Hair Dye Research Articles

Extraction of Lawsone Active from the Henna Leaves (Lawsonia Inermis) by Solvent Extraction Method

Natural hair colour technology recent days very much pronounced by the consumer due to the awareness about the carcinogenic problem of synthetic dyes. Natural hair colour or dyes are safe to use, it does not harm to the hair, does not bleach. Among the various natural hair colour technique, the henna hair colour is very much pronounced in south Asia, since the material readily available for colouring. In this present attempt to aim to identify the potential solvent for the extraction and make the stable format of extracted lawsone for the hair colour application. Present study results immense useful to the personal care industry to derive the suitable extraction plan for the lawsone and helps to make the product to address the regular consumer pain point area especially the henna paste preparation and colour delivery. The pure henna powder was collected from high crop season from Rajasthan Henna growing garden in India and tested the initial lawsone content through HPLC assay. Sigma Aldrich standard 2-hydroxy-1,4 naphthoquinones act as a reference standard. Lawsone from the leaves are extracted by using the organic solvents like toluene, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, Carbon tetrachloride, isopropyl acetate, n-Hexane and chloroform. Crude extract yield was higher in ethyl acetate solvent extraction followed by diethyl ether and toluene, and it was lower in n-hexane solvent extractions. Among the purity of lawsone was higher in chloroform i.e., 80% purity and followed by carbon tetra chloride (76%) and toluene (75%); among the studied solvent the ethyl acetate shows the less purity i.e. 32% of lawsone. Polarity index directly and positively correlated with yield and lawsone recovery percentage. Ninhydrin test also shows the negative for the solvent extracted lawsone, however it shows the positive for the water extraction. Overall study clearly indicates that the solvent extraction of lawsone molecules from henna leaves delivers the vibrant colour delivery when compared to the regular consumer practices. Overall experiments are confirming that the absence of amino groups helps to maintain the shelf life of the products. Overall study clearly indicates that the toluene extraction of lawsone is beneficial with respect to the cost, yield and performance of the hair swatches. Findings of solvent extractant of lawsone immense useful to make the traditional shade in convenient way.

Bioinspired peptides designed for hair perming and dyeing with potential for repair.

Cosmetics for perming hair are commonly used but have negative impacts on hair fibers. Repairing damaged hair with conditioners, hair oil, and hair masks can provide relief but cannot prevent injuries. Recent research has shown that proteins and amino acids can remodel hair's disulfide bonds. However, the permeation ability of proteins is limited, and amino acids may disrupt the secondary structure of hair keratins. Our study demonstrates that peptides can be safely, efficiently, and promisingly used for hair perming. A bioinspired peptide, PepACS (PepA-PepC-SPB), was designed through bioinformatics. It can interact with keratin's sulfhydryl group in situ to remodel disulfide bonds without affecting hair fiber's tensile properties. The potential of PepACS to repair cuticle injuries is also observed through scanning electron microscope visualization. Besides, linking PepACS with mCherry enables hair dyeing. This research suggests that biomaterials can be applied in the hair care industry. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Chemical perming products can have negative impacts on people's health and hair fibers, making it essential to explore alternative methods. Peptides treatment is a promising option, but synthesizing sulfur-rich short peptides for hair perming has not been demonstrated before. In this paper, we utilized bioinformatics to design bio-inspired peptides that can interact with hair keratins and form curled shapes. Our study demonstrates that bioinformatics tools can be utilized to design bioinspired peptides with unique functions. Sulfur-rich short peptides can be heterologously expressed with fusion strategies, and PepACS can securely bind hair fibers through disulfide bonds. Importantly, perming hair with 0.01% PepACS maintains the mechanical properties of hair, and dyeing hair with the fusion protein PepACS_mCh can be facilitated by ethanol. These findings suggest that the strategy of perming and dyeing hair through peptides is non-injurious, and the peptides used for repairing hair damage show tremendous potential.

Bibliometric Study on Hair-related Products Containing Natural Extracts

The purpose of this study is to examine emerging trends in hair-related natural materials. For the methode of studying, text mining was carried out utilizing the statistical processing software R studio to examine the relationship between terms. With the use of this, we were able to extract the document's essential phrases and identify those that appeared frequently. As a result, the phi coefficient analysis was used to determine the terms with relatively high relevance as well as the groupings linked with "natural," "extract," "hair loss," "damage," "dyeing," and "growth." Six categories were constructed in the correlation network graph, and it was determined that the categories with the greatest concentration among them were hair growth, hair damage, and hair dyeing. The publishing type, year of publication, study method, and research subject of theses and journal theses were examined using the findings of this study. Trends were also discovered, and variations in research themes by year were compared and studied. According to the research, the quantity of papers in the topic of beauty has steadily increased since 2007, and this rise in quantity demonstrates the field's development on the academic front. Among these, it was discovered that a number of dyeing-related study results were linked to a number of dyeing-related negative effects. With regard to the study methods frequently employed in the beauty industry, the majority of papers on effect studies, characteristic studies, and impact studies—all of which were readily available—were relatively few in comparison to the number of clinical studies and actual condition studies, both of which had limited research progress. This demonstrates that although research topics are fairly equally dispersed throughout articles on different subjects, the development of study method inside the academic system is biased rather than uniform. In conclusion, investigations on natural substances that are effective on hair are increasing steadily between 2001 and 2021. This demonstrates how the view of natural materials is improving across a variety of areas and how actively research is being done to determine their usefulness.

Determination of 11 Kinds of Hair Dyes in Hair-Dyeing Products by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Eleven kinds of hair dyes were determined in hair-dyeing products by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The samples were extracted with ultrasound in methanol for 20min. After centrifugation, the supernatant was diluted with 10% methanol/90% water (v/v). Then, the solution was analyzed by Shim-pack Scepter C18-120 column (100mm × 2.1mm, 1.9μm) plus electrospray ionization-MS/MS. Matrix-matched standard solutions were used to analyze the samples. The limits of detection were from 0.15 to 10mg/kg, the limits of quantification were from 0.5 to 40mg/kg and the recovery was from 79.4 to 109.2%. The protocol was selective and accurate and was satisfyingly applied to analyze hair dyes in different kinds of commercial products. 1-Hydroxyethyl-4,5-diaminopyrazole sulfate, hydroxyethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate, 2-methyl-5-hydroxyethylaminophenol, 5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol, 3-nitro-p-hydroxyethylaminophenol and 2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol were detected in 10 samples with the concentrations between limits of detection and quantification to 9.27 × 104mg/kg.

Bi-functional aqueous starch capped CdS quantum dots synthesis and their application as sensor of heavy metal-ions as well as photocatalytic dye degradation

CdS quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as the promising nanomaterial for various applications. This study reported bi-functional usage of aqueous starch capped CdS QDs as heavy metal-ion sensor for selective detection of Hg2+ and Cu2+ in aqueous medium as well as sunlight driven photocatalyst for degradation of organic dyes. CdS QDs exhibited colorimetric, spectroscopic, and compositional change with Hg2+ and Cu2+ via cation exchange reaction (CER). The CER of yellow color CdS QDs solution with Hg2+ showed rapid colour change to orange, red and white with composition Cd1-xSHgxS, HgS/CdS, and mixture of HgS and Hg sol, respectively whereas, CER of CdS QDs with Cu2+ resulted in pale brown, brown and greenish brown with composition Cd1-xCuxS, CuxS/CdS and Cu2-xS, respectively. Further, CdS QDs displayed excellent sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation of cationic, anionic and hair dye with good efficiency, reusability, and stability.

Small Molecule Para-Phenylenediamine Analogues with Enhanced Oxidation Potential as Viable Permanent Hair Dyes

Small Molecule Para-Phenylenediamine Analogues with Enhanced Oxidation Potential as Viable Permanent Hair Dyes

Work-related factors and hair cortisol concentrations among men and women in emergency medical services in Sweden

Ambulance personnel in emergency medical services are exposed to physical demands and stress during work, and an increased prevalence of ill health has been observed in this group. The aim was to compare hair cortisol concentration (HCC) among Swedish ambulance personnel with HCC in a population-based reference sample, to analyse differences between women and men, and differences due to work-related factors. Samples of hair 1 cm closest to the skin (5–10 mg) were collected and analysed for cortisol by radioimmunoassay. Moreover, the participants responded to a questionnaire regarding their work environment. The HCC among the ambulance personnel did not differ from the HCC in the population-based reference sample (median 19.2 vs. 22.2 pg/mg, p = 0.319), nor were there statistically significant differences between women and men. Furthermore, no associations were found between HCC and physical and psychosocial work demands, work stress, or rest and recovery from work. However, occupational balance was positively correlated with HCC (rp = 0.240; p = 0.044). The association remained statistically significant after adjustment for sex, age, hair bleaching, and corticosteroid treatment in a linear regression model. This study adds knowledge regarding HCC among ambulance personnel, and thus contributes to the overall picture of work environment and health for this group.

Identification of Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) in Cosmetic Hair Dye Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Photo Diode Array

Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a prohibited component in cosmetics, particularly in hair color formulations. The purpose of this investigation is to discover the coloring additive Acid Red 73 in cosmetic hair dye formulations. Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a sulfonated azo dye that is manufactured to be more hazardous than other colors and is damaging to the body. Based on variations in polarity and solubility, Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is separated from the sample matrix and identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA). The findings obtained from the tested samples satisfied the criteria since they did not include Acid Red 73 (CI 27290), as indicated by the difference in retention time and wavelength between the sample, the standard solution, and the spiked sample solution on the chromatogram.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy enables confirmatory detection of dyes on hair submerged in hypolimnion water for up to twelve weeks.

Difficulties in the localization of bodies of homicidal or drowning victims in natural water result in their submergence for weeks if not months. Water insects and microbes drastically change the body's appearance, which significantly changes the determination of a victim's identity. DNA analysis is commonly used for identifying the decedent; however, this PCR-based approach is time-consuming and destructive of the evidence. Considering that nearly half of the people in the world dye their hair with a variety of permanent and semi-permanent dyes, one can expect that confirmatory identification of dyes on the body's hair can be used to shed light on the victim's identity. A growing body of evidence suggests that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used to detect and identify hair dyes. In this study, we investigated the extent to which SERS could be used to detect black and blue, permanent and semi-permanent dyes on hair submerged in hypolimnion water for up to twelve weeks. We found that SERS enabled 100% accurate identification of analyzed dyes on hair submerged in hypolimnion water for up to 8 weeks, whereas, on average, 87% accurate identification of the hair dyes could be achieved on hair exposed for 10 weeks and 50% for hair exposed 12 weeks in hypolimnion water. We also found that the aqueous environment caused progressive fading of some dyes, whereas other dyes showed substantial spectral transformations after prolonged submergence. Finally, we found that changes in the intensity of vibrational bands of dyes could be used to predict the duration of submergence of colored hair in hypolimnion water.

Breastmilk cadmium levels and estimated infant exposure: a multicenter study of associated factors in a resource-limited country

BackgroundDespite the undisputed benefits of breastfeeding, infants might become exposed to xenobiotics that could be excreted into breast milk following maternal exposure. This study was conducted to assess breastmilk cadmium levels among lactating women in Palestine, a resource-limited country. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of cadmium via breastmilk was also calculated and predictors of high breastmilk cadmium levels and high infant exposure via breastmilk were identified.MethodsThis multicenter study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical design. The lactating women were recruited from different maternity and public health clinics in all regions of Palestine. Demographic variables and exposure to sources of cadmium were collected in an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Foremilk samples (about 5 mL) were collected in polyethylene tubes using the hand-expression technique. The breast milk samples were collected in the period between December 2020 and March 2021. A pre-validated method using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to quantify breastmilk cadmium levels. EDI values were calculated from the quantified breastmilk cadmium levels.ResultsBreastmilk samples were obtained from 256 lactating women. The mean breastmilk cadmium level was 0.34 (SD: 0.33) μg / L and the mean EDI of cadmium via breastmilk was 0.059 (SD: 0.058) µg / kg per body weight / day. Breastmilk cadmium levels were quantified in 92.6% of the breastmilk samples. Of the breastmilk samples, 13 (5.1%) had cadmium levels above those reported as “normal” by the World Health Organization (WHO). Multiple linear regression showed that higher breastmilk cadmium levels and higher EDI were predicted by being a smoker, living in a refugee camp, living close to an industrial area, living close to disposal of wastes, living close to paint shops, living in a house with peeling / chipping paint, frequent use of cosmetics, frequent use of hair dyes, and not using vitamins.ConclusionThe breastmilk cadmium levels and infant exposure were predicted by maternal exposure to sources of cadmium. The findings reported in this study are valuable to antenatal and postnatal healthcare service providers. More studies are needed to plan and implement measures to reduce breastmilk cadmium levels and infants’ exposure to cadmium via breastmilk.

Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review.

Hair dyeing is a popular practice dating back to ancient Egyptian times. Initially, hair dye use was restricted to concealing grey and white hairs of the elderly population. However, in recent times, its use is common among the younger generation as a fashion statement. Hair dye contact dermatitis is a common dermatological condition encountered by dermatologists. It is a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that commonly affects the scalp and the vicinity of hair line and neck. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a synthetic aromatic amine is the most common allergen specifically implicated in hair dye contact dermatitis. Para-phenylenediamine was announced as the allergen of the year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Contact allergy to para-phenylenediamine can occur in 0.1-2.3% of the general population. Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of hair dye contact dermatitis. However, para-phenylenediamine carries a risk of cross-sensitivity and co-sensitization to other allergens. Apart from contact dermatitis, hair dye use is also associated with various other cutaneous adverse effects such as pigmentary changes, hair loss, skin malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Due to the various adverse effects associated with hair dye use, it is prudent to look for safer alternatives to allergenic hair dyes. In this article, we review the epidemiology, cutaneous and systemic adverse effects associated with hair dye use, patch testing, preventive strategies to minimize the risk of hair dye contact dermatitis, and treatment aspects.

EFFICACY OF MADHUKA TAILA NASYA AND JAPAAKUSUMA LEPA IN AKAALAPALITYA-A SINGLE CASE STUDY

Hair is an aesthetic tool. The visible sign of ageing is hair graying. Premature graying of hair is a burning problem faced by youth today. According to WHO, the incidence is high in the age group of 20-30 years. The depletion of melanocytes leads to premature hair graying. In Ayurveda, it is termed Akaalapalitya and is mainly due to the vitiation of Vata and Pitta. Contemporary medical science does not offer satisfactory treatment. Hair dyes cause damage to hair due to harsh chemicals. Hence there is a need for Ayurvedic intervention for finding safe and effective remedies for the management of Akaalapalitya. Nasya is one of Panchakarma and is indicated in the treatment of Urdhwajatrugata vyadhi. Lepa application externally on hair has been mentioned in our classics for the treatment of Akaalapalitya. The holistic approach of Ayurveda is the need of the hour in the treatment of Akaalapalitya without any adverse effects. In this single case study patient fulfilling inclusion criteria and diagnosed with Akaalapalitya has been treated and benefitted by Madhuka taila nasya and Japaakusumadi lepa.

Emerging Problem Evaluation of Hypocalcemia in Super Vasmol Hair Dye Poisoning Patients: Clinical Study in RIMS, Kadapa

Introduction: One of the most frequent method of suicide attempt in India is intentional super vasmol poisoning. If it is untreated, it leads to many complications such as, rhabdomyolysis, angioedema, acute kidney injury, and hypocalcemia. Of all above mentioned; hypocalcemia can cause pathologies of the neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. Early detection and treatment of the issue can reduce the diseases and fatalities that are related to it.
 Aim: This study aims to assess the incidence, clinical manifestations, and management of hypocalcemia in super vasmol poisoning patients.
 Methods: A prospective observational study was undertaken on 50 super vasmol poisoning patients for about six months at the government general hospital, RIMS, Kadapa from November 2021 to April 2022. Only subjects who are willing to give their consent were included in the study. All trial participants were observed for the duration of their hospital stay to evaluate hypocalcemia.
 Results: Out of the 50 subjects, 22 (44%) were male, 28 (56%) were female, and the majority (40%) were in between the age group of 21 to 30 years. 15 patients (30%) out of the 50 subjects were developed with hypocalcemia, particularly those who consumed more than 50 ml of super vasmol. We observed that 66.5% of subjects received parenteral calcium gluconate while 33.5% subjects received oral calcium carbonate.
 Conclusion: Hypocalcemia is a hidden complication of super vasmol poisoning, and there is a need to raise awareness among the among medical professionals about the necessity of routinely checking serum calcium levels as well as public regarding the dangers of super vasmol.
 Keywords: Super vasmol, Toxicity, Hypocalcemia, Hospitalization, Counselling.

The rate and quality of post-mortem hair root changes in relation to melanin content

Hairs is a relatively environmentally resistant biological material that is often found at crime scenes. Human hair is more durable than other biological traces such as blood or urine, and its collection and storage does not require specific preservation procedures. Melanin is the hair pigment, which is the main determinant of hair colour. There are two pigments present in human hair: eumelanin, predominant in dark hair, and pheomelanin, responsible for red colour. Eumelanin is more resistant and has photoprotective properties, while pheomelanin is phototoxic and shows lower resistance to environmental factors. The differences in the properties of eu- and pheomelanin are the basis of the present study, which aimed to examine the rate and quality of taphonomic changes in hair roots in relation to the predominant melanin type, under the influence of selected environmental factors, such as soil pH, degree of exposure to solar radiation, temperature and water from a natural watercourse (river) and chemically pure water. Therefore, changes in blonde, dark, grey, red and dyed hair roots were microscopically documented for six months under the influence of the above factors. The results of the study indicated the strongest degradation potential among acidic soil and a riverine environment, as well as the protective role of eumelanin against environmental taphonomic factors. Degradation occurred most rapidly in the river environment, where microbial activity was additionally observed. Distilled water, exposure to sunlight and low temperature did not lead to decomposition changes. The results of our team's research provide the basis for an extended analysis of the changes occurring in hair under the influence of environmental factors in relation to melanin content.

Micellar enhanced chromatographic separation of selected hazardous chemical present in hair dye and their detection in formulations and swab, including assessment of damage caused to cuticle of hair shaft

Hydroquinone (HQ), resorcinol (RS), m-aminophenol (m-AMP) and p-phenylenediamine (p-PPD) are aromatic compounds which are generally used in hair dyes to provide different colours to hair. In European Union the concentrations of HQ, RS, m-AMP and p-PPD is regulated in hair dyes and other cosmetic products by EU commission regulation EU/2019/831. This legislation is generally exercised because all these compounds are toxic and may cause severe allergies when used regularly. However in India no such regulations exist to monitor these toxic compounds in hair dyes therefore in this study a simple, rapid, economical and ecofriendly micellar liquid chromatographic (MLC) technique has been developed which can monitor all the selected toxic compounds simultaneously. HQ and RS are positional isomers and are difficult to be separated by HPLC whereas with the developed MLC method it was well separated and detected. The developed MLC technique has been applied to detect and quantify selected analytes in oxidative and non-oxidative hair dyes and swab samples from the scalp. The simultaneous separation of selected analytes was performed in mobile phase 0.09 M SDS, 0.01 M NaH2PO4–2% v/v 1-butanol at pH 7 running through C18 column under isocratic mode at 1 mL/min. flow rate. All the analytes were eluted within 6 min. The present method has been validated following the EURCHEM Guideline, 2014 in terms of calibration range (0.08–15 µg/mL), limit of detection (0.01–0.09 µg/mL), limit of quantification (0.08–0.35 µg/mL), accuracy (<5.6%), precision (91–105%) and robustness (<5.8%). The selected compounds in hair dye formulation were found in the range of 0.06–12.2 µg/mL (when diluted 25 times). Hair dyes persistence study was conducted up to 10 days from the day of application on the scalp, suggesting that the dyes were not completely washed off and were retained on the scalp for more than one week. SEM analysis of dyed hair revealed that hair are severely damaged due to use of dyes. The advantage of the developed method is that it could easily be adopted by quality control and cosmetic laboratories for quality control and check for the simultaneous separation of positional isomers together with two other aromatic compounds.

A review of Kesha as diagnostic and prognostic tool in Ayurveda

Hair is one of the essential characteristic features which not only adds beauty to the person but also helps maintain normal physiological functions, especially by excreting sweat through the Lomakupa, which is considered one of the roots of Swedavaha Strotas. It also helps in thermoregulation, protection etc. It is Pitruja Bhava and is the Mala of Asthidhatu. Depending upon the Hair conditions, one can assess some of the underlying pathological status of the body. Aims &amp; Objectives: Review the literature concerned with Prakruta and Vikruta Lakshnas of hairs in Ayurvedic classical texts for diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Material and Methods: Material related to Hair has been collected from Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astanga Samgraha, and Ashtanga Hridaya along with respective commentaries available and data associated with a topic general at different journals and books. Observations: As Kesha is one of the factors which build up a person's personality, Ayurvedic classics state the advantages of hair maintenance. In the present era, changes in lifestyle, food habits, excess use of shampoos, and hair dyes, lack of oil massage to Hair, pollution, stress and strain etc., may be the cause of different types of hair problems like Khalitya (Alopecia totalis), Palitya (premature greying of Hair) etc. Therefore a proper understanding of Prakruta Lakshanas of Kesha will help in understanding the Vaikrutha Avastha which will thus ease the line of treatment. Results: Thus, Kesha and Loma play an essential role in diagnosing the Prakruta and Vaikrutha Lakshana and help in the prognosis of the disease.

Design of a Test to Identify Mutagenic Effects of Hair Dye using Proteus mirabilis

The purpose of this study was to determine the possible mutagenicity of hair dye using the auxotroph’s methionine Proteus Mirabilis as a test. The Ames test was employed to identify reverse mutations in auxotroph’s P. Mirabilis treated with hair dyes. The results demonstrated a significant increase (P< 0.05) in reverse colonies of auxotroph’s P. mirabilis treated with 250 and 500 mg/mL of hair dyes in comparison to the negative control. Reverse mutations in the metE gene of the auxotroph’s P. Mirabilis were identified using DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction. The results confirmed the presence of the metE gene at a percentage of (100%) in all isolates treated with hair dyes at 250 and 500 mg/mL. Using BLAST software, the metE gene’s sequence was compared to the gene sequence of a standard isolate. Point mutations in the DNA of the metE gene altered protein translation, according to a genetic study of metE gene isolates treated with hair dyes. Finally, point mutations in the metE genes were identified using amino acid translation analysis of auxotroph’s P. mirabilis isolates treated with hair dyes. Point mutations in the metE gene cause many amino acids to be converted to methionine, which enables auxotroph’s P. mirabilis to grow without the need for methionine from an external source. The study found that the test for identifying mutagens in hair dyes was simple to use and cheap. It has also shown high efficacy in altering the amino acid and nitrogenous base sequences in the metE genes, thus their effect on methionine synthesis.

The potential toxicological effects of hair dye on human liver, renal and blood parameters

The potential toxicological effects of hair dye on human liver, renal and blood parameters

The Effect of Preferred Dye Color on Married People&amp;apos;s Appearance Perception and Dye Satisfaction

As appearance is regarded as one of the individual's abilities and the importance of appearance is emphasized day by day, many people make various efforts such as plastic surgery or weight management. In the case of married people, negligence in appearance management has a negative effect on appearance perception and decreases self-esteem, causing personal stress. In the age of super-aging, which goes beyond "well-being" to the concept of "well-aging," interest in skin aging and gray hair naturally continues, and it is important to understand how dyeing affects married customers. This study collected data from married people survey in Seoul to determine whether married people's dyeing color affects appearance recognition and dyeing satisfaction, confirming that married people's dyeing color can have a significant impact on appearance recognition and dyeing satisfaction. Hair beauty service workers help consumers consume effective beauty through marketing based on the results of these studies. In addition, it is possible to increase the satisfaction of married people's hair color choices and dyeing procedures through the use of coloring products that replace stimulating hair dyes and procedures suitable for individuals.

CD06 Delving in to Disperse Orange 1

Abstract Disperse Orange 1, colour index 11080, is an azo dye. Collectively, azo dyes are a common cause of textile-related allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). A 2006 European Union (EU) directive restricts the sale of any articles or dyed items that have direct and prolonged contact with the skin or the oral cavity and contain more than 30-ppm azo dyes. These include a wide range of items such clothing, bedding, furniture, toys and yarn. Despite clear regulation set out by the directive, these dyes have been detected within garments produced and sold within the EU (https://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/legislation). In our cutaneous allergy clinic, we have patch tested a total of 547 patients to the clothing and dye series. Only seven (1.3%) have tested positive to Disperse Orange 1. We present a series of cases and highlight the suspected sources of exposure. We identified a total of seven patients, four of whom were male. Their ages ranged between 20 and 78 years. Aside from Disperse Orange 1, all patients developed positive patch test results to other disperse dyes. Three patients also reacted to paraphenylenediamine. Sites affected included the head and neck (n = 4), hands (n = 2), chest (n = 1) and leg (n = 1). Other series patients tested positive to included fragrances, metals, rubber, acrylates and local anaesthetics. Suspected sources of Disperse Orange 1 included hair dyes, clothing, wound dressings and a thyroid shield. Few cases of ACD have been published on Disperse Orange 1. One report noted a textile necklace as a source of a severe localized ACD (Nygaard U, Kralund HH, Sommerlund M. Allergic contact dermatitis induced by textile necklace. Case Rep Dermatol 2013; 5:336–9). We wish to raise awareness of the presence of problems with Disperse Orange 1, despite the EU directive. Members should consider a variety of sources, including traditional items such as clothing and hair dyes and also newer items such as dressings and thyroid shields, as suspected in our cases.