites tested for their photocatalytic degradation efficiency using Rose Bengal (RB) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes under natural sunlight and they exhibited approximately 95 % degradation rate. The degradation results demonstrated a significant enhancement in the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnS-CeO2 and CeO2-ZnS nanocomposites. This improvement was attributed to the effective recombination suppression of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, leading to the generation of highly reactive free radicals. The first-order kinetic rate constant for CeO2-ZnS was determined to be 0.52 min−1 for CV and 0.53 min−1 for RB. The present research work has the potential to offer a novel approach to the construction of new heterojunction photocatalysts and to provide a more profound understanding of the treatment of textile organic dyes.

Annona reticulata fruit-based photosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and assess antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes

Annona reticulata fruit-based photosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and assess antioxidant, antibacterial and photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes

Preparation of Am-MSN/PVDF Mixed Matrix Membranes for Enhanced Removal of Reactive Black 5

The discharge of large volumes of textile dyeing wastewater, characterized by poor biodegradability and high toxicity, poses severe threats to the environment. In this study, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared using the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method, with porous amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Am-MSNs) mixed into the casting solution to fabricate the Am-MSN/PVDF mixed matrix membranes. By varying the amount of Am-MSNs added, the microstructure and overall performance of the membranes were comprehensively analyzed. The results demonstrated that the addition of Am-MSNs significantly enhanced the hydrophilicity of the membranes. The high specific surface area and amino groups of Am-MSNs facilitated interactions with dye molecules, such as Reactive Black 5 (RB5), through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, and physical adsorption, resulting in a marked improvement in RB5 rejection rates. Static adsorption tests further validated the superior adsorption capacity of the Am-MSN/PVDF mixed matrix membranes for RB5. Additionally, the nanoscale mesoporous structure of Am-MSNs enhanced the mechanical strength of the membranes. The synergistic effects of the mesoporous structure and amino groups significantly increased the efficiency and stability of the Am-MSN/PVDF mixed matrix membranes in dye removal applications, providing an effective and sustainable solution for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.

Biotechnological uses of purified and characterized alkaline cellulase from extremophilic Bacillus pumilus VLC7 from Lake Van

The present study focuses on the isolation and characterization of a bacterium from Lake Van adapted to an alkaline pH environment with significant cellulase production potential. The identified isolate, Bacillus pumilus VLC7 (GenBank Acc No: OR415888.1), exhibited the highest cellulase activity among other alkaliphilic isolates. The purification employing protein precipitation by ammonium sulfate, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange chromatography resulted in 20-fold purification with a specific activity of 16 U/mg protein. Cellulase had a molecular weight of 76 kDa, 3.13 mM Km and 0.160 U/mg Vmax values. The enzyme displayed maximum activity at pH 9.0 and 40 °C and retained at least 80% of its activity at temperatures of 25–60 °C for 90 min and pH 4–12 for one hour. Stability tests also revealed the enzyme’s resilience to various reagents, metal ions, organic solvents, and detergents. Furthermore, the biotechnological applications of cellulase were explored, demonstrating its effectiveness in fabric biopolishing (removing pilling), as well as in the removal of fabric dyes. The research findings underscore the potential of B. pumilus VLC7 as a valuable source for eco-friendly industrial biotechnology applications.Graphical

Herbal synthesis of silver nanoparticles for improved dyeing and UV protection of cotton fabric

Herbal synthesis of silver nanoparticles for improved dyeing and UV protection of cotton fabric

Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera, characterization and statistical optimization for their application in crystal violet adsorption

Crystal violet (Cry) is an essential textile dye belonging to the triphenylmethane group, that is widely used in the textile industry. It is also applied for paper printing and Gram staining. Previously, it was significant as a topical antiseptic due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties. Despite its various applications, crystal violet has been recognized as a biohazard dye due to its toxic and carcinogenic properties. It persists in the environment with long-lasting effects and has detrimental impacts. In this research, water extract from Moringa oleifera leaves is employed as environmentally friendly methods to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (Mo/ZnO-NPs), and characterized by TEM, EDX, FT-IR, and Zeta potential. Mo/ZnO-NPs exhibit a Zeta potential of − 21.9 mV, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms their crystallographic structure. The size of the biogenic Mo/ZnO-NPs ranges from 5.52 to 41.59 nm. This study was designed to estimate and maximize the ability of Mo/ZnO-NPs to remove crystal violet using Central Composite Design (CCD), considering pH (ranging from 3 to 11), incubation time (ranging from 30 to 150), nanoparticles concentrations (ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 mg/mL), and crystal violet concentrations (ranging from 25 to 125 ppm). The maximum percentage value of removal of crystal violet by Mo/ZnO-NPs was 97.26 with optimal conditions of pH 9, incubation time 120 min, Mo/ZnO-NPs 1.4 mg/mL, and crystal violet concentration of 50 ppm. The best-predicted conditions that caused the highest removal of crystal violet (97.8%) were determined using the desirability function as pH 10, incubation time of 140 min, Mo/ZnO-NPs concentrations of 1.3 mg/mL, and a concentration of crystal violet of 80 ppm. Under these optimal conditions, the maximum experimental crystal violet removal% by Mo/ZnO-NPs was (98.7%) was verified. Mo/ZnO-NPs synthesized by Moringa oleifera can be a promising candidate for the adsorption of crystal violet.

Determination of Reactive Dyes in Coloring Foodstuff, Fruit Juice Concentrates, and Meat Products by Reductive Azo-Bond Cleavage and LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis.

Visually appealing foods are often associated by consumers with subjective quality features, such as freshness, palatability, and shelf life. In the past, there have been repeated violations in which regulations on the use of pigments in food were ignored and/or unauthorized or toxic dyes (e.g., Sudan red in paprika powder) were added. Most recently, adulterations by using reactive dyes from the textile sector have been reported. These included, among others, colored spice preparations for use in meat products (e.g., for sausages and meat products), which were advertised to contain natural plant-derived pigments mainly consisting of betalains and/or anthocyanins. In contrast to natural dyes, reactive dyes are very stable toward extreme pH values, heat, and light. Due to their chemical properties, reactive dyes cannot be detected by classical dye analysis as they may be covalently bound to the food matrix. Methods for the analysis of matrix-bound reactive dyes are therefore required. In this study, a reductive cleavage method of bound textile dyes in different food matrices (spice mixtures, fruit juices, and scalded sausages) and the detection of characteristic cleavage products after enrichment by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis is reported. In addition, 13 suspicious samples provided by project partners were analyzed using the newly developed LC-ESI-MS method.

Removal of Textile Dyes from Wastewater: A Study of γ-Irradiation on Adsorption and Physicochemical Properties of Diatomaceous Earth

Textile industrial wastewater is an important contributor to water pollution. Thus, it is crucial to minimize contaminants in industrial waste before releasing it into the environment. Methylene blue (MB) is commonly found in textile industry wastewater and can present significant risks to human health and the environment. The purpose of this work was to use γ-irradiation to modify diatomaceous earth (DE) to eliminate MB from textile wastewater. The effects of different doses of γ-irradiation on diatomaceous earth adsorption capacity were investigated. The structure and properties of modified diatomaceous earth were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Braeuer–Emmett–Teller (BET) (for surface area), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray fluorescence (XRF). The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of samples were also investigated. The adsorption behavior of textile dyes on DE samples was carried out using a UV-Vis spectroscopy technique. Adsorption of the textile dyes onto modified DE was studied by batch adsorption techniques to determine the optimum conditions at a temperature of 30ºC. The factors of this experiment were contact time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min) with diffrent gamma radiation dose levels: 0 kGy (control), 5 kGy, 10 kGy, 20 kGy, and 30 kGy. The results showed that modified diatomaceous earth had a high adsorption capacity for the textile dye, with removal efficiencies ranging from 82-96% within 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of γ-irradiated DE was 14.9 mg g–1. This indicates that γ-irradiation of DE may enhance the adsorption rate. It could be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for treating wastewater polluted with textile dyes.

Eco‐Friendly Extraction and Utilization of Agro Crop Wastes Based Natural Dye for Textile Dyeing

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of waste plant residues into practical applications, particularly as a sustainable source of green dyes in textiles, is increasingly recommended by the global community. This research investigates the potential of Rangoon creeper flowers and madder roots for silk dyeing through environmentally friendly methodologies. Therefore, extraction procedures were conducted in suitable mediums and applied to the fabric before and after microwave (MW) treatment for durations of up to 10 min. Similarly, response surface methodology was employed to assess the significance of various dyeing parameters, which influence shade development and enhance colorfastness. The results indicate that subjecting acidic binary extracts of Rangoon creeper flowers and madder roots, along with silk fabric, to 6 min of radiation at 700 W is an effective condition for achieving colorfast shades, particularly when applied before and after mordanting with Al, Fe salts, and tannic acid single and their binary solution as eco‐chemical agents. The highest color strength (K/S = 15.0) was obtained using an acidic extract after MW treatment. Hence, evaluation based on standard methods such as ISO protocols for lightfastness, wash fastness, and rub fastness demonstrates that employing selected shades produced under environmentally friendly conditions is both time and energy‐efficient, yielding stable colorfast hues rated from good to excellent. This study suggests that utilizing microwave treatment in addition to statistical methodologies like the central composite design for exploring novel dye‐yielding plants, coupled with eco‐mordanting techniques, holds promise for obtaining desirable colorfast shades.

Green Ecological Extraction and Application of Red Sumac-Based Tannin Natural Product for Dyeing of Green-Mordanted Silk Fabric and Wool Yarns

Green Ecological Extraction and Application of Red Sumac-Based Tannin Natural Product for Dyeing of Green-Mordanted Silk Fabric and Wool Yarns

Pretreatment of granatum dye solution and its application in eco-dyeing of wool

Natural dyes attract attention due to their biodegradability and environmental compatibility. To improve the color depth and color fastness of granatum dyeing of wool fabrics, granatum dyes were pretreated by alkaline agent and the dyeing process was investigated. Granatum dyes were completely dissolved by salt-forming reaction in an alkaline environment, and after adjusting the pH to 3 with acetic acid, the dyes did not precipitate immediately but maintained high solubility during the dyeing process. When the amount of dyes used in the dyeing bath was 5% (o.w.f.), pH of the dye bath was 3, the dyeing temperature was 98 °C, the dyeing time was 90 min, the dyed wool fiber achieved the values of 9.04, 4, and 4–5 for the Integ value, color change and color stain, respectively. This paper presents an easy and effective route to obtain high color depth and good color fastness for wool by polyphenol plant dyes.

Synergistic SERS Enhancement of Highly Sensitive and Reusable rGO-Ag-ZrO2 Thin Film Nanocomposite to Detect Synthetic Textile Dyes.

The textile industry is one of the main industries that benefited from the industrial revolution. Therefore, discharging of dyes from textile, paper, plastic, and rubber industries is inevitable. This colored wastewater prevents sunlight penetration and highly affects water sources. Cationic dyes such as Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and Methylene Blue (MB) obstruct plant growth, and most of these dyes are nonbiodegradable. Thus, cationic dyes are observed to be more toxic than anionic and reactive dyes. It is a great challenge to mankind to detect and remove these toxic dyes from the aquatic ecosystem. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an emerging cost-effective technique for the detection of any analyte at trace levels. Further, it is very important to design a highly sensitive SERS substrate to detect toxic dyes in lower concentrations. Owing to the high cost of coinage metal SERS substrates, semiconductor-based SERS substrates have gained attention recently. Though pure semiconductors have poor SERS activity, incorporating metal and graphene derivatives can further improve their surface and optical properties and make them highly sensitive SERS active substrates. In order to address this, we attempted to synthesize a reduced graphene oxide/silver/zirconia (rGO-Ag-ZrO2) hybrid thin film nanocomposite using the facile liquid/liquid interface method for the first time. The synergistic SERS effect of the rGO-Ag-ZrO2 substrate is highly sensitive and efficient to detect R6G until 100 pM concentrations. The multifunctional and versatile application of the rGO-Ag-ZrO2 substrate, such as reusability by the photodegradation method and the detection of an antibiotic drug, was also explored for the first time.

Performance of CaO2-Based Processes for the Decolorization of a Reactive Textile Dye

Performance of CaO2-Based Processes for the Decolorization of a Reactive Textile Dye

Eco-Friendly Innovations in Textile Dyeing: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Dyes

Natural dyes have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their environmentally friendly properties and cultural significance. The reintroduction of natural dyes in the textile industry is largely driven by growing awareness of the adverse environmental impacts of synthetic dyes. This review aims to explore the historical significance, extraction processes, mordanting techniques, and recent advancements in natural dyeing, as well as the challenges associated with their use. By incorporating insights from various studies and reviews, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of natural dyes in textile dyeing.

Green dyeing of cellulose diacetate fabric with disperse dyes in a liquid paraffin medium.

The conventional method of dyeing cellulose diacetate (CDA) fabric with disperse dyes consumes significant amounts of fresh water and dispersants, contributing to environmental pollution and health hazards. This study explored the use of liquid paraffin as an alternative to aqueous mediums for dyeing CDA fabric with Disperse Blue 56 dyes, eliminating the need for dispersants. An L16 orthogonal array was used to optimize dyeing conditions based on the color strength values. The fabric properties were evaluated through several techniques. These include tensile strength, colorfastness to washing and rubbing, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. These findings highlight that the textile industry can adopt a practical and environmentally friendly technique for dyeing CDA fabric, leading to a significant reduction in pollution.

Ecological dyeing of cotton fabric with Areca catechu L. and Punica granatum L. Extracts

Ecological dyeing of cotton fabric with Areca catechu L. and Punica granatum L. Extracts