Dyed Cotton Fabrics Research Articles

Salt-free dyeing of cotton fabric and adsorption of reactive dyes in non-aqueous dyeing system: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics

Salt-free dyeing of cotton fabric and adsorption of reactive dyes in non-aqueous dyeing system: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics

Influence of NaOH concentration on the decolorization of crystal violet dyed cotton fabric

Synthetic dye removal is a topic of increasing interest as textile recycling has become more popular in industries. While methods involving dye removal from wastewater effluent have been widely studied and reported on, research on decolorization of fabric itself remains quite unknown. In regard to the lack of research, this study presents cotton fabric samples dyed with crystal violet (CV) that were treated with varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Fabric decolorization was studied using several characterization methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy data showed that the cellulose structure remained unchanged after CV and NaOH treatment. Characteristic CV peaks in the FTIR and Raman spectra were apparent only in the control sample, while the spectra of NaOH-treated samples were very similar to that of the cotton fabric. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) data also confirmed that the crystallite size of cellulose was not affected by CV and NaOH treatment. A visible violet hue remained in all NaOH-treated samples, though CV intensity was inversely proportional to NaOH concentration. The L*a*b* values were utilized to complement characterization results. As the concentration of NaOH was increased, the CIELAB parameters aligned more with those of the plain untreated fabric.

An ecofriendly dyeing of nylon and cotton fabrics in supercritical CO2 with novel tricyanopyrrolidone reactive disperse dye

A reactive disperse dye with tricyanopyrrolidone coupled with triazine reactive group (CNU-CY) was designed and successfully synthesized from commercially inexpensive starting materials. CNU-CY was characterized and confirmed by FT-IR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H and 13C) and high-resolution mass spectra. Further, color characteristics were determined by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. On the other hand, dyeing experiments were conducted on nylon and cotton fabrics by using an eco-friendly supercritical CO2 fluid medium. The dyeing experiment results revealed excellent color strength, and dye fixation on both nylon and cotton fabrics. This is mostly due to the formation of a strong chemical bond between the fabric and reactive disperse dye. Hence, these results are suggesting to develop a wide variety of reactive disperse dyes (for nylon and cotton fabrics) having various kinds of functional groups on tricyanopyrrolidone moiety via simple synthetic methods and hopefully useful for eco-friendly supercritical CO2 dyeing for the synthetic and natural fabrics in the textile industry.

Continuous Pad Dyeing of Cotton Fabric in a Non-Aqueous Medium for Realizing Ultra-High Fixation and Washing-Free

Continuous Pad Dyeing of Cotton Fabric in a Non-Aqueous Medium for Realizing Ultra-High Fixation and Washing-Free

Combination of Pre- and Post-Mercerization Processes for Cotton Fabric.

The dyeing process commonly deteriorates the luster of pre-mercerized cotton fabric, so post-mercerization processes are regularly applied to compensate for this. Herein, the influence of combining pre-mercerization with CS (caustic solution) or LA (liquid ammonia) and post-mercerization with CS or LA on the morphological structure, dyeing performance, tensile strength, and stiffness of woven cotton fabric was investigated. The crystallinity index values greatly decreased from 73.12 to 51.25, 58.73, 38.42, and 40.90% after the combined mercerization processes of LA–LA, CS–CS, LA–CS, and CS–LA, respectively. Additionally, the CS–LA- and LA–CS-treated samples exhibited a mixture of cellulose II and cellulose III allomorphs. The combined mercerization processing of cotton fabric resulted in slightly worse thermal stability. The LA and CS pre-mercerization processes increased the dye exhaustion, although the former decreased the dye fixation rate while the latter increased it by 4% for both dyes. The color strength of the dyed cotton fabric increased after both post-mercerization processes. Moreover, the fabric stiffness and mechanical properties showed an increasing trend due to the combined mercerization efforts.

Surface Chemical Analysis of C.I. Leuco Sulfur Black 1 Dyed Cotton Fabric Sequentially after-treated with Cationic Fixing Agent and Tannin

Surface Chemical Analysis of C.I. Leuco Sulfur Black 1 Dyed Cotton Fabric Sequentially after-treated with Cationic Fixing Agent and Tannin

Phenolic Compounds, Dyeing Potential, and Cytotoxic Activity ofAlkanna orientalisL. Boiss (Boraginaceae)

Dyeing of cotton, viscose, wool, and polyester/viscose blended fabrics has been carried out with the aqueous extract of the roots of Alkanna orientalis plant. Fastness properties and color strength values were investigated in terms of users. Phenolic compounds and cytotoxic activities of ethanol (EtOH) and water extracts were determined. It was found that cotton fabric dyed with the aqueous extract of the roots of A. orientalis plant in the presence of alum mordant gave better depth of shade (K/S). The toxicity studies reveal that the EtOH and the water extracts of the root of A. orientalis exhibited 0% cytotoxicity while the standard cancer drug 5-fluorouracil exhibited 6% cytotoxicity. The overall results of this study show that the roots of A. orientalis can be used in the textile industry, especially for dyeing cotton fabrics.

OPTIMIZATION OF REACTIVE DYEING PROCESS FOR CHITOSAN TREATED COTTON FABRIC

The colour of textiles plays an important role in the marketability of fabrics, due to its psychological and eye-catching effects on consumers. Synthetic dyes are widely used in the textiles industry due to their ability to reproduce different colours and shades, easy application method and huge production to fulfill the demands of ever-increasing population. Reactive dyes are most commonly used for cotton fabric, due to their brilliant colours and good washing fastness. However, the major problem with reactive dyes is that they consume huge amounts of alkali or salts as mordant for the fixation of dyes on cotton fabric. Most of the commercial dyeing units and textile export houses have started seeking possibilities to use safe synthetic dyes for dyeing different textiles for targeting the niche market. For that purpose, appropriate standardized scientific dyeing techniques and procedures need to be adopted. In the present study, the use of chitosan as mordant, instead of alkali or salt, was investigated for dyeing cotton fabric with reactive red dye, and the dyeing variables were optimized to attain the maximum colour strength value. The results of study showed that higher percent dye absorption (78.90%), colour strength (18.72) and good wash fastness rating (4/5) were achieved for the chitosan treated dyed fabric, compared to the alkali treated dyed sample (68.36% and 13.03, respectively).

감과 쪽의 천연염색 배색직물의 색채감성과 색채선호도에 대한 한국인과 중국인의 비교 연구

This study was performed to compare the color emotion and preference of Koreans and Chinese for a twocolor combination by dyeing cotton fabric with persimmon and indigo and to establish prediction models of color preference. Nine specimens prepared by combining two different colored fabrics (persimmon and indigo) were evaluated for color emotion and preference by Korean and Chinese groups of female college students. Koreans described most specimens as natural and traditional, whereas the Chinese described them as more pleasant and elegant as well as warmer and lighter than Koreans did. The contrast tone was the most preferred combination by both groups, whereas it was perceived as more modern and less warm by Koreans. Relationships between physical color variables and color emotions were quantified; these relationships were applied to establish a prediction model of color preference with tone combination types for each group. These results could help in making the design of fashion textiles more preference- and emotion-oriented for Korean and Chinese consumers.

Screening of Natural Dyes from Selected Fungal Species

Some fungi are observed as effective pigments. Its importance in the production of natural pigments has grown significantly. The pigment-producing fungi were developed and evaluated for application in dyeing cotton fabric. In the research, five fungal strains were identified as Aspergillus terreus S10, Talaromyces atroroseus WW5A3, Penicillium oxalicum WW3A4 (DG), WW5C2 and WW31DG. These strains were incubated for 21 days under static and non-static conditions using MSM and PDB media. Under liquid state fermentation conditions, the production of the pigments by the fungus was improved by altering temperatures (25-35°C) and pH (4.5-6.5). T. atroroseus WW5A3 showed pinkish color, A. terrreus S10 displayed yellow color, P. oxalicum WW3A4 (DG) presented yellowgreenish, WW5C2 exhibited light yellow color and WW31DG demonstrated greenish color. The results showed the maximum percentage absorbance of T. atroroteus WW5A3 showed 90.36 % at 600 nm, A. terrreus S10 showed 88 % at 500 nm, P. oxalicum WW35A4 showed 46.04 % at 550 nm, WW5C2 showed 59.60 % at 550 nm, and WW31DG showed 81.9 % at 550 nm. The natural fungal pigments were tested against bacterial pathogens to check the antibacterial activity. The results indicated that S. aureus and E. coli exhibited antibacterial activity in terms of maximum zone of inhibition. In conclusion, out of five pigments producing fungi, Aspergillus terreus S10 and Talaromyces atroroseus produced maximum pigment and highest percentage absorbance under liquid state fermentation conditions. Potential applications in the textile and leather industries have been discovered as a result of this research.

Ecological dyeing of cotton fabric with Matricaria recutita L. in the presence of human hair keratins as an alternative copartner to metallic mordants

A growing interest is being nowadays shown in sustainable and green textile dyes aimed at reducing the adverse environmental impacts associated with unsafe materials. It is the objective of the present work to salvage human hair waste by using renewable plant materials and herbaceous dyes. For this purposes, human hair keratin is used as a novel low-cost bio-agent to improve the affinity of natural colorants to cellulosic materials and Matricaria recutita flower extract as an agricultural dye not only to reduce the waste released into the environment but also to produce biocompatible products with value added properties. The influence of the main dyeing conditions on the performances of this dyeing process were studied. The energy of the hydrogen bond and the hydrogen bonding distance of dyed samples were also estimated by the (OH) stretching band. It is found that while M. recutita might serve as an abundant and environmentally safe source of natural dye, hair keratin used as a modification agent could improve cotton fabric dyeability toward M. recutita extract. The bio-textiles thus obtained exhibit good properties of light and wash fastness due to their hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic properties. Moreover, the samples subjected to the proposed pre-treating and dyeing technique offer improved UV protection. The use of biodegradable human hair keratin as a new sustainable modification agent in cotton dyeing process resulted not only in improving of dye uptake of cotton fabrics but also will be helpful in minimizing the environmental problem of hair waste and byproducts. Hence, the proposed novel approach might serve as an excellent and economical replacement for the common dyeing procedures as it alters the microstructure of cotton materials at no environmental costs.

Natural Dyeing of Modified Cotton Fabric with Cochineal Dye.

Natural dyes are not harmful to the environment owing to their biodegradability. For dye application to textiles, salts are necessary as mordant or electrolytes and make an environmental impact. In this paper, the influence of cationization during mercerization to the dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dye from Dactylopius coccus was researched. For this purpose, bleached cotton fabric as well as fabric cationized with Rewin OS was pre-mordanted using iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) and dyed with natural cochineal dye with and without electrolyte addition. For the characterization of surface changes after cationization, an electrokinetic analysis on SurPASS was performed and compared to pre-mordanting. For determination of dye exhaustion, the analysis of dye solution was performed on a UV/VIS spectrophotometer Cary 50 Solascreen. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed using a Datacolor 850 spectrophotometer, measuring remission ”until tolerance” and the whiteness degree, color parameters, color depth (K/S), and colorfastness of dyed fabric were calculated. Levelness was determined by visual assessment. Cationized cotton fabrics showed better absorption and colorfastness. Pre-mordanting and cationization showed synergism. The electrolytes improved the process of dye absorption. However, when natural dyeing was performed on cotton fabric cationized during mercerization, similar chromacity, uniform color, and colorfastness were achieved with and without electrolyte, resulting in pure purple hue of cochineal. For achieving a violet hue, pre-mordanting with Fe-salt was needed. Therefore, salt can be reduced or even unnecessary, which makes this process of natural dyeing more environmentally friendly.

Toward improved performance of reactive dyeing on cotton fabric using process sensitivity analysis

PurposeThe conventional textile dyeing process requires various operational characteristics, and determining the most reliable factor in dyeing performance has always been a challenge for the textile industry. Thus, the present paper aimed to evaluate the process sensitivity of C. I. Reactive Blue 194 dyeing of cotton fabric using a statistical technique.Design/methodology/approach An L27 orthogonal array-based Taguchi's methodology was used with six parameters and three levels of each parameter. The signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance were studied using total fixation efficiency (T%) as the response of the process sensitivity.Findings Results showed that dyebath pH was the most influential factor on the process and total fixation efficiency (p-value = 0.00 and contribution percentage 45.03%), followed by dye-fixing temperature, dye mass, electrolyte concentration, dye-fixing time and material to liquor ratio.Originality/value Overall this study provides a foundation for the determination of dyeing process sensitivity that will be useful in textile industries toward further development.

Tailoring body surface infrared radiation behavior through colored nanofibers for efficient passive radiative heating textiles

• The IR emissivity is decreased by reducing fiber diameter to the nanoscale. • The light scattering adjustment improved the color depth of the nanofiber fabric. • The textile has 50% of high solar absorption and 15% of low IR emittance. • The textile keeps the human body temperature at 33–35 ℃ in cold outdoor ambient. Passive radiative heating textile offers an energy-saving pathway to increase body temperature in cold weather. However, the basic properties of clothing, such as color and comfort, are usually overlooked in the design of radiative heating materials, because conventional fiber materials cannot meet the needs of infrared thermal management. Herein, we achieved low infrared emissivity of the textile by reducing the fiber diameter to the submicron level through electrospinning. The electrospun polymer molecules can achieve uniform mixing with dye molecules during the preparation of the spinning solution. And the color depth of the prepared polyacrylonitrile nanofiber (NanoPAN) fabric can be turned by a scalable solvent impregnation method. Through compounding the Ag coating layer, the colored NanoPAN/Ag textile shows high solar energy utilization of 50% and low mid-infrared (IR) emittance of 15%, realizing superior IR heating performance. The resulted NanoPAN/Ag textile maintains human body temperature at 33–35 ℃ at a cold ambient temperature of 14 ℃, while, in the case of using dyed cotton fabrics, the body temperature will drop below 33 ℃. Moreover, due to the use of nanofiber, the colored NanoPAN/Ag textile has outstanding water vapor transmission rate, water evaporation rate, breathability and mechanical stability, exhibiting great potential for practical application in infrared thermal management textile.

Absorption of dyes from mixed fungi by cotton fabric with distinct mordants and dyeing pH

Cotton fabrics processed in dyes with different mordants and staining pH might alter colors variation and dye absorption. A recent study showed a mixture of Aspergillus and Paecilomyces can be used to dye cotton fabric using five different mordant chemicals, CuSO4.5H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, KAl (SO4)2.12H2O, K2Cr2O7, and MnSO4.H2O, and three distinctive dyeing pH (3, 7, and 11). Both fungi were collectively cultured on mineral salt glucose medium to a stationary stage in dark conditions for four weeks. The RHS color chart was used to determine the color of the filtrate and the spectrum of colors created on dyed materials. The results suggested that the color development and dye absorption of the fabrics were greatly affected by chemical compounds of mordant and the acidity degree of the dyeing process. The pH of the dyeing process has a greater impact on the absorption of fungal dyes by cloth than the mordant. Colors formed on cotton fabric can add colors variation to textile dyeing.

Development of High-Performance Non-Foaming Cationic Soap-Washing Agent through the Copolymerization of N-Vinylpyrrolidone with 2-(Dimethyalamino) Ethyl Methacrylate for Wash-off Reactive Dyed Cotton Fabric

Reactive dyes are generally used for the coloration of cotton fabric. However, hydrolyzed/unfixed dyes are generated and fail to react with fibers, which are responsible for decreasing the colorfastness and creating undesirable color migration among fabrics during washing. So, after dyeing is finished, an effective wash should be carried out to remove additional and unfixed dyes with an effective soap-washing agent. Thus, the soap-washing agent plays a significant role during wash-off and also can avoid undesirable effects such as colorfastness, shade variation, stains, etc. Hence, in this article, a series of cationic soap-washing agents were prepared by copolymerizing N-vinylpyrrolidone with DMAEMA, and the working efficiencies were evaluated. All the samples were washed using different soap-washing agents for 30 minutes under 90? temperatures. It was found that the pH factor greatly influences the unfixed dye removal efficiencies in washing liquors and the concentration of the soap-washing agent. The best washing result for removing unfixed dyes was obtained for V/D5/SDS2 soap-washing agent for 1g/L at pH 7 in liquors. The soap-washing agent effectively removes unfixed dye and can prevent color migration among fabrics during wash-off. The characteristics were analyzed by Data color650 spectrophotometer, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Dry and wet rubbing fastness, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Eco-friendly dyeing and finishing of organic cotton fabric using natural dye (gardenia yellow) reduced-stabilized nanosilver: full factorial design

Eco-friendly dyeing and finishing of organic cotton fabric using natural dye (gardenia yellow) reduced-stabilized nanosilver: full factorial design

Application of fungi resistance on cotton fabric using aloe vera active component

PurposeThis paper aims to prevent cotton textiles from fungi damage using eco-friendly aloe vera leaf extract, which was applied at a minimum amount, and cost-effective material.Design/methodology/approachBatch extraction method using methanol solvent; phytochemical analysis was investigated and three-level factorial design of experiment and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the optimization of 27 test runs. The finish was applied by pad-dry-cue at distinct concentrations, and the chemical property after treatment was studied. Colorfastness and coordinates are analyzed. Cotton fabrics were cultured with Fusarium oxysporum fungi and the anti-fungal property was examined and reported according to AATCC 30–2004 standard.FindingsThe maximum yield of extract was at an optimum volume of 200 ml, 65 °C for 120 min. The effective antifungal fabric was achieved with minimum concentrations. There was significant strength loss in warp and weft direction. The treatment results in yellow-colored cotton fabric with fastness grade 3. The antifungal effect is durable until fifteen washes as the tensile strength losses were less than 1%.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this work were based on samples considered in the laboratory. However, it can be reproducible at the factory production scale the treatment has the potential of yielding yellow dyed cotton fabric with multifunctional finishing.Practical implicationsThe treated fabric is against Fusarium oxysporum Fungi which is one of the vital antimicrobial properties of textile apparel products for various areas of application.Social implicationsThe natural extract material applied to a textile material is eco-friendly effective against microbes of cotton seeds during cultivation and apparel end-uses.Originality/valueThe work application of fungi resistance on cotton fabric using aloe vera active component was original; this work provides extraction of the active agent from aloe vera leaf, which is optimized statically and successfully applied for anti-fungal activity on cotton fabric.

Eco-Friendly Procedure for Rendering the Antibacterial and Antioxidant of Cotton Fabrics via Phyto-Synthesized AgNPs With Malva sylvestris (MS) Natural Colorant.

There is a growing interest for producing multifunctional cellulose fabrics using green and sustainable technology. In this study, we explored an eco-friendly procedure for dyeing cotton fabrics with Malva sylvestris (MS) as a natural colorant and rendering antibacterial cotton fabric by the silver nanoparticles. MS colorants were extracted from dried petals in water using the ultrasound technique, cotton fabrics were dyed with the extracted MS colorant at 100°C for 90 min. The colorimetric data and colorfastness properties were investigated in the absence and presence of tannic acid (TA) as a bio-mordant. Results indicated that MS dye had a high potential for reducing the silver nitrate, so that the silver particle size distribution on cotton fabric was obtained 50–80 nm, and TA had a positive effect on the MS extract and reduced Ag on the cotton. Furthermore, the reduction of bacterial growth of the dyed cotton considerably (up to 99%) improved by AgNPs. The wash-, and light-fastness properties of samples dyed with MS were enhanced from moderate to good-very good by mordanting.

Performance Evaluation and Statistical Analysis of Color Parameters for the Modified and Dyed Cotton Fabric

In this study, the reactive composite (N-methylolated-PAam-GG) onto cotton fabrics in the presence of a catalyst (i.e., ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride) had been prepared, and it was fixed with various conditions of time and temperature, and then dyeing these modified cotton fabrics with the madder as a natural dye. Spectral reflectance, color coordinates, and color differences were measured. Then, the Kubelka–Munk equation was used to determine and evaluate the fixation onto dyed modified cotton fabrics and then study the statistically analyzed results using one-way ANOVA. The existing relationships had been detected with the change of both times (3 and 5 min.), temperature (120,140 and 160°C) with two catalysts used (i.e., ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride) by the conventional method for the assessment of natural dye onto the modified cotton fabrics if a known concentration of the same dye, is available for comparison. We found that the modified cotton fabrics were fixed with ammonium sulfate at 140°C for 5 min. exhibited a higher color fixed with the madder as a natural dye in all color parameters, color coordinates, and color difference.