Dyed Silk Fabrics Research Articles

Adsorption-Kinetic Studies of Mordant Exhaust Dyeing of Cotton and Silk Fabrics with Dye Extract of M. lucida Plant Species

ABSTRACT The kinetics and adsorption isotherms of the extremely slow traditional natural exhaust dyeing that takes many hours or days have been studied purposely to find means of improving the process. The dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics using dye extract of M. lucida at 50 °C were elucidated with graphs to predict the reaction orders and identify the appropriate adsorption isotherm model(s). Since the dye is UV active, changes in UV absorbance were used in place of changes in concentrations. The simultaneous and post mordanting methods followed pseudo-second-order reactions, hence chemisorption. However, mordant application to the dyed fabrics during post mordant followed a pseudo-first-order model, largely physisorption. Dyeing has followed Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with linear correlation r2 ranging between 1 and 0.998. From the Freundlich model and values of Langmuir constant RL (0.9307 to 1.0), the process is homogeneous, forming a favourable and linear monolayer. Accordingly, the dyeing speed can be improved by increasing the concentration of dye liquor. Additionally, according to the Freundlich model, higher dye intensity on fabrics is recorded in post mordanting. Keywords: adsorption isotherms, equilibrium, exhaust dyeing, mordant, rate law

Environmental friendly application of ultrasonic rays for extraction of natural colorant from Harmal (P. harmala) for dyeing of bio-mordanted silk

Global heat, carcinogenic, and viral diseases created due to industrial pollutants has led people to shift toward natural products particularly natural dyes in all walks of life. In this study, U.S. rays up-to 60 min, were used to extract the color in aqueous medium and employed onto silk fabric at selected conditions. It has been observed that good color strength has been found when 30 mL of acidic extract ( pH = 4.0) obtained from 6.0 g of Harmal powder containing 3.0 g/100 mL of salt as an exhausting agent was employed onto the US treated silk at 65ºC for 55 min. The utilization of the extract obtained from 7% of pomegranate as post-bio-mordant, 3% of acacia extract as meta-bio-mordant, and 7% of henna extract as meta-bio-mordants has given excellent color strength. In comparison, 5% of Al salt as meta mordant, 5% of Fe salt as pre mordant, and 7% of tannic acid as meta-mordant has given better results. ISO standard methods for fastness employed onto optimum mordanted dyed fabrics have given well to excellent fastness ratings. Hence, natural colorant extracted from Harmal seeds has excellent coloring efficacy to dye silk fabric under sustainable conditions, whereas the addition of eco-friendly mordants for shade development process has made the coloration of silk more sustainable with improved colorfastness properties.

Optimization and Extraction of Natural Dye from Tagetes Erecta and Dyeing of Cotton and Silk Fabric Using Banana (Musa Sp.) Pseudo Stem Sap

ABSTRACT The extraction of natural dye using an aqueous method is a concept of green chemistry to avoid environmental pollution and toxicity. The present study was performed to improve the color strength and fastness properties of the fabrics by using natural dye and banana pseudo stem sap as a natural mordant. The natural dye was extracted from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta) and optimized for dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics. The extraction of the dye was done in an aqueous solution without using any solvents. The optimum results were obtained when the fabric was dyed at 80°C for 60 min by keeping the mass to liquid ratio 1:40 at pH-7 (1.19). The color strength and CIELab (L*, a*, and b*) color parameters were also investigated. The effect of banana pseudo stem saps as a natural mordant on the color strength and fastness properties of the cotton and silk fabrics were evaluated and compared. The cotton fabrics were further characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the physical and chemical changes after dyeing and mordanting.

Degumming silk by CO2 supercritical fluid and their dyeing ability with plant indigo

Degumming silk by CO₂ supercritical fluid and their dyeing ability with plant indigo

Solvent assisted dyeing of silk fabric using glycerine based eutectic solvent as a swelling agent

PurposeDyeing of silk fabric was studied to increase dye uptake using eco-friendly glycerine based eutectic solvent (GES), which acts as a swelling agent.Design/methodology/approachThe swelling behaviour of silk fabric in GES was analyzed using three-dimensional laser scanning microscope. Dyeing parameters such as time, temperature and GES concentration were optimized using design of experiments.FindingsIn total, 5.34 F-value and 0.0014 p-value of ANOVA represent that the model is significant. An optimized GES assisted dyeing was carried out with two different classes of dyes such as Acid Blue 281 and Acid Red 151 and further compared with that of conventional aqueous dyeing method.Originality/valueAt 70°C, silk fabric achieves desired colour strength after 35 min of dyeing (10 min lesser than conventional) using GES assisted dyeing method. % Dye exhaustion of GES assisted dye bath was carried out and found to be very good. Fastness properties such as washing, light and rubbing fastness of conventional and GES assisted dyed silk fabric showed comparable results.

Extraction of natural dye from the leaves of Wild Himalayan pear (Pyruspashia) and optimization of the dyeing parameters using Box-Behnken Design (RSM)

Today universe is inclined towards eco-friendly and sustainable products. Its interest is shifting from synthetic products to natural once. The present study involves the optimization of extraction pH of natural dye and optimization of dyeing parameters for dyeing of silk fabric using response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction of dye from the leaves of Pyrus pashia (Wild Himalayan pear) was carried out in acidic, neutral and alkaline pH. The neutral pH exhibited the highest colour strength than alkaline and acidic pH. Box-Behnken Design (RSM) was used for optimization of dyeing variables. The effect of independent variables i.e. dye material concentration, dyeing time and temperature were assessed on dependent variable i.e colour strength of the dyed silk fabric sample. The optimized dyeing variables obtained for application of P. pashia leaf dye on silk fabric were 5% (w/v) dye material concentration, 70°C dyeing temperature and 45 minutes dyeing time. It not only creates a source for a natural dye but can also lead to creating employment amongst the rural people. P. pashia has a potential to colour silk fabric and can be used to dye other natural fibres such as cotton and wool which can be a step towards sustainable development. dyeing with its leaf extract can be helpful in promoting eco-friendly processing of textiles.

Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Soaked Phaseolus Vulgaris (Red kidney bean) Extract

With the rising awareness of sustainability, eco-friendly dyes are preferred over synthetic dyes and chemicals. In our day-to-day life, many natural ingredients have colorant substances but are discarded without efficient use. Similarly, the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris (Red Kidney Beans) release colorant substances when soaked in water or boiled, but the water is drained out or discarded. The present work aimed to utilize the above extract in a sustainable way. So, an attempt is made to dye the silk fabric with the colorant extract with various mordants at different temperatures. The colorant was extracted by soaking Red Kidney Beans for 3 hours and further boiling it for 20 minutes at 100ºC. Degummed and bleached Mulberry silk fabric was dyed with the colorant extract at 90-95ºC and pH [3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5] for 45 minutes. Dyed fabric samples were tested for color strength using color i7 Spectrophotometer. Also, the dyed fabric samples were tested for different color fastness properties (colourfastness to washing, water, rubbing, light etc.) and mechanical properties (thickness, bending length, flexural rigidity, crease recovery). Satisfactory results were found. Thus, the implications of the research show a promising future for dying of silk fabric with a sustainable approach.

Banana Pseudostem Sap as a Biomordant for Dyeing of Silk with Celosia Flower

This research paper is focused on the dyeing of silk fabrics with a natural dye extracted from Celosia flower and banana pseudostem sap as a biomordant. The dyeing process was carried out by three different techniques i.e. pre-, post-, and simultaneous mordanting method. The effect of dyeing process parameters namely mordant concentration, pH, and temperature on the dye absorption and fastness properties of dyed silk fabric have been investigated for each dyeing method. Optimal values of dyeing process parameters have been categorized based on the highest value of dye absorption in terms of K/S value. Optimum mordant concentration was found to be 18 % for all sets of dyeing methods. The optimum pH was examined to be 4.5, 4.0, and 4.0 and dyeing temperature was 70 °C, 70 °C, and 65 °C for the pre-, post-, and simultaneous mordanting dyeing methods, respectively. The color fastness to light, washing, and rubbing of dyed silk fabrics was investigated. Fastness values of light and rubbing showed fair-to-good fastness level, whereas the color fastness to washing was found to be good to very good. The antibacterial activity of the banana sap mordanted and simultaneously dyed silk fabrics was evaluated. The dyed silk fabric exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Bio-Inspired Coloring and Functionalization of Silk Fabric via Laccase-Catalyzed Graft Polymerization of Arylamines

Generally, dyeing and finishing of Bombyx mori silk fibers were proceeded at high temperature, which has the disadvantages of overmuch energy-consumptions. In the present work, bio-inspired in situ coloring and functionalization of silk fabric were carried out via laccase-catalyzed graft polymerization of arylamines, including aniline (ANI) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD). p-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (PHAD) as the model compound of tyrosine residues in silk fibroin (SF) was used to explore the mechanism of graft polymerization by means of MALDI-TOF MS. The actions of the dopants of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate (ABSA) on the enzymatic treatment were also concerned. The results indicated that laccase might initiate the self-polymerizations of ANI and PPD, respectively, and formed the copolymers of arylamine and PHAD subsequently. High color depth and color fastness were obtained after incubation silk fabric with laccase and arylamines, companying with a noticeable pH-responsiveness. The laccase-mediated treatment endowed silk fabric with antibacterial and antioxidant abilities, meanwhile, the addition of dopants of SDBS and ABSA promoted the enzymatic finishing. Enzymatic graft polymerization of arylamine onto silk fibroin provides a novel approach for dyeing and functionalization of silk fabrics under mild treating conditions.

Superheated water hydrolyses of waste silkworm pupae protein hydrolysate: A novel application for natural dyeing of silk fabric

A large amount of by products are generated during the silk processing, the most abundant of which are silkworm pupae. In general, efforts have been made to use these by-products for different applications such as biogas, fertilizer, human food products, medicines and pupa oil production. In this work a novel application of protein extracted from silkworm pupae was proposed for the coloration of silk fabrics within the context of the circular economy. In particular, for the first time a hydrolysis process at 170 °C for 1 h using only superheated water was performed to extract proteins from silkworm pupae and as a novelty, the same proteins were used to dye silk fabrics. Various parameters such as temperature, time, pH, dyeing time and temperature, protein hydrolysate concentration, mordant type (copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate) and mordanting step (pre-meta-post) were studied and the higher color strength was obtained at pH 3.8, 90 °C, for 60 min dyeing time using 30% o.w.f. protein hydrolysate, 50% o.w.f meta-mordanting. It was demonstrated that the extracted proteins can actually dye, but the color is more intense in the presence of the mordant which plays an anchoring role by formation of complex between protein hydrolysate and silk fabric. Dyed fabrics in the presence of mordant show washing and rubbing fastness from good to excellent, and light fastness from fair to good.

Green dyeing of microwave treated silk using coconut coir based tannin natural dye

The resurgence of natural dyes is gaining fame in textile industry due to eco-friendly nature. The present study was done to investigate the Coconut coir as natural dye (tannin) for silk dyeing under Microwave (MW) treatment following the optimization of experimental parameters. Isolation of colorant was carried out in aqueous, acidic and organic media (methanol) under influence of MW treatment up to 6 minutes. Dyeing of silk was carried out having irradiated and unirradiated extracts. Good colour strength was achieved by dyeing unirradiated silk using methanolic extract under MW treatment for 4 minutes at 75°C. The optimal dyeing was achieved at 75 minutes at pH 8 while keeping fabric liquor ratio 1:25 having 5 g/100 ml table salt as an electrolyte. For development of shades, salts of Al and Fe and Tannic acid were used as pre- and post-chemical mordants and Acacia, Pomegranate, Turmeric and Henna as pre- and post-biomordents. Acacia (6%) as pre-bio mordant and Turmeric (6%) as post-bio mordant considerably improved the colour strength at optimal conditions utilizing irradiated extract of coconut coir (tannin) and un-irradiated silk under MW treatment at 4 minutes. ISO-standard shows good colour fastness and colour strength at optimal conditions using Acacia and Turmeric as bio-mordents. This research work gives information about tannin extracted from Coconut coir has great potential to dye silk fabric to produce reddish-brown colour under the influence of microwave treatment. FTIR spectral study revealed chemical changes in the silk fabric treated with microwave radiations.

Effects of pre-treatment and microwave assisted extraction on natural dye from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and nasturtium (Tropiolum majus L.) for fabric colouration

The present study demonstrated dyeing of silk and cotton fabric with the pigment extracted through various methods from two ornamentals, marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and nasturtium (Tropeolum majus L.) Marigold creates the colour range from yellow to orange whereas for nasturtium off white to purple. The yield of extracted dye was found to be superior (6.24% and 4.48%) in pre-treatment of marigold and nasturtium petal respectively, with Ethanol 50% and under 6 min of microwave interval. To perform the dyeing process two different types of colourless mordants have been used viz. alum and stannous chloride. After scouring, mordanting and dyeing the fabrics were evaluated for colour measurements in HunterlabD25LT Chroma Meter for L* a* and b* values. The L* value were found to be superior when the fabrics were treated with alum. The highest L* value (85.78) was obtained in T15 i.e., pre-treatment of 70% HCl, 6 minute MW interval time and alum mordant in marigold. In nasturtium dyed silk fabric highest L*value (72.84) was found with the T16 treatment (70% EtOH + 6 min MW interval time + stannous chloride).The increased a* value was found with stannous chloride mordant. Through the strip test the tensile strength has been analysed. The highest streanth (412.16 g/m2 and 194.66 g/m2) was found in T1 (EtOH 50% + 4 min MW interval + alum) in marigold dyed silk and cotton fabric respectively. The stability of colour hue for the dyed sample after washing with standard soap with manual rubbing showed good in fastness properties and a little colour loss.

Design, synthesis, characterization of water-soluble indophenine dyes and their application for dyeing of wool, silk and nylon fabrics

In view of our continuing interests in application of quinoidal heterocyclic structure into textile dyestuffs, we report here the design and synthesis of four new water-soluble dyes D1-D4 that based on indophenine structure and bearing alkyl chains with different lengths. Their properties on geometry, electronic structure, solubility, thermal stability and absorption spectra have been well investigated. Then, the dyeing ability of D1-D4 is checked by application into dyeing of wool, silk and nylon fabrics and is compared with three commercial acid dyes. The effect of quinoidal coplanarity of indophenine backbone and alkyl substituents on dyeing performance has been revealed. Our study clearly demonstrates that the introduction of rigid quinoidal heterocyclic structure with high coplanarity as the chromophore backbone is an efficient method for the design of high-performance acid dyestuffs in terms of exhaustion, coloring strength and wet fastness.

Reactive dyeing of silk using commercial acid dyes based on a three‐component Mannich‐type reaction

AbstractAcid dyes are employed for commercially dyeing silk, which results in ionic bonds between the silk fibroin and the dye. This generally leads to low wet fastness properties for dyed silk fabrics. In this work, three commercial acid dyes with aromatic primary amine structures were selected to dye silk using a Mannich‐type reaction, resulting in improved wet fastness of dyed silk by forming covalent bonds between silk fibroin and dye. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing was applied to silk fabrics at both 30 and 90°C in trials. Dyeing at 90°C can shorten the dyeing time compared with dyeing at 30°C, even although dye exhaustion and relative fixation at 90°C were a little lower. The dyeing process was optimised when the dyeing temperature was 90°C, dyebath pH 4, dye‐to‐formaldehyde ratio 1:30 and holding dyeing time 60 minutes. The results showed that the dye exhaustion on silk fabrics for the three aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes exceeded 94% and their relative fixation was over 80%. Their washing and rubbing fastness reached grade 4 or higher. Hence, the colour fastness properties of dyed silk fabrics using the Mannich‐type reactive dyeing method is superior to the conventional acid dyeing method using the same aromatic primary amine‐containing acid dyes. The Mannich‐type reactive dyeing for silk fabrics at 90°C can be developed into a novel and rapid reactive dyeing method, promising an effective dyeing process with excellent colour fastness.

Dyeing and flame retardant finishing of silk fabric: an ecofriendly approach

In the current context of environmental contamination due to disposal of textile-manufacturing waste, substitution of synthetic dyes and chemicals with bio-colour or bio-extract is a big confront. Thus, the need of the hour is to develop green chemicals or dyes for sustainable textile processing with an eco-friendly approach. In light of above, a bio-colour has been extracted from Bauhinia vahlii bark and applied on the degummed and bleached silk fabric along with a bio-acid (citric acid). Dyed silk fabrics were tested for their color strength and fastness properties like color fastness to washing, water crocking and light and found satisfactory results. Banana peduncle extract (BPE) is also applied on the dyed fabric to improve the fastness properties and enhance the functional properties like flame retardant by pad-dry-cure method. Dyed and BPE treated silk fabric was tested and analysed for their color fastness properties and mechanical properties, like thickness, bending length, flexural rigidity and crease recovery and the results were recorded. Notably, evaluation of dyed and BPE treated silk fabric was carried out for flame retardancy according to ASTM D1230 standards and promising result was obtained.

English

English

Statistical modelling for optimisation of dyeing of silk with semisynthetic azo dye made by chemical modification of areca nut

PurposeThis paper aims to focus on the optimisation of dyeing recipe for dyeing of silk fabric with semisynthetic azo dyes synthesised by chemical modification of areca nut extract.Design/methodology/approachThe response surface model (Box–Behnken design) was used to establish the relation between the parameters of dyeing such as time, temperature and material to liquor ratio. Their output responses in terms of colour strength (K/S values) are reported. Their relationship was tested for predictability and the experimental values and found to match closely, which confirms the model suitability.FindingsDyed fabrics were tested for their fastness properties such as wash, rub and lightfastness. The results of the fastness tests indicate that modified dyes have good dyeability towards silk fabric. The dyed fabrics were also tested for ultraviolet protection factor and antimicrobial activity, which showed very promising results.Originality/valueBanned amine testing was done, which confirms the absence of banned amine in synthesised dyes, which indicates the potential of its sustainability. Also, such an approach of modification of natural dyes as semi-synthetic dyes can be surely considered to be a step towards its widespread acceptability and further commercialisation.

Dyeing of Silk Fabric With Eco-Friendly Natural Dye Obtained from Opuntia Ficus-Indica using Single Mordants

Dyeing of Silk Fabric With Eco-Friendly Natural Dye Obtained from Opuntia Ficus-Indica using Single Mordants

Optimizing the Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Gemstone Powder using Exhaustion Process

The silk fabrics were modified by a cationic reagent, N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride in order to prepare the fiber to be dyed with gemstone powder (i.e. malachite, lapis lazuli and jasper) by an exhaustion process. The effect of dyeing conditions such as temperature, dyeing time, pH and gemstone powder concentration on colour strength were investigated. Optimum results were achieved when dyeing at a liquor ratio of 1:100 at pH 3 (for malachite and jasper) or pH 5 (for lapis lazuli), at 90 ºC for 60 min. The color fastness to crocking of cationic treated silk fabric dyed with gemstone powder was fair to good, whereas the color fastness to washing was poor to fair. However, the colour fastness to light was very good. This study demonstrated that cationic treated silk fabric can dyed with gemstone powder by exhaustion process.

Green Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Turmeric Powder Using Tamarind Seed Coat as Mordant

The current study is aimed to explore the sustainable dyeing approach of silk fabric with turmeric powder using tannin as mordant extracted from tamarind seed coat. For that, tamarind seed coat tannin was extracted and applied as natural mordant alone and in combination with metal mordant namely copper sulphate for dyeing silk fabric with the extract of turmeric powder. Dyeing parameters such as temperature, time and mordant concentration were varying for optimizing the process. The color strength, color coordinates, color fastness to wash, perspiration, water and rubbing were evaluated for examining dyeing performance. Firstly, tannin was extracted from tamarind seed coat and applying on the silk fabric at 95°C temperature for 45 min by varying concentration. Among them 15 g/l shows better results. Some samples were mordanted with both 15 g/l extracted tannin and 0.5% copper sulphate solution. The mordanted samples were dyed with turmeric dye by varying the time and temperature. By analyzing the test results, the sample mordanted with extracted tannin showed high color strength and good fastness properties dyeing at 80°C for 60 min. The application of 0.5% copper sulphate mordant enhanced sustainable wash fastness properties.