Dyed Wool Fabrics Research Articles

Assessment of dyed wool fabrics with henna as natural dye

Assessment of dyed wool fabrics with henna as natural dye

Bio-coloration and Antibacterial Function of Wool grafted with pomegranate peel polyphenols catalyzed by laccase

With the deterioration of environmental problems and world energy consumption, the improvement of textile dyeing has been paid more and more attention by researchers. The application of natural dyes in the dyeing of wool fabrics had become a research hotspot. However, the main drawback of the application of natural dyes lies in the poor color stability on wool fabrics. Therefore, research on environmentally and economically friendly dyeing processes has gained crucial importance. In this paper, the effect of pomegranate pigment on the functional dyeing of wool fabric under the catalysis of laccase was discussed. The dyeing effect of different methods on wool fabric was compared and the laccase catalytic dyeing process was optimized. Firstly, the properties of pomegranate peel pigment were analyzed by Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then the surface morphology and properties of wool fabric were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), microscope and FTIR. Lastly the function and stability of dyed wool fabric were tested by color characteristic value, UV resistance, antibacterial property, color fastness and tensile strength. The results showed that better dyeing effect of wool fabric were obtained by dyeing firstly with pomegranate peel and then catalysis with laccase. The optimum process of laccase catalysis was as follows: catalysis time 8 h, laccase dosage 3.3 U, temperature 50℃, pH 5. The results of SEM, FTIR and microscope tests showed that the phenolic compounds in the pigment of pomegranate peel was catalyzed by laccase to form the deepened coloration polymers and the phenolic polymers were finally combined with the wool fabric. Laccase-catalyzed dyed wool fabric showed good performance stability, such as color fastness to rubbing and soap-washing, strong antibacterial property, great enhancement of UV resistance and excellent tensile strength. The application of laccase in the natural dyeing process of textiles can provide a better way to improve the dyeing properties.

A facile approach to developing multifunctional archaeological wool fabric surface with self-cleaning, and UV protection properties using nano-coating

In most Egyptian museums and storage facilities, archaeological textiles face several difficulties, including liquid stains, light effects, and the effects of air pollution. The majority of them are the consequence of human intervention, inappropriate handling, and poor display techniques. This research aims to provide colorful archaeological wool fabric surfaces with UV irradiation protection and self-cleaning properties without compromising the fabric’s mechanical or aesthetic qualities. To preserve archaeological wool fabrics from different stains and harmful light radiation, two simple coating technologies (hydrophilic and hydrophobic coating) were developed for the first time. The experiment used empirically accelerated aging of natural dyed wool fabrics to produce textile models that were as analogous as possible to the archaeological textiles. In the first coating method, the surfaces of hydrophilic fabrics were created by coating wool samples with calcium-alginate and nanoscale metal oxide particles (Ca-ALG@metal oxide nanoparticles). In the second coating technique, SiO2 NPs@silicon rubber (SiO2 NPs@RTV) was applied to the wool fabrics to generate the surfaces of superhydrophobic wool fabrics. The impact of the two coating treatments was assessed on the physicochemical characteristics and preservative features of the treated and standard wool fabric samples, including mechanical characteristics, color, light radiation protection, and self-cleaning.

Chitosan/bentonite composite as a green mordant for Alkanna tinctoria root dyeing of wool fabrics

Chitosan/bentonite (CS/BT) composite material was used to pretreat wool fabric to optimize its dyeing performance. CS/BT composite was prepared and XRD patterns showed that chitosan intercalated between bentonite layers. The wool was pretreated with chitosan (CS) and CS/BT before dyeing with Alkanna tinctoria (AT) root. FTIR and SEM indicated that CS/BT can increase the positive surface charge of wool and be more evenly and densely distributed on wool fibers than CS. After treating wool with CS/BT, exhaustion rate of AT root increased from 40% to 80%, delta E value decreased from 3.79 NBS to 0.62 NBS. At the same time, there is no loss of color fastness and tensile strength while CS treated wool has varying degrees of loss in both aspects. In summary, BT/CS can be used as a green mordant for AT root dyeing wool to improve dyeing performance.

Preparing Multi-Functional Protein Textiles by the Flavonoid-Rich Ginkgo Biloba L. Leaf Extracts

ABSTRACT Flavonoids in ginkgo biloba L. leaf (abbreviated as GBL) extracts exhibited superior biological activity, but their light color limited their development in the field of textiles. Therefore, this work innovatively used GBL extracts as textile functional finishing agent, through exhaustion dyeing process endowed protein fabrics the multifunction. Flavonoids of GBL in protein fabrics showed outstanding rubbing and washing fastness, becuase of their formed strong affinity by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. Moreover, the flavonoid content on protein fibers was enhanced by the GBL extract concentration increase, treating time stretch, temperature improve. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy result that flavonoids in GBL extracts adsorbent the fibers. In addition, the treated protein fabrics possessed good antioxidant, antibacterial and heavy metal protective performance. Finally,GBL dyed silk fabrics exhibited stronger functionalities than GBL dyed wool fabrics. This work provides the methods that reuse GBL waste and functionalization of protein fabric.

An eco-friendly technique for shrink-resist finishing of dyed wool via combined use of hydrolase and cyclamate

Savinase 16L as a type of mature protease for shrink-resist finishing can effectively hydrolyze wool scales, but it is also easy to penetrate into the cell membrane complex (CMC) layer, even easily causing undesired fiber damages. In this study, Savinase 16L was combinedly used with a protective agent of cyclamate, achieving an increase in the size of enzyme protein molecules through the intermolecular forces. This combined operation was intended to make it difficult for protease to enter the CMC layer, conferring protease a more concentrated actions towards wool scales. Meanwhile, a commercial keratinase was applied for wool pretreatment to loosen the structural integrity by hydrolyzing the disulfide bonds in wool scales. The combination use of hydrolase (20 U/mL of keratinase, and 6.5 U/mL protease) and 10 g/L cyclamate endowed the dyed wool fabric with encouraging shrink-resist property, achieving a felting shrinkage of 5.4% ± 0.55% with an acceptable strength loss of 12.3% ± 1.2%. More importantly, color hue of the wool fabric almost did not change compared with to that with chlorination method. As an eco-friendly and energy-saving strategy, it provides an efficient alternative for shrink-resist finishing of white and dyed wool fabrics, and expands the application of biotechnology in wool industry.

Wool Fabric Dyeing with Natural Dye Extracted from Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Fruit

Wool Fabric Dyeing with Natural Dye Extracted from Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Fruit

Dyeing performance of wool fabric with natural pigment from Cordyceps militaris

As a sustainable and ecological dye resource, the biomass materials are receiving more and more attention. In this work, the pigments in Cordyceps militaris were extracted and applied for dyeing wool fabrics, and the various properties were investigated. The extracted pigments and dyed wool fibers were analyzed and characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The single-factor experiments were used to screen and optimize the dyeing process. Six metal mordants with different use order were compared with each other, and their possible mordanting mechanisms were proposed. The color fastnesses, UV resistance and antioxidant properties were evaluated after dyeing. The results showed that UV-Vis, LC-MS and FTIR analysis confirmed that the main components of C. militaris extract was lutein. The optimal dyeing process for the extract was as follows: dyestuff mass 200% (o.m.f.), dyeing temperature 90 °C, dyeing time 45 min, bath pH 5.0, Na2SO4 mass 0 g/L. Metal ions are added to form chelate bonds between the dyes and the fibers, further improving the color fastness. The dyed fabric exhibits excellent UV resistance and its UPF (Ultraviolet Protection Factor) value increases with the color yield. Meanwhile, the dyed wool fabric could exhibit up to 94.77% antioxidant activity. These results provide new insight for the application of C. militaris pigments on wool fabric.

Catechin-rich reddish-brown dye from cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) leaf for functionalizing herbal-anchored wool fabrics

Colorists are seriously worried about the long extraction time, low color yield and colorfastness of natural dye obtained via conventional extraction techniques. In this study, microwave (MW)-aided extraction technique was exploited as an alternative method to the conventional extraction technique. The cocoa leaf extraction parameters were varied for obtaining optimal extraction conditions. Likewise, dyeing and mordanting parameters were varied for achieving dyed wool fabric with preferred tint strength (K/S) and colorfastness. The colorimetric properties of MW-aided cocoa leaf extract (CL) dyed wool fabrics were compared to those of the conventional extract dyed fabrics. The antioxidant, antibiotic and ultraviolet protection properties (UPP) of un-dyed, MW-irradiated CL dyed and mordanted wool fabrics were evaluated for healthcare functional properties. MW-irradiation enhanced the dye yield by 33.82%, reduced the extraction time by 90% and increased tint yield by 44%. The optimal dyeing conditions were liquor ratio 1:20, pH 6, 45 min dyeing time and temperature of 65 °C. Post-mordanting with 5% Fe2+ and 9% Al3+ as chemical-mordants enhanced K/S and colorfastness of the dyed fabric from good to very good, while 3% neem and 7% moringa bark extract as herbal-anchors improved the dyed fabrics’ K/S and colorfastness from good to excellent. Dyeing enhanced the poor antioxidant and antibiotic properties of MW-irradiated fabrics to excellent, which was further boosted after mordanting process. All the fabrics possess desired UPP. Desired healthcare functional properties of MW-assisted CL dyed wool fabrics after fifth laundry cycle established CL extract as a potential future sustainable colorant for producing healthcare wears.

Valorization of Sulfonated Kraft Lignin as a Natural Dye for the Sustainable Dyeing of Wool Fabrics: Effect of Peroxide Oxidation

Valorization of Sulfonated Kraft Lignin as a Natural Dye for the Sustainable Dyeing of Wool Fabrics: Effect of Peroxide Oxidation

Dyeing wool fabrics with Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) leave extract by using IR dyeing machine

The use of agricultural waste is becoming more common with the spread of awareness of sustainable life. In the present study, different concentrations (10 gr/L, 15 gr/L, 20 gr/L) of aqueous extracts were obtained from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves as agricultural waste and fabrics containing 100% wool were coloured with these extracts by using infra-red dyeing machine. Aluminium, iron and copper based mordants, which are frequently used in natural dyeing, were added to the extracts. After dyeing process, colours in alluring brown, green and yellow tones were obtained in the fabrics. According to the spectrophotometer measurements, colour yield (K/S) of the samples increased proportionally with increasing concentrations. Washing and rubbing fastness of the dyed wool samples were good, except for the samples dyed with iron-based mordant added extract.

Ultrasonic-assisted sustainable pollution free advanced method for isolation of colouring material from Amba Haldi (Curcuma aromatica) for wool dyeing.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the colouring performance of Amba Haldi-based natural extracted yellowish colour for the dyeing of wool fabric using ultrasonic (US) treatments. Before and after the US treatment, the colourant was separated in aqueous and acidic solutions for up to 60 min. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate the surface morphology and chemical changes in the cloth before and after radiation. On the wool fabric that was ultrasonically treated at 75°C for 45 min, an acidic extract of Amba Haldi powder after US treatment for 20 min showed good colour depth (K/S). Acacia extract (2%), pomegranate extract (1.5%) and pistachio extract (1%), when used as pre-biomordants, were shown to have excellent colour strength. Acacia (1.5%) extract, pomegranate (2%) extract and pistachio (1.5%) extract were also used as post-biomordants. As pre-chemical mordants, Al salts (1%), Fe salts (1.5%) and tannic acid salts (2%), whereas Al salts (2%), Fe salts (1%) and tannic acid salts (2%), have produced successful results as post-chemical mordants. Overall, it was discovered that pomegranate extract (2%), used as a post-bio-mordant, and salt of Fe (1.5%), used as a post-chemical mordant, both exhibit exceptional colour strength. Ultrasonic treatment, a procedure that is harmless for the environment, has only served to increase the colour strength of dye on wool fabric, and the addition of bio-mordants has made the process more sustainable.

Microwave-assisted sustainable coloration of wool fabric using Rheum emodi-based natural dye

The use of natural colorants in modern dye factories is a potential green chemistry idea that should be widely promoted to minimize the dependency of wool dyeing on some hazardous and non-biodegradable synthetic colors. In this study, an effort was undertaken to see if Rheum emodi (rhubarb) extract might be used as a natural dye for wool dyeing for the replacement of synthetic dyes. The dyeing of wool fabric was carried out using microwave (MW) ray treatment. By combining several mordants, a stunning color palette of shades of varying hues and tones was created. Comparative evaluation of the effects of various chemical mordants (aluminum salt, iron salt, tannic acid and cream of tartar) and bio-mordants (pomegranate extract and pine nut hull extract) on the characteristics of dyed wool samples was carried out to choose the best mordant for each application. It was found that MW-treated wool fabric using a bio-mordant showed a higher colorfastness value of 4/5 to 5 and a color strength value of approximately 10–20 than using metallic mordant. Scanning electron microscopy photographs and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the difference between irradiated and unirradiated wool fabrics. The employment of MW rays and bio-mordants in the natural coloring of wool fabric is encouraged due to their biocompatibility and non-toxicity when combined with MW treatment of wool fabric, as well as their high colorfastness and color strength performance. As a result, naturally extracted dyes from rhubarb can be a replacement for synthetic dyes for the coloration of wool fabric in the textile industry due to their environmental friendliness.

Study on Dyeing Properties and Color Characteristics of Wool Fabrics Dyed with Geranium caespitosum L. Extract—A New Natural Yellow Dye

Natural dyes play an important role in sustainable dyeing processes. However, natural yellow dyes with good performance are rare. Traditional natural yellow dyes have issues, such as a narrow color range and poor light fastness. In this paper, a new natural yellow dye was extracted from a low-cost herb Geranium caespitosum L. (G. caespitosum). In addition, the dye composition was analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy. The dyeing process of G. caespitosum dye on wool fabrics was optimized using single-factor experiments. Standard fastness tests were conducted to evaluate the sunlight, washing, and rubbing fastness of the dyed fabrics. The color characteristics and color gamut range of the dyed fabrics were evaluated. The obtained colors were compared and assessed with Pantone Matching Systems and Chinese traditional colors. The results showed that phenolic acids and flavonoids were present in the G. caespitosum dye solution as yellow dye compounds. The best dyeing process for wool fabrics was meta-mordanting. The dyed fabrics were bright yellow at 60 °C and golden yellow at 90 °C. All the obtained colors were in the yellow-red range. According to the ISO color fastness standards, wool fabrics dyed with G. caespitosum dye had good color fastness ratings, particularly sunlight fastness. Therefore, G. caespitosum dye is a promising natural yellow dye that can be used for wool fabric dyeing. It has advantages over other known natural yellow dyes and has certain application value.

Dyeing of wool fabric with natural dye extracted from Dalbergia Sissoo using natural mordants

Natural dyes demand has increased due to their exceptional properties such as non-toxic, sustainable extraction methods, effluent free application and can be applied in mild dyeing condition as compared to synthetic dyes. The sustainable natural dyeing using Dalbergia Sissoo on wool has been achieved by use of bio-mordants such as Aloe Vera and Emblica Officinalis (Amla). These mordants have very low environmental impact as compared to metal mordants. The aim of the study is to extract natural dye from Dalbergia Sissoo bark and its application on wool fabric using natural mordants. Three techniques Pre, meta and post mordanting have been adopted and then wool fabric is dyed. The color strength (K/S values) observed much better in post mordanting technique than Pre and Meta mordanting techniques. Results have shown that using natural mordants not only improved the fixation of natural dyes but the antibacterial activity was also developed. This work is an approach towards the development of sustainable processing of textiles.

Optimized preparation and dyeing of Pterocarpus santalinus waste extract for enhancing healthy and environmental care performance of wool fabric

P. santalinus waste powders were utilized to prepare the aqueous extracts for the dyeing of wool fabric. The extraction and dyeing processes of P. santalinus were optimized for obtaining the dyed fabric with high color strength and flavonoids content. The antibacterial, antioxidant and aqueous Cr(VI) removal capacity of the dyed fabric was then examined and compared with other two plant (P. tinctorius and Lycium ruthenicum Murray) material extract dyed wool fabrics. The results indicated that the addition of ethanol in aqueous solvent could increase the content of colorants and flavonoid compounds in P. santalinus extract when soxhlet apparatus was used. The highest extraction effectiveness of P. santalinus was achieved at ethanol concentration of 80%. High dyeing temperature or low pH level caused an almost linear increment in color strength and flavonoid content of the dyed fabric. Optimum dyeing of wool fabric could be conducted when 35 mL of P. santalinus extract was used to prepare 100 mL of dyeing bath. The dyed fabric not only showed unique color, but also presented better antibacterial, antioxidant and Cr(VI) removal capacity, which were higher than those of the other two dyed fabrics. Increasing color strength or flavonoid content could enhance their functionalities.

An eco-friendly method of extracting alizarin from Rubia tinctorum roots under supercritical carbon dioxide and its application to wool dyeing

Because of its low critical temperature and pressure levels, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is the most widely used supercritical fluid in the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique. Alizarin was extracted from madder roots (Rubia tinctorum) using scCO2 under different conditions of co-solvent ratio (0–50%), temperature (45–95 °C), pressure (150–250 bar), extraction time (15–120 min), and flow rate (5–9 mL/min). Based on alizarin recovery and minimization of environmental risk, the optimum conditions were determined. SFE was optimum at 90% CO2:10% methanol (Me), 65 °C, 250 bar, 45 min, and 9 mL/min. The alizarin recovery, and its content in R. tinctorum extract (RE) under the optimum conditions were 1.34 g/kg roots, and 6.42%, respectively. Using conventional dyeing methods, wool fabrics were dyed with RE at different concentrations (2–6%). Various types of mordants were also used in the dyeing process, including chemical and bio-mordants. Color and fastness properties of dyed wool fabrics were evaluated based on RE concentration and mordant type. A higher RE concentration and the use of mordants, specifically Punica granatum (P. granatum) peels, increased the color characteristics. RE and dyed fabrics exhibited good antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli.

Investigation and feed‐forward neural network‐based estimation of dyeing properties of air plasma treated wool fabric dyed with natural dye obtained from Hibiscus sabdariffa

AbstractIn the colouring processes of textile products, more environmentally friendly chemicals and finishing methods should be used instead of conventional ones that harm the environment every day, so that alternative realistic ways to protect nature, both academically and industrially, could be possible. Due to some inconveniences caused by synthetic dyes that are widely used today, in this study, ultrasonic dyeing of wool fabric with Hibiscus sabdariffa was carried out after environmental‐friendly air vacuum plasma application which increased the absorption of the dyes into the textile material. According to the performance results, colour strengths of the wool fabrics were increased significantly. Surface morphology analysis was carried out and etching effects of air vacuum plasma treatment were clearly seen on the micrographs of the treated wool fabrics. An environmental‐friendly green process was achieved through this study and it was concluded that vacuum air plasma treatment could be an alternative green‐process as a pretreatment to increase the dye up‐take of natural dyeing treatment. Moreover, in this study, a feed‐forward neural network (FFNN) model was presented and used for predicting the dyeing properties (L, a, b and K/S) of samples. The experimental results showed that the presented model achieves the regression values greater than 0.9 for all dyeing properties. Consequently, it was considered that the proposed FFNN was successfully modelled and could be efficiently utilised for dyeing characteristics of wool fabrics dyed with natural dye extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa.

Salt-Free and Alkali-Free Fixing Method of Wool Fabric Dyeing in Non-Aqueous Media Dyeing System

Salt-Free and Alkali-Free Fixing Method of Wool Fabric Dyeing in Non-Aqueous Media Dyeing System

Fabrication of microwave silicified oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (SOCN) from Agro waste for sustainable multifunctional wool fabric coloration

Newly and highly silicified oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (SOCNs) from rice straw were prepared using a very fast and eco-friendly method. SOCN whiskers were prepared in a microwave reactor using ammonium persulfate. The reaction occurred in one step under the optimal conditions (concentration, liquor ratio, temperature, and time), saving time and energy. The isolated SOCN whiskers were used in a novel alternative dyeing technique to color wool fabric that further helps reduce the pollution caused by the textile coloration process (i.e., reducing the percentage of water consumed in the coloration process of wool fabric and wastewater effluent). The SOCNs and dyed wool fabric were fabricated using a range of techniques. Up to 60% less water was used in the coloring process than is necessary for conventional methods. The wool fabric dyed with SOCN whiskers has better color strength and fastness properties than conventional dyeing, as well as improved thermal stability and ultraviolet rays blocking activity without additional processing.