Dye Waste Research Articles

Natural zeolite activation using chloride acid (HCl) for methylene blue adsorbent

Dye waste produced from the textile industry is an organic compound that is difficult to decompose, dangerous, and can pollute the aquatic environment. On the other hand, the textile industry has also had a major impact on 20% of global wastewater pollution. One of the wastes generated is methylene blue. As a step in overcoming these problems, an effective and economical waste treatment method is needed, such as the adsorption method. This research was conducted by utilizing natural zeolite clinoptilolite type as an adsorbent for methylene blue using hydrochloric acid (HCl) through two processes, namely zeolite activation and adsorption of methylene blue waste by varying the adsorption time. The result shows that the activated zeolite can adsorb methylene blue in solution. The activation process strongly determined the capability of zeolite to adsorb the methylene blue. From our research, we obtained zeolite activated with 0.1 M HCl has the highest capability as methylene blue adsorption.

Synthesis and characterization of graphene/cellulose xanthate nanocomposite for dye removal from wastewater

Textile industries are dealing with the most significant problem of dye effluents. However, many techniques have been developed to degrade and recycle dye molecules from the effluents. Still, there is a need for developing highly adsorptive dye material that can recycle the waste dye from the dye effluents. In the present study, we propose an inexpensive, easily synthesized, and fast adsorptive nanocomposite material that efficiently facilitates dye adsorption from the dye effluents. We have synthesized Graphene/Cellulose nanocomposite (GCC) via a chemical route. The XRD indicates the nano-size crystallites (∼11.7 nm), and FESEM revealed the surface morphology of the synthesized GCC. The FT-IR spectra of GCC showed the successful incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) on to cellulose. The adsorptive capacity of GCC was studied using UV–visible spectroscopy, which showed that adsorption decreases as the time of contact increases. The adsorption extent of GCC for methylene blue (MB) is found to be 383.3 mg/g. Such nanocomposites could be useful in the future for adsorbing and recycling different types of dyes from industrial effluents and protecting our water bodies from dye pollutants.

The Use of Meniran Leaf Tea and Chinese Okra Biofilter as an Effort to Anticipate Pollution Impacts of Batik Synthetic Dye Waste Disposed into Rivers

Batik is a cultural heritage that must be preserved because of its selling value and tourist attraction. The characteristics and attractiveness of Batik can be seen in its motifs and color combinations. Batik coloring commonly uses synthetic dyes since it is considered more practical and economical with satisfactory quality. However, synthetic dyes containing heavy metals can harm the health of craftsmen and the surrounding community, especially if the coloring waste is not disposed of according to standardized WWTP (IPAL). It is often found in small and medium-scale batik home industries. Community service is given through counseling methods, health checks related to heavy metals, making Meniran leaf tea as an antioxidant, and using simple biofilters for small-scale industries. The results of the pretest to posttest showed an increase in community knowledge, and the results of the partner satisfaction questionnaire showed partner satisfaction.

Sustainable and green process for recycling waste wool textiles into high-quality protein fibers on a pilot scale

For the first time, waste wool textiles have been recycled into high-quality protein fibers via protein dissolution. Traditional mechanical wool recycling, with serious damage to protein fibers and limited color styles on fibers, only boosts 5% of post-consumer wool recycling rate. Other recycling is hindered due to the failure of dye removal and protein dissolution. Here, we have developed green and sustainable processes of complete dye separation, establishment of desirable molecular entanglement in protein dissolution, and recovery of crosslinkages in spun fibers. More than 80% of waste wool was recycled into protein fibers, which were comparable to virgin wool fibers, with retention of more than 90% of mechanical, wet, and dyeing properties of virgin wool. Recycled dyes, completely separated from proteins via the disruption of molecular interactions in wool and controlled protein precipitation, were reused and demonstrated the desired dyeability without generating dye wastes.

Bioremediation of industrial dye waste effluents aided by GIS applications: a comprehensive review

Bioremediation of industrial dye waste effluents aided by GIS applications: a comprehensive review

Modified Hybrid Catalyst of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Cellulose Nanocomposite-Base and their Potential Application as Dye Waste Adsorbent

The population growth and the industrial revolution caused severe environmental pollution, especially pollution of clean water availability. Several ways have been conducted to overcome the pollution of clean water availability, one of which is by the adsorption of metal and cellulose-based waste materials as a hybrid catalyst. This study aims to fabricate and modify a hybrid catalyst composed of cellulose in the form of nanosized fibrils. Cellulose can be used as a catalyst by incorporating Fe from magnetite (Fe3O4) and can work effectively as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye waste. The method used in this research is a modified coprecipitation method by combining cellulose and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Hybrid Catalyst of Fe3O4/Cellulose Nanocomposite-Base has been successfully characterized by using XRD, SEM-EDX, and UV-Vis, respectively to determine the particle structure, morphology, and adsorption capacity of the sample. The results of data analysis showed that Fe3O4/Cellulose could purify MB solution depending on the ratio of Fe3O4 and the mass of cellulose used. The higher the mass ratio of cellulose to Fe3O4, the absorbance value of the Fe3O4/Cellulose nanoparticle sample increases.

Study on Adsorption of Synthetic Dye via Nano-Particles Sandwiched between Two Layers of R-Pet Aerogel

Abstract-Due to increase in demand of textile products, there is much increase in use of synthetic dyes used for the textile products. So it results into tones of waste dye bath water discharge into water bodies causing problems for aquatic & human life. Similarly, there is also increase in use of PET bottles in day to day life and these used PET bottles are not being recycled in required numbers, resulting into PET bottles ending into landfills for years. In this research, we were able to absorb synthetic dye from dye solution successfully with the help of nano-particles sandwiched between R-PET aerogel. Here R-PET aerogel was made from used PET bottles converting waste for its best use. The R-PET aerogel and nano-particles were synthesized in laboratory. Furthermore, this adsorption process with the help of R-PET aerogel used as substrate and nano particles sandwiched between R-PET aerogel showed satisfactory result in adsorption of synthetic dye from dye solution. It is highly hoped that this study would further help to understand adsorption of synthetic dyes via R-PET aerogel substrate and nano particles.

Preparation of cellulose gel extracted from rice straw and its application for metal ion removal from aqueous solutions

Rice straw waste was used to extract natural cellulose fibers, which was then chemically converted to cellulose gel. Both extracted cellulose and modified cellulose (gel) were characterized using different techniques and used for biosorption of b+arium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and cadmium. Both celluloses' chemical compositions were investigated. The FT-IR, XRD, TEM, and SEM results all support the success of the proposed chemical modification. Because of the increase in pore size within the gel composition, the metal sorption capability of the final chelating material (gel) was greater than that of extracted cellulose. The experimental data were fit to the sorption isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. This new modified biopolymer's behaviour suggested that it could be used as a promising sorbent for cation removal from polluted dye baths and waste water. Furthermore, this modified cellulose was prepared as cheap material extracted from the rise waste which helping in protection of the environment and it was confirm excellent behaviour in the removal heavy metals from their aqueous solution compared to the previous materials reported before.

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Modified Bentonite for Photodegradation in Methylene Blue Dye

Dye is one of the waste waters, which will be a problem if the content is excessive in the water. Modifying bentonite with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst for removal of dye waste. In this study, composite synthesis was carried out by mixing bentonite and TiO2 suspensions. The mass of bentonite is 20 g, and the mass variations of TiO2 are 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. The resulting composite was heated using a furnace at 550°C for 5 hours. Bentonite-TiO2 composites were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared, X-Ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). Photodegradation of methylene blue dye with bentonite-TiO2 was carried out by varying the mass of bentonite-TiO2 photocatalysts (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 g); variations in pH (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9), and variations in UV irradiation time (30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes). The results of characterization with FTIR showed the presence of Ti-O-Ti vibrations at wavenumber 1419 cm-1 and Si-O-Ti at wave numbers 780 cm-1 and 799 cm-1. Characterization of 20% bentonite-TiO2 by XRD showed rutile, anatase, and montmorillonite phases. The SEM-EDX bentonite-TiO2 characterization results produced some small particles with a layered structure with TiO2 particles clumping and still in the form of agglomerates, and the EDX results showed the chemical composition of Si and Ti. The results of photodegradation showed that the best activity for the bentonite-TiO2 composite occurred in photocatalyst BT-20% with a mass of 0.08 g, pH 1, and UV irradiation time of 120 minutes with methylene blue 99.942% degraded.

Synthesis of Solar Light Active Reduced Graphene Oxide-ZnS Nanomaterial for Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Applications.

Good water quality is essential for life; therefore, decolorizing and detoxifying organic dye wastes (textile effluents) have gained immense environmental importance in recent years. Thus, the degradation of wastewater has become a potential need for our environment. This research aims to synthesize and investigate a ceramic-based nanomaterial catalyst for the degradation of dye solution under exposure to sunlight. A reduced graphene oxide-ZnS (rGO-ZnS) nanomaterial was qualitatively synthesized using a solvothermal method. The prepared nanomaterial was characterized using XRD, SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, XPS, and FT-IR techniques. The photocatalytic activity of the rGO-ZnS nanomaterial was checked using oxidative photocatalytic degradation of naphthol blue black dye (NBB) under direct sunlight irradiation. Here, the rGO/ZnS composite showed a significant photocatalytic performance to degraded NBB (93.7%) under direct solar light. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) measurements confirmed the mineralization of the dye. The influence of different radical scavengers on NBB degradation was studied. Optimum conditions for efficient degradation were determined. The antibacterial property of the prepared catalyst was studied.

Design of a Batik Coloring Waste Treatment Tool Using the Electrocoagulation Method with a Capacity of 50 Liters

Batik coloring still uses synthetic dyes, so the disposal of coloring waste should not be careless. Most batik craftsmen process their batik waste by settling the waste liquid for a long time. The process is very ineffective. The purpose of this research is to design a batik processing tool that is cheap and effective. The research method uses the electrocoagulation method. The electrocoagulation method is an electrochemical water treatment. The design of this batik waste treatment tool consists of five parts including: (1) Electrocoagulation Tub, (2) Skimmer, (3) Electrode, (4) Sand Filter, and (5) Studge Drying Bed. This tool works with 900 watts of power with an output of 20-40 volts DC. The capacity of liquid waste is 50 liters. Duration of waste treatment for 2 hours. The electrocoagulation method is able to reduce the values of BOD5, COD, TSS, and TDS in batik dye waste. The pH of wastewater which is still high can be reduced by giving alum.

UV Light‐Assisted Photodegradation of Industrial Dyes by Reduced Graphene Oxide/Nickel Codoped Fe3O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized Using the Coprecipitation Method

Industrial dye waste is highly toxic, nonbiodegradable, and has a significant negative impact on the environment. Photodegradation of phenothiazine derivative dyes by undoped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4), reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐doped Fe3O4 nanocomposites (G@Fe3O4), nickel‐doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Ni@Fe3O4), and graphene–nickel codoped Fe3O4 nanocomposites (Ni/G@Fe3O4) is achieved using a facile coprecipitation technique. The X‐ray powder diffraction patterns of all the prepared samples confirm the face‐centered cubic structure of metallic Fe3O4. The crystallite size of the Ni‐doped samples increases, indicating that the addition of Ni2+ significantly increases the crystalline grain growth of Fe3O4, whereas the addition of graphene dopants results in a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the bandgap. The higher specific surface area of Ni/G@Fe3O4 (70.082 m2 g−1) is attributed to the introduction of rGO nanoflakes and the formation of secondary pores. The X‐ray photoelectron spectra of O 1s, C 1s, Ni 2p, and Fe 2p confirm the presence of oxygen anions, graphene, Ni2+ ions, and Fe3+ and Fe2+ oxidation states in the Fe3O4 lattice.

Ionothermal synthesis of activated carbon from waste pet bottles for dye waste water treatment

The production and use of poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles in packaging have increased significantly. Thus, PET bottles have become a significant plastic waste with environmental problems. Currently, the conventional methods for producing activated carbons (ACs) from waste PET are unsustainable, complex, and unfeasible. As a result, ionothermal synthesis (IS) of waste PET bottles impregnated with choline chloride-urea (CU) deep eutectic solvent (DES) was carried out in order to prepare ACs. The obtained ACs were characterized using XRD, CHNS Elemental analysis and FTIR. The as-prepared ACs were effective as adsorbents for dye adsorption from dye waste water. Specifically, the AC obtained from pristine waste PET bottles (956 mgg−1 at 100 ppm) displayed higher adsorptive capacity compared to the ACs obtained from CU-DES impregnated PET flakes (550mgg−1 at 100ppm). Even though it was expected that the use of CU-DES required no post-synthesis washing or higher temperature treatments might be required to improve the adsorptive capacity of the ACs obtained from IS.This research work established that the synthesis of AC from abundant waste PET bottles using a sustainable and facile method could facilitate its commercial application. Also, this work represents the first attempt to produce activated carbons from PET using low temperature annealing in the presence of limited air, instead of the usual pyrolysis.

Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye in Wastewater Using Ozonation Method with H2O2 Catalyst

Water pollution is still a serious problem in Indonesia. One of the pollutants that contribute to water pollution is dye. One type of dye that is often used in the textile industry is methylene blue. There are several methods for treating dye waste, one of which is the ozonation method. Ozonation is a chemical oxidation process to remove the color of organic dyes. The catalytic ozonation process can increase the ability of ozone in sewage treatment. The catalyst used is H2O2 which can decompose into OH radicals. OH radicals have a higher reduction potential than other oxidizing agents. Ozonation research with H2O2 catalyst aims to determine changes in the concentration of dyes, COD and BOD5. In testing the ozonation time (0.15,30,45,60) minutes, the pH conditions (5,7,9) and the total mass concentration of H2O2 (0.2,5,5,7,5,10) % showed that the longer the time ozonation, the higher the pH value. and the more H2O2 used, the less concentration of dye, COD and BOD5.

Newly Isolated Ligninolytic Bacteria and Its Applications for Multiple Dye Degradation

The textile industry is expanding globally and is considered the backbone of the world’s largest source of foreign exchange. The development of the textile industry has caused environmental contamination due to its dye waste, which is complex and very difficult to resolve with chemical and physical treatments. Azo dye is one of the most widely used dyes in textile and other industries. It is one of the significantly toxic dyes, and when released in water bodies, it causes a serious threat to the environment. A bacterial strain having the potential to degrade a variety of azo dyes such as Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), Alizarin Red S (AR), and Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) was isolated from soil samples in the wood weathering area and further identified and characterized. Ligninolytic microorganisms produce laccase enzymes, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and other enzymes that can decolorize dye waste from the textile industry. The research phase was qualitative and quantitative tests of ligninolytic bacteria in the decolorization process using several selected synthetic dyes, antagonism tests, and identification of potential bacteria based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The L11 isolate showed high performance on CR dye of 82.79%, L1 isolate on dye AR of 40.51%, L7 isolate on dye MB of 38.69%, and L8 isolate on RBBR dye of 30.34%. The L11 isolate with the highest potency was identified as Bacillus paramycoides K7.2 with a similarity of 99.71%. After 7 days of incubation, the quantitative test findings are the same as the qualitative test results, with isolate L11 having the largest clear zone on CR, AR, and RBBR dyes.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O/ZnO/GO Nanocomposites on the Methylene Blue Degradation

This study synthesized nanocomposite photocatalyst materials from a mixture of Cu2O nanoparticles, ZnO nanoparticles, and graphene oxide (GO) through coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. This study aims to determine the optimum composition of Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites in degrading methylene blue. The nanocomposite was synthesized in two steps: 1 the synthesis of Cu2O and ZnO nanoparticles through the coprecipitation method and the preparation of GO through the modified Hummer method. 2 The preparation of Cu2O and ZnO nanoparticles mixtures with GO through the hydrothermal method to form Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites. The adsorption-photocatalysis process of methylene blue was done with UV light from a halogen lamp. The characterization results indicated that the optimum composition was Cu2O/ZnO nanocomposite with a ratio of 1:2 and 10% of GO, which had a specific surface area of 35.874 m2 g-1, a pore radius of 19.073 nm, and a pore volume of 0.092 cm3 g-1, and a diameter crystalline of 31.19 nm. The degradation efficiency of methylene blue under UV light for 120 minutes were 82.0%, 86.0%, 91.4%, and 79.3% using the Cu2O/ZnO nanocomposites with GO of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%, respectively. These results indicated that Cu2O/ZnO/GO nanocomposites efficiently degrade methylene blue from textile dye waste.

Comprehensive evaluation of zeolite/marine alga nanocomposite in the removal of waste dye from industrial wastewater

A systematic study integrating laboratory, analytical, and case study field trial was conducted to figure out the effective adsorbent that could be used for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from industrial wastewater effluent. The ability of the zeolite (Z) to adsorb CR dye from aqueous solutions was evaluated after it was modified by the Cystoseira compressa algae (CC) (Egyptian marine algae). Zeolite, CC algae were combined together in order to form the new composite zeolite/algae composite (ZCC) using wet impregnation technique and then characterized by the aid of different techniques. A noticeable enhancement in the adsorption capacity of newly synthesized ZCC was observed if compared to Z and CC, particularly at low CR concentrations. The batch style experiment was selected to figure out the impact of various experimental conditions on the adsorption behavior of different adsorbents. Moreover, isotherms and kinetics were estimated. According to the experimental results, the newly synthesized ZCC composite might be applied optimistically as an adsorbent for eliminating anionic dye molecules from industrial wastewater at low dye concentration. The dye adsorption on Z and ZCC followed the Langmuir isotherm, while that of CC followed the Freundlich isotherm. The dye adsorption kinetics on ZCC, CC, and Z were agreed with Elovich, intra-particle, and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, correspondingly. Adsorption mechanisms were also assessed using Weber's intraparticle diffusion model. Finally, field tests showed that the newly synthesized sorbent has a 98.5% efficient in eliminating dyes from industrial wastewater, authorizing the foundation for a recent eco-friendly adsorbent that facilitate industrial wastewater reuse.

THE USE OF NITRIC ACID AS A PERLITE ACTIVATOR IN ADSORBING METHYLENE BLUE

Industrial activities in modern times that are growing rapidly can cause environmental problems. This is due to the increasing amount of waste generated due to increased production. Untreated dye waste can inhibit sunlight penetration, photosynthesis activity, and the growth of aquatic biota. One of the dye wastes that is often found is methylene blue. Processing of methylene blue dye can use a practical adsorption method, easy to do at a low cost. This study showed the results of methylene blue adsorption using activated perlite nitric acid adsorbent. The best activity of perlite in adsorbing methylene blue is at pH 9 with a contact time of 180 minutes which results in a maximum adsorption capacity of 3,873 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics used followed a pseudo second order-model with consecutive k and q values of 0.0055 g/mg.min and 3.3102 mg/g, while the adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model with qmax and KL values of 3.873 mg/g and 0.5822 L/mg, respectively.

Methylene Blue biodecolorization and biodegradation by immobilized mixed cultures of Trichoderma viride and Ralstonia pickettii into SA-PVA-Bentonite matrix

The problem of industrial dye wastewater poses a critical environmental challenge that demands urgent attention. This is because the direct release of synthetic dyes such as Methylene Blue (MB) into water bodies has been found to have adverse effects on the environment. Therefore, this study aimed to propose immobilization of a mixed Trichoderma viride and Ralstonia pickettii culture into Sodium alginate–Polyvinyl Alcohol-Bentonite (SA-PVA-Bentonite) matrix as a development method for MB decolorization and degradation. Immobilization process was carried out using the entrapment method, where bacteria and fungi cells were homogenized into the SA-PVA-Bentonite matrix. The results showed that immobilized culture (IMO Mix) outperformed the free cells in Mineral Salt Medium (MSM), achieving an impressive 97.88% decolorization rate for 48 h at 30 °C. Furthermore, a total of 3 metabolite product degradation were produced including Azure A and C, as well as Thionine by LCMS analysis. SEM-EDX analysis confirmed that culture was agglomerated within the SA-PVA-Bentonite matrix, while FTIR demonstrated the functional groups of the synthesized beads. Meanwhile, the difference in charge of bentonite facilitated the adsorption of MB onto the beads, and mixed culture supported the degradation process. This study presented a potential solution to environmental problems, particularly those related to the industrial sector. Further analysis was required to address the challenges associated with other industrial dye waste.

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2-Chitosan Beads and Its Application as A Degradation Agent of Methylene Blue

Dye waste is an environmental problem that has a negative impact on the ecosystem. One way to overcome this is by chemically degrading dyes using photocatalyst materials. TiO2 is one of the photocatalysts that can be synthesized by utilizing microwave radiation which is transferred directly to the material. This method takes a short amount of time so it can be completed in a very short time. TiO2 powder has the disadvantage that it is difficult to separate from the waste solution. TiO2 can be modified into beads by utilizing chitosan to produce TiO2-chitosan beads (TCB). In this research, the synthesis of TiO2 was carried out using microwave, followed by modification with chitosan to produce TCB and then its application in the degradation of methylene blue dye waste at various pH, concentration and contact time variations. Material characterization was carried out by determining the surface area of the material using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), band gap energy with UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectrocopy (UV-Vis DRS), crystal phase with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and surface morphology with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that the synthesized TiO2 has anatase crystalline phase with an average crystal size of 18.85 nm and a bandgap energy of 3.16 eV. The TCB surface morphology indicated the successful impregnation of TiO2 on the chitosan. This study showed that the optimum performance of TCB was at pH 11 within 5 min and kinetic analysis results follows 2nd order. HIGHLIGHTS Methylene blue dye waste pollutes the aquatic environment TiO2 as a photocatalyst can degrade methylene blue Chitosan is an abundant natural polymer which has high adsorption ability TiO2-chitosan beads material was synthesized to facilitate the separation of the material from the liquid after photodegradation process GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT