Dyed Wool Fabrics Research Articles

Wool – A Colour–difference Analysis of Fastness–test Data

The possibility of replacing visual assessments of the colour change of dyed wool fabrics subjected to a standard washing test with instrumentally measured colour differences is examined. Washing tests on a wide range of dyeings on Superwash wool were carried out, and the colour difference AE between the washed and unwashed patterns was calculated in AN40 units. The results were compared with routine visual assessments of three observers. Good agreement on ‘pass‐fail’ decisions was found between the instrumental and the visual techniques. The ‘pass‐fail’ limit of 3–4 on the ISO Grey Scale for Assessing Change in Colour in the Superwash test corresponded to 2. 2 AN40 units over the colour range investigated.

Pad—Batch Dyeing of Wool Fabric—Development of an Industrial Process*

Journal of the Society of Dyers and ColouristsVolume 86, Issue 8 p. 352-354 Pad—Batch Dyeing of Wool Fabric—Development of an Industrial Process* J. D. M. Gibson, J. D. M. GibsonSearch for more papers by this authorD. M. Lewis, D. M. LewisSearch for more papers by this authorI. Seltzer, I. SeltzerSearch for more papers by this author J. D. M. Gibson, J. D. M. GibsonSearch for more papers by this authorD. M. Lewis, D. M. LewisSearch for more papers by this authorI. Seltzer, I. SeltzerSearch for more papers by this author First published: August 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1970.tb02961.x † *The text of this paper was published in the July issue of the Journal on pages 298–303 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume86, Issue8August 1970Pages 352-354 RelatedInformation

Wet and Dry Boundaries and Unlevel Dyeing of Wool Fabric

The problem of ‘weathering’ faults in the dyeing of wool fabric has been studied. It was possible to reproduce these faults under laboratory conditions, and attempts were made to determine their nature and to devise correction or prevention techniques. Hydrolysis of the wool fibre is probably less important in the formation of ‘weathering’ faults than oxidation effects. With equalising acid dyes, re‐treatment of the faulty dyeing in a boiling dyebath corrects the fault. However, with dyes of poor migration properties no technique is available that will ensure the correction of ‘weathering’ faults. Consequently, fabric left lying in carts should be covered, and fabric likely to be stored for a long period should be wrapped.

An Aspect of Off-Shade Dyeing of Wool Fabrics Containing Small Percents of Stained Fiber

An Aspect of Off-Shade Dyeing of Wool Fabrics Containing Small Percents of Stained Fiber

The iodide titration of silver nitrate with palladious nitrate as the indicator

An ecological approach has been presented by valorisation of outer green shell of almond fruit as a novel natural dye using chemical solvent free extraction, small amount of metallic mordant, alternative natural mordants, auxiliary free dyeing and washing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate biomordants versus metal mordants and to reveal the substitution of the prevalent metallic mordants for biomordants as renewable natural sources. The use of a smaller amount of metallic mordant (0.2 g/L - 1 %) and less plant (1 g plant/3 g fabric) than in most current natural dye applications is a major advantage of dyeing with almond shell extract. Wool fabrics dyed using metallic mordants namely alum, iron II sulfate, copper II sulfate and potassium dichromate were compared with the samples dyed using biomordants; powder of valex (acorn of Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis), pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) rind, rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and thuja (Thuja orientalis) leaves in terms of colour measurements, light and wash fastness values. These biomordants were used alone and in conjunction with almond shell extract in the same bath to dye wool fabric. Rose, brown, cinnamon and burgundy/reddish hues were achieved by using alum, iron II sulfate, copper II sulfate and potassium dichromate respectively. Especially rose and burgundy/reddish shades are unique colours for natural dyes. Biomordants exhibited different interactions with almond shell extract resulting in quite different colour gamuts. Rosemary can be alternative to alum (pre and post mordanting), iron II sulfate (pre mordanting) and copper II sulfate (pre, simultaneous and post mordanting). Thuja orientalis leaves, valex and pomegranate rind cannot be precisely substituted for any of the metallic mordants used in this research. However, thuja leaves with almond shell ensured relatively similar colours to alum (pre and post mordanting). Considering the fastness properties; thuja was not effective on washing and light fastness, valex and pomegranate rind improved both washing and light fastness, rosemary was not effective on light fastness while it slightly improved the washing fastness. Valex and pomegranate produced equal light fastness to copper and iron mordant while they exceeded that of the alum and chromium. The light fastness values of rosemary and thuja were similar to alum and chromium and less than copper and iron. Use of biomordants is very promising concept as an alternative method that may help to reduce the reliance on toxic metal salt mordants.