Dyed Wool Fabrics Research Articles

Optimized Dyeing Process for Enhancing the Functionalities of Spent Coffee Dyed Wool Fabrics Using a Facile Extraction Process.

Spent coffee grounds are the byproduct of coffee brewing and are generally discarded as waste. However, spent coffee has high levels of organic compounds that have multiple biological effects, including antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In this light, spent coffee grounds were tested for fabric dyeing to both functionalize as well as color the fabrics. The dyeing solution was prepared by extracting spent coffee grounds collected from a local coffee house by using a manual espresso machine. The spent coffee extract was applied to wool fabrics using a laboratory infrared dyeing machine. After the dyeing process was completed, the fabrics were mordanted with a tannic acid aqueous solution. To optimize the dyeing conditions, the times and temperatures during the process were varied, and the functionalities and other properties including color and strength of the wool fabrics dyed with the spent coffee extract were investigated. The wool fabrics dyed with the spent coffee extract were significantly colored, and the color withstands the effect of washing and light exposure. Moreover, the dyeing process with the spent coffee extract and the mordanting process with tannic acid gave the wool fabrics antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

The Development of Eco-Friendly Dye Microcapsules for Wool Fabric Dyeing Application

There is an urgent need to reduce the environmental impacts of wool fabrics dyeing process while maintain its dyeing effects. Microcapsule technology is a potential option which could be used to move towards cleaner production process and to cope with ever-increasing demands for wool fiber dyeing efficiency. Reactive dyestuff microcapsules were prepared via reverse-phase evaporation methods and then auxiliary-free dye microcapsules were used to dye the wool fabrics. Transmission electron microscope images and fourier transform infrared showed that dye microcapsules possessed a spherical core–shell structure with a diameter of about 500 ± 5 nm. The processing factors were analyzed and optimized by using response surface methodology to improve the encapsulation rate. Higher fixation rate (80.13% vs. 72.03%) of dyed wool fabric, while lower absorbance of dyestuff (0.071 vs. 0.96), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 190 mg/L vs. 1395 mg/L) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5, 83.5 mg/L vs. 649.3 mg/L) of residual wastewater were observed by using microcapsule dyeing, compared with conventional dyeing process. In addition, the results also demonstrated that the filtrated wastewater of microcapsule dyeing can be recycled as dyebath to replace distill water. Thus, we innovatively produced a novel dye microcapsule for wool fabric dyeing application, advancing greatly in reducing the discharge of contaminants to environment, but also in economizing water and energy resources.

Studies on dyeing and bacterial resistance of Dacryodes macrophylla extract on woollen fabric

The dyeing of wool fabric using a natural dye extracted from Dacryodes macrophylla has been studied using both conventional as well as ultrasonic dyeing methods. Natural dye was extracted using water as solvent by Soxhlet extraction method. The extracted color was characterized by spectroscopic studies like UV/Visible and further tested for antimicrobial activity (against Vibrio cholerae (MTCC3906), Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (MTCC733), Shigella flexneri (MTCC1457), Escherichia coli (MTCC119), Listeria monocytogenes (MTCC657) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96). It was observed that the water extract of D. macrophylla showed antimicrobial activities against S. enterica. The effect of mordants on the dyeing outcome in terms of colour depth as well as fastness properties of the dyeing was investigated. It has been found that employing all the three techniques of dyeing i.e., conventional dyeing at 100 oC and 80 oC as well as ultrasonicated dyeings conducted at 80 oC, the mordanted samples were deeper in depth than their unmordanted counterparts. The results of fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were fair to good. Depths of the shade and fastness properties in case of ultrasonic dyeing were found to be better compared to conventional dyeing. Dacryodes macrophyllaextract was found to enhance microbial resistance of wool as well as was itself as a good source of coloration. These textiles dyed with the natural dyes can be very useful in developing clothing for infants, elderly and infirm people to protect them against common infections.

Utilization of Rice Straw as a Source of Biomolecules for Sustainable Multifunctional Finishing Vis a Vis Dyeing of Wool

ABSTRACT Rice straw is a rich source of biomolecules which can be utilized in functionalization of textile fibers. In the present work, rice straw extract was utilized in functional coloration of wool fabric. The dyed wool samples were characterized by EDX, SEM, TGA and FTIR spectroscopy. The dyed wool fabrics were assessed for color parameters, fastness, antibacterial activity, UV protection, and flame retardant properties. The results showed that dyeing with rice straw extract in the presence of inorganic metal salts produces different elegant hues with acceptable fastness properties. Wool samples dyed with mordant ions also demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, high UV protection, and flame retardant effects. Our results clearly pointed out that rice straw extract could be used as an inexpensive yet effective textile dye and would be a feasible alternative for some synthetic agents in the development of protective clothing for various end uses.

A Computer Color-Matching Study of Reverse Micellar Dyeing of Wool with Reactive Dyes.

Computer color-matching (CCM) and the levelness of poly(ethylene glycol)-based reverse-micellar dyed wool fabrics in octane and nonane were investigated and compared with a conventional water-based dyeing system. Reflectance curves and calibration curves exhibited no chromatic change and maintained high linearity in both dyeing systems. The linearity of water-dyed calibration curves was slightly higher than that of the reverse-micellar dyed curves. The color yield, in term of K/Ssum values, of solvent-dyed samples was found to be generally higher than that of water-based dyed samples at various calibrated dye concentrations. The concentrations predicted by CCM were close to the theoretical concentrations for both dyeing methods. This indicates that octane- and nonane-assisted reverse-micellar dyeing of wool is able to generate color recipes comparable to the conventional water-based dyeing system. The solvent-dyed samples, measured by the relative unlevelness indices (RUI), exhibit good-to-excellent levelness, which is highly comparable with the water-dyed samples.

Developed functionalization of wool fabric with extracts of Lycium ruthenicum Murray and potential application in healthy care textiles

To develop healthy care textiles, Lycium ruthenicum Murray (abbreviated as LRM in the following) extracts were prepared in both different media and characterized, respectively for the functionalizing of wool fabric by an exhaustion dyeing process. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of both LRM dyed wool fabric were then investigated and compared. Enhanced effect of Fe ions as the post mordants on functionalities and durability of the dyed fabrics was also examined. The results indicated that LRM ethanol extract was found to contain more anthocyanins than LRM water extract. LRM dyed wool fabric showed antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Increasing color strength could enhance their functionalities. Treatment of Fe ions, especially Fe3+ led to the durable functionalities. Compared with the dyed wool fabric with Lycium barbarum L. extract, LRM dyed wool fabric exhibited strong functionalities.

Effects of tannin mordanting on coloring and functionalities of wool fabrics dyed with spent coffee grounds

A large amount of functional materials remain in spent coffee grounds and form discards in the coffee beverage industry. Moreover, the extract from these spent coffee grounds contains sufficient amounts of pigments that can be utilized for textile dyeing. Therefore, in this study, the coloring and functional development of textiles by application of spent coffee extracts to wool fabrics was investigated. For preparation of the dyed wool fabrics, spent coffee grounds were dried after collecting them from a local coffee house. They were then subjected to extraction using a manual espresso machine. The spent coffee extract was applied to wool fabrics using an infrared (IR) dyeing machine, and after dyeing, the wool fabrics were post-mordanted in various concentrations of aqueous tannin solutions. The color and surface properties of wool fabrics dyed with spent coffee extract were investigated using spectrophotometry and Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, respectively. And, their antibacterial and antioxidant capacities were also studied. The dyed wool fabrics were significantly brown in appearance, and their colorfastness to light improved upon mordanting with tannin. In addition, mordanting also improved the antibacterial and antioxidant capacity of the dyed wool fabrics.

Dyeing of Wool Fabric Using Natural Dye and Natural Mordant Extracts

Dyeing of Wool Fabric Using Natural Dye and Natural Mordant Extracts

Investigation of antibacterial properties of wool fabrics dyed with pine cones

Fashion and color are the foreground of the case in the first stage of the selection of textile products. That is why coloring in textiles has a great appeal. In particular, natural dyeing, which has caught up with new trends in recent times, has gained importance in this regard. In this study, pine cones were used in dyeing of wool fabrics with the help of five different mordanting agent and also mordant-free dyeings were performed too. Besides, wool fabrics dyed with pine cones have been evaluated in terms of light and washing fastnesses. It was found that different colors and shades can be obtained with the use of different mordanting agents and finally it was observed that pine cones can be used as a natural dye source. Moreover the antibacterial efficiencies of the dyed samples were investigated to see the effect of the used natural dye source and the mordanting agents. It was seen that the dyed samples have different antibacterial properties depending on the used mordanting agent and the bacteria tested on.

Surface Properties of Glucose‐Based Surfactants and Their Application in Textile Dyeing with Natural Dyes

AbstractIn this study, propylene glycol‐based glycosides were obtained using an acetalization reaction in which glucose was first reacted with propylene glycol. Subsequently, the propylene glycol glycoside was reacted with alkyl glycidyl ether of varying carbon chain lengths (i.e., 08‐G, 10‐G, 12‐G, 14‐G, and 16‐G) to synthesize a series of glucose‐based biodegradable surfactants. The experimental results show that the surface activity of the C8–C12 glucose‐based surfactants increases with the carbon chain length. However, the surface activity of the C14–C16 glucose‐based surfactants decreased as the carbon chain length increased. Among all the surfactants, the C12 glucose‐based surfactant exhibited the most efficient emulsification ability, lowest surface tension, lowest fluorescence intensity, highest zeta potential, and good emulsification stability. The glucose‐based surfactants were used as additives in natural plant dyes made from turmeric or henna to dye wool fabrics. Higher color strengths were observed in the C14 glucose‐based surfactant.

Novel sustainable synthesis of dyes for clean dyeing of wool and cotton fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide

A new synthetic route was developed to create an azo-based reactive disperse dye containing the vinyl sulphonyl reactive group. This dye was used to colour wool and cotton fibres using scCO2 as the dyeing medium. The optimum dyeing process was carried out with water pre-treatment at 90 °C and 140 bar during a 60 min dyeing time. Under optimal conditions, which are relatively moderate for supercritical dyeing processes, the dyed wool fabrics produced uniform dyeings with high colour strength and fastness properties. These wool dyeings provided good colour strength and fixation properties (fixation of 99.4%). Cotton also showed good colour strength results. Crucially, the process did not produce any dyeing effluent. Furthermore, there is a potential to modify a wide scope of disperse dyes using the thiol group via this synthetic method without the need for further purification.

An Economical Dyeing Process for Cotton and Wool Fabrics and Improvement their Antibacterial Properties and UV protection

ABSTRACTEnvironmental, economic concerns, and prolonged human exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation have created an increasing demand for natural dyestuff. A study on the cotton and wool fabrics functionality to achieve UV protection and antibacterial properties was carried out by aqueous extract of barberry roots and red onion skin as the natural dyes. The alkaloid berberine extracted from the fruits of Berberis vulgaris and flavonoids and anthocyanin from red onion skin (Alliumcepa L) are natural dyes with antibacterial activity, UV protection and available as waste materials. The properties of dyed wool and cotton fabrics with these two natural dyes and two dyeing methods (exhaustion and ultrasonic) such as their color fastness, color intensity, and antibacterial efficacy ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) were investigated in this research. The results confirmed that the high level of antibacterial activity and (UPF) values of dyed wool fabrics with barberry roots and red onion skin and they are more than the dyed cotton fabrics in the same condition and has better result with the ultrasonic method. So by combining two dyestuff and ultrasonic method, on cotton dyeing, the level of antibacterial activity and UPF value increased.

Effect of Pre-Treatment by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on Inkjet Dyeing of Wool Fabric

Effect of Pre-Treatment by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet on Inkjet Dyeing of Wool Fabric

Economically viable UV-protective and antioxidant finishing of wool fabric dyed with Tagetes erecta flower extract: Valorization of marigold

Technological advancements and upgraded human choices have opened scientific ways to utilize ecofriendly and never ending natural resources. Natural dyeing compounds extracted from plants, well known for various biological activities, are playing significant role for the growing demands of textile industrial and healthcare sectors. Marigold (Tagetes erecta), a multipurpose plant, is utilized for wool functionalization; coloration, UV protection and antioxidant finishing. Carotenoid compounds of marigold aqueous extract produced natural yellow shades on wool fabric of good color and fastness properties. Obtained color palettes were broadened with the application of metallic salt mordants. UV protection ability of dyed wool fabric was assessed in terms of UPF (UV protection factor) and UV transmittance values in ultra-violet region (UV-A and UV-B). More adsorbed dye compounds on wool accordingly increased the activity from 6.85 to 50+ in terms of UPF values and much lowered UV transmittance (less than 5%). Application of mordants enhanced dye adsorption via increased active sites through coordination bonding and improved activity simultaneously. UV radiations hazardous effect is also associated with oxidative stress by free radicals production. Carotenoids abstract peroxy free radicals, and extended conjugation in their chemical structure makes a stable entity (carbon centered free radical) via resonance stabilization. Dye concentration and metallic mordants positively affected antioxidant activity owing to more compounds adsorption.

Fungal dyes for textile applications: testing of industrial conditions for wool fabrics dyeing

:Natural dyes and pigments have been proposed as an eco-friendly alternative to artificial pigments. Among the diverse organisms able to synthesize natural dyes and pigments, several wood inhabiting fungi produce extracellular compounds which have been tested to dye fabrics at laboratory conditions with good results. However, the dyeing conditions used at laboratory level not necessary meet the real conditions in which dyeing of fabrics is conducted at industrial level. In this work, yellow and red dyes producing fungi, Penicillium murcianum and Talaromyces australis, respectively, were isolated from wood samples and used to dye wool fabrics at conditions of temperature, pH, additives, and equipment similar to those used at industrial level. After dyeing treatments, color fastness to washing, wet and dry rubbing, and tensile strength were tested. Satisfactory results were found when the dyes were used individually and mixed to different proportions. According to the results, natural dyes synthesized by these two wood inhabiting fungi have great potential to be used for dyeing of wool at industrial level.

Synthesis and characterization of cationic carbon black pigment with quaternary ammonium groups and its dyeing properties for wool fabrics

In this paper, the cationic carbon black pigment with quaternary ammonium groups was fabricated via the quaternization reaction of N,N-dimethyldodecylamine and epichlorohydrin-modified CB@SiO2 core-shell structure composites. The CB@SiO2 composites were prepared by stöber method using tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursor and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles as core. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques (SEM & TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction method (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential and particle size distribution were employed to characterize the structure and properties of the cationic CB pigment as well as the intermediates. When the molar ratio of TEOS to epichlorohydrin to N,N-dimethyldodecylamine was 1:2.5:2.5, the zeta potential of the cationic CB pigment in aqueous dispersion reached the maximum +48 mv. The average diameter of the cationic CB pigment was ca. 45 nm with ca. 9 nm thickness of shell. Wool fabrics were dyed with the optimum cationic CB pigment through exhaust dyeing process. The L*a*b* values and the color appearance of dyed wool fabrics showed that the cationic CB-dyed wool fabrics had darker black and better fastness properties than the pristine CB-dyed wool fabrics.

Microwave-assisted sustainable dyeing of wool fabric using cochineal-based carminic acid as natural colorant

ABSTRACTThe revival of natural dyes in textiles is gaining popularity due to their sustainable nature. The current study has been undertaken to improve the dyeing behaviors of cochineal-based natural dye (carminic acid) for wool dyeing under the influence of microwave treatment. For the purpose, wool fabric and extract obtained from cochineal insects (Dactylopius coccus costa) were irradiated for 1–6 min. The nature of dye bath (pH) and dyeing temperature were optimized using optimal irradiation conditions. To make dyeing process more sustainable and eco-friendly, bio-mordants and chemical mordants have been employed at optimal conditions. It is found that microwave treatment of extraction for 5 min is suitable to get darker shades with acceptable color characteristics using unirradiated wool fabric. K/S was found using acidic dye bath of cochineal insect of pH 1 for dyeing unirradiated fabric at 70°C using acidic extract of Cochineal bugs. Suggested ISO standards for color fastness revealed that 5% of henna and 3% pomegranate as bio-mordant have not only given high color depth but also rated excellent fastness properties as compared to chemical mordants used. It is found that MW treatment has not only improved the dyeing behavior of carminic acid but also enhanced the color characteristics.

A Note on the Dyeing of Wool Fabrics Using Natural Dyes Extracted from Rotten Wood-Inhabiting Fungi

Fungal isolates obtained from rotten wood samples were identified and selected by their ability to produce fungal dyes in liquid media. Fungal isolates produced natural extracellular dyes with colors ranging from red to orange, yellow and purple. Dyes from two of these fungi, Talaromyces australis (red) and Penicillium murcianum (yellow), were extracted and used to dye wool samples in a Data Color Ahiba IR Pro-Trade (model Top Speed II) machine. The protein nature of wool interacted well with the fungal dyes producing colors suitable for textile applications when used to a concentration of 0.1 g·L−1. Results on color fastness when washing confirmed the affinity of the dyes with wool as the dyed samples kept their color in acceptable ranges after washing, without the implementation of mordanting pretreatments or the use of fixing agents.

An ecofriendly phosphorylation of wool using Maillard reaction for improving cationic dye absorption

Abstract Phosphorylated wool with enhanced ability to absorb cationic dyes is helpful to dye wool fabrics using cationic dyes with good dyeing properties, which is more economic and ecofriendly compared to the traditional dyeing process of acid dyes with poor wet fastness. Phosphorylation can be performed by applying chemical reagents which tend to cause a problem of environmental pollution and the fibers can be damaged seriously under harsh reaction conditions, or using enzymes which are currently somewhat discouraged due to significant cost of the enzymes and their decreased stability at the reaction conditions. In this study, non-toxic glucose 6-phosphate was applied to phosphorylated modification of wool via Maillard reaction under a mild condition to enhance the dyeing properties of wool fabric for cationic dyes. The reaction between glucose 6-phosphate and wool keratin was demonstrated from the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), particle diameter, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray test (EDS). It was found that phosphorylation modification scarcely changed the mechanical properties of the wool fabric. Maillard browning on the wool could be avoided by accurately controlling the reaction time. Dyeing properties of phosphorylated wool fabric with cationic dyes were markedly enhanced. The exhaustion of phosphorylated wool fabric for two cationic dyes: Cationic Brilliant Red 5 GN and Brilliant Yellow B 6 GL increased from 38.6% to 18.9%–84.5% and 67% respectively by comparing with that of the wool fabric without modification and better color strength (K/S) and very good wash fastness properties obtained. The results indicated that phosphorylated modification of wool with glucose 6-phosphate could be a potential, safe and cleaner approach to develop a more efficient and economic dyeing process for wool fibers with cationic dyes.

Eco-dyeing with biocolourant based on natural compounds.

Biomass pigments have been regarded as promising alternatives to conventional synthetic dyestuffs for the development of sustainable and clean dyeing. This investigation focused on in situ dyeing of fabrics with biopigments derived from tea polyphenols via non-enzymatic browning reaction. The average particle size of dyed residual liquor with natural tea polyphenol was 717.0 nm (ranging from 615.5 to 811.2 nm), and the Integ value of dyed wool fabrics was the greatest compared to those of counterparts. In addition, the Integ values of dyed fabrics with residual liquor were much bigger than those with the first reaction solutions when dyed by identical dyeing liquor. As a result, the dyeing process could be carried out many times because the concentration of the residual liquor was relatively superior. All dyed fabrics acquired admirable rubbing as well as washing fastness, and the relevant dyeing mechanism has been analysed in the paper.