Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Solar Cells Research Articles

Impact of blocking layers based on TiO2 and ZnO prepared via direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on DSSC solar cells

The optimization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) technology towards suppressing charge recombination between the contact and the electron transport layer is a key factor in achieving high conversion efficiency and the successful commercialization of this type of product. An important aspect of the DSSC structure is the front blocking layer (BL): optimizing this component may increase the efficiency of photoelectron transfer from the dye to the semiconductor by reduction charge recombination at the TiO2/electrolyte and FTO/electrolyte interfaces. In this paper, a series of blocking layer variants, based on TiO2 and ZnO:TiO2, were obtained using the reactive magnetron sputtering method. Material composition, structure and layer thickness were referred to each process parameters. Complete DSSCs with structure FTO/BL/m-TiO2@N719/ EL-HSE/Pt/FTO were obtained on such bases. In the final results, verification of opto-electrical parameters of these cells were tested and used for the conclusions on the optimal blocking layer composition. As the conclusion, application of blocking layer consists of neat TiO2 resulted in improvement of device efficiency. It should be noted that for TiO2:ZnO/CuxO and TiO2/CuxO cells, higher efficiencies were also achieved when pure TiO2 was used as window layer. Additionally it was proven that the admixture of ZnO phase inspires Voc and FF growth, but is overall unfavorable compared to pristine TiO2 blocking layer and the reference cell, according to the final cell efficiency.

The brief study of ZnO/PEDOT:PSS counter electrode in DSSC Based on solid electrolyte YSZ

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic technology that is eco-friendly, has affordable costs, an easy fabrication process, and high power conversion efficiency. The application of solid electrolytes in DSSC is a promising option compared to using liquid electrolytes because liquid electrolytes easily cause corrosion on the photoanode and counter electrode. The role of the counter electrode in DSSC is crucial to speed up the electron transfer process to enhance the performance of DSSC devices. Much research on DSSC still uses a lot of platinum and graphene which are relatively expensive and supplies are limited. Therefore, this research will develop a low-cost and easy to fabricate counter electrode made of ZnO/PEDOT:PSS composite. Adding ZnO in PEDOT:PSS polymer can obtain higher catalytic activity, that can accelerate oxidation–reduction reactions to improve the performance of DSSC solar cells. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of ZnO mass to the ZnO/PEDOT: PSS composite can increase lattice parameters, crystal size, porosity values, and light absorbance. Based on the I-V testing, it shows that the addition of ZnO mass to the ZnO/PEDOT:PSS composite results in the highest efficiency of 3.29%.

Studies and comparison of natural dye-sensitized solar cells and thin-film solar cells

A significant effort is presently underway to improve the efficiency of limited sustainable energy devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one of the most efficient and promising photovoltaic technologies. Tomato and strawberry syrups were used as natural sensitizers of anatase-based nanostructured TiO2 and coated ITO conducting glass to create a generic method for the fabrication of natural dye-sensitized solar cells. The remarkable value of voltage and current was noticed by using a sample preparation method. In addition, CuO thin-film solar cell has been fabricated using DC sputtering to compare with the DSSC solar cells. The low voltage and current values are observed for CuO solar cells, whereas, DSSC solar cells show a good value of efficiency as 1.25 × 10−6 % and 0.14 × 10–6 % for tomato and strawberry syrups respectively, under 775 W/m2 (Sunlight intensity).

Bi-Triggering Energy Harvesters: Is It Possible to Generate Energy in a Solar Panel under Any Conditions?

In this review, the concept of a hybrid solar cell system, called all-weather solar cells, a new view on energy harvesting device design, is introduced and described in detail. Additionally, some critical economical, technological, and ecological aspects are discussed. Due to drastic global climate changes, traditional energy harvesting devices relying only on solar energy are becoming less adaptive, hence the need for redesigning photovoltaic systems. In this work, alternative energy harvesting technologies, such as piezoelectric and triboelectric devices, and photoelectron storage, that can be used widely as supporting systems to traditional photovoltaic systems are analysed in detail, based on the available literature. Finally, some examples of all-weather solar cells composed of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and silicon solar cells, often modified with graphene oxide or phosphors materials, as new perspective trends in nanotechnology are presented. Two types of solar cell triggers are analysed: (i) solar cells working during day and night (DSSC with phosphors materials), and (ii) solar cells working under sun and rain conditions (piezoelectric and triboelectric silicon or DSSC solar cells).

STUDI AWAL FABRIKASI SEL SURYA BERBASIS DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR SEL (DSSC) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK BUAH DAN DAUN SIRSAK (ANNONA MURICATA L) SEBAGAI FOTOSENSITIZER

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one type of solar cell base on organic dyies. There are many dye is from extract of plants (leave, fruit and grass) are potential as dye sensitized. In this research, the extract is come from fruit and Leaf of soursop (annona muricata L). This study aims to find great efficiency resulting from the use of extracts of the fruit and leaves of the soursop base DSSCs solar cells. The deposition method are used in this research is the Doctor blade method. Based on the results obtained from this study, DSSC efficiency of the use of soursop leaf extract is equal to 0.00104% with dye absorption spectrum in the UV region of the range 241 nm - 399.5 nm while for Visible area 502.5 nm - 664.5 nm, absorption is highest wavelength at 290 nm with the absorbance of 5.373. As for the sample of soursop fruit is in the amount of 0.005832% with dye absorption spectrum is found only in the UV region of the range of 245.5 nm - 289.5 nm, the wavelength of absorption is highest at 289.5 nm with the absorbance of 5.434. The efficiency of the dye higher soursop fruit extract from the leaves of the soursop.

Preparation of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using isolated anthocyanin fromfruit sat (melastomamalabathricum l) dicopimented with salicylic acid as dye

A study has been conducted on the use of anthocyanin extract from fruits (Melastomamalabthricum L), which was incubated by the addition of salicylic acid as photosensitizer in DSSC solar cells. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum condition of the extracts of copigmenation which resulted in the optimum efficiency of DSSC solar cells by increasing the absorption ability of anthocyanin pigment photons.The method used is the method of copigmentation. Copigmentation is an anthocyanin reaction with a copigment compound to form a more complex anthocyanin structure with a number of double bonds that can absorb more photons than the original anthocyanin.. The results of dye characterization using UV-Vis and FTIR indicate a wider absorption spectrum and a more complex structure in antigianated anthocyanins when compared without copigmentation. Based on the results of the characterization of the prepared TiO2 thin film, obtained crystal size of TiO2 used ranged from 27.377 to 64.738 nm with a width of200-950 nm photocathode spekrum absorption. Based on the results of the research, it is found that the antiganant extract can be increased by DSSC solar cell efficiency from 0.62% to 1.32% with 24 hours of copigmentation time and 1: 2 concentration of concentration.

ENHANCED PERFORMANCE OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS USING MELINJO PEEL (GNETUM GNEMON) DYE AS SENSITIZER

It has been successfully identified and characterized by dye Melinjo peel (Gnetum gnemon) as an active material for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). The sample is formed in the structure of a working pair of electrode sandwiches and opposing electrodes. The dye extraction process (Dye) of the melinjo was stirred for 1 hour and then left to stand for 24 hours but there were only differences in how to doping dye into TiO2.Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the photochemical electrical cells consisting of a photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode. The purpose of using dyes in the DSSC is to extend the absorption spectrum to visible light because visible light has about 96% energy from sunlight. This article presents some experimental data on the nature of absorbance and the conductivity of natural dyes extracted from the plant as an application in the DSSC. Absorbance test using Spectrophotometer UV Visible 1601 PC and electrical properties test using Elkahfi 100 / Meter I-V. DSSC fabrication has been done using dye extract of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) with a variety of immersion technique of drops and soak. The results show that natural dyes from natural material extraction have an absorbance spectrum of 380-520 nm range and the greatest conductivity is owned by melinjo (Gnetum gnemon). From the results of the test using AM Simulator 1.5G (100 mW / cm2) diesel simulator, it was found that the volume of TiO2 precursors affected the performance of DSSC solar cells and the overall conversion efficiency was 0.03% for the melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) dye by drops technique and 0.009% for the melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) dye by soak technique.

Sol-gel synthesized plasmonic nanoparticles and their integration into dye sensitized solar cells

In the present study, we synthesized silver nanoparticles in titanosilicate matrix through low cost non-hydrolytic sol-gel method using titanium isopropoxide (TIP), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS, (Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 ) and ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) as solvents. These were investigated for the plasmonic effect of nanoparticles in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The fabricated dye-sensitized solar cells with Ag: SiO 2 -TiO 2 films coated in fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass plate with dye of amaranthus red shows an improved output voltage. The samples were optically and structurally well studied by absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The XRD studies confirmed the crystalline nature of TiO 2 and Ag. • Synthesis and structural characterization of plasmonic nanoparticles obtained through non hydrolytic sol-gel method. • Integration of plasmonic nanoparticles into DSSC solar cells. • Fine tuning the efficiency of DSSC using an optimum amount of Organic dye and Plasmonic nano particles

Improved Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells With TiO2 Nano-Particles by Using The Carrot as a Dye Solar Cell Application

The aims of the research to were know performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using the dye of carrots (Daucus carota) as a photosensitizer with a variation of dye deposition area with spin coating techniques. The structure of the samples as a sandwich consisting of the working electrode titanium dioxide (TiO2), dye, electrodes of platinum (Pt) and the electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes. Test absorbance dye using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Lambda 25, using a two-point conductivity test probes El Kahfi 100 and characterization test IV using a Keithley 2602A.. DSSC fabrication has been done using dye extract of carrots (Daucus carota) with a variety of solvent technique spin coating. The results show that dye extract of carrots (Daucus carota) have an absorbance spectrum of 380-520 nm range. From the results of the test using AM Simulator 1.5G (100 mW/ cm2) diesel simulator, it was found that the volume of TiO2 precursors affected the performance of DSSC solar cells and the overall conversion efficiency was 0.021% for the carrots (Daucus carota) dye with ethanol solvent and 0.037% for the carrots (Daucus carota) dye by solvent acetone.

THE EFFICIENCY OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL (DSSC) IMPROVEMENT AS A LIGHT PARTY TiO2-NANO PARTICLE WITH EXTRACT PIGMENT MANGOSTANA PEEL (Garcinia Mangostana) WITH VARIOUS SOLVENTS

The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the photochemical electrical cells consisting of a photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode. The purpose of using dyes in the DSSC is to extend the absorption spectrum to visible light because visible light has about 96% energy from sunlight. This article presents some experimental data on the nature of absorbance and the conductivity of natural dyes extracted from the plant as an application in the DSSC. Absorbance test using Spectrophotometer UV Visible 1601 PC and electrical properties test using Elkahfi 100 / Meter I-V. DSSC fabrication has been done using dye extract of mangosteen skin pigment (Garcinia mangostana) with a variety of coating technique of Spin Coating and Slip Casting. The results show that natural dyes from natural material extraction have an absorbance spectrum of 380-520 nm range and the greatest conductivity is owned by mangosteen fruit skin pigment (Garcinia mangostana). From the results of the test using AM Simulator 1.5G (100 mW / cm2) diesel simulator, it was found that the volume of TiO2 precursors affected the performance of DSSC solar cells and the overall conversion efficiency was 0.084% for the mangosteen skin dye by slip casting technique and 0.092% for the mangosteen skin dye by spin coating technique.

Making Prototype Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (Dssc) Based On Tio2 Nanopory Using Extraction Of Mangosteen Peel (Garnicia Mangostana)

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the photochemical electrical cells consisting of a photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode. The manufacture of prototype Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) utilizes carotene from the dye extract of mangosteen peel pigment (Garnicia mangostana). This study aims to create a Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and know the efficiency it produces. This Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) consists of a pair of FTO (Flour-doped in oxide) glass intercepts facing each other. The glass acts as an electrode and counter electrode and separated by a redox electrolyte (I- / I3-), arranged to flank each other to form a wafer. In the electrode, is deposited a porous nanocrystalline TiO2 layer, as well as dye extract of mangosteen peel pigment (Garnicia mangostana). While on the counter electrode coated with a layer of platinum. This article presents some experimental data on absorbance properties and the conductivity of dye extract of mangosteen peel pigment (Garnicia mangostana) as an application in DSSC. Absorbance test using Spectrophotometer UV Visible 1601 PC and electrical properties test using Elkahfi 100 / Meter I-V. DSSC fabrication has been done using dye extract of mangosteen peel pigment (Garnicia mangostana) with coating spin coating technique. The results showed that the dye extract of mangosteen peel pigment (Garnicia mangostana) had an absorbance spectrum of 380-520 nm range. From the test results using AM 1.5G solar simulator (100 mW / cm2), it was found that the volume of TiO2 precursors affected the performance of DSSC solar cells and the overall conversion efficiency was 0.092%.

A Novel of Buton Asphalt and Methylene Blue as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell using TiO2/Ti Nanotubes Electrode

A study of TiO2/Ti nanotubes arrays (NTAs) based on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) used Asphalt Buton (Asbuton) extract and methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer dye has been conducted. The aim of this research is that the Asbuton extract and Methylene Blue (MB) performance as a dye on DSSC solar cells is able to obtain the voltage-currents produced by visible light irradiation. Electrode TiO2/Ti NTAs have been successfully synthesized by anodizing methods, then characterized by using XRD showed that the anatase crystals formed. Subsequently, the morphology showed that the nanotubes formed which has coated by Asbuton extract. The DSSC system was formed by a sandwich structure and tested by using Multimeter Digital with Potentiostat instrument. The characteristics of current (I) and potential (V) versus time indicated that the Asbuton was obtained in a high-performance in 30s of 14,000µV; 0.844µA, meanwhile MB dyes were 8,000µV;0.573µA. Based on this research, the Asbuton extract from Buton Island-Southeast Sulawesi-Indonesia was potential for natural dyes in DSSC system.

Fabrication of dye natural as a photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study was to obtain optical properties (absorption spectrum) and electrical properties (photoconductivity) of organic dyes in DSSC performance. optical and electrical properties were tested by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and Elkahfi 1601 PC 100 / IV meter, respectively, while Keithley Type 2600A is used for the characterization of DSSC. This study is a great base to explore and investigate the development of DSSC solar cells using natural dyes (organic). Spectra optimal absorption and photoconductivity produced by natural dyes (organic). The results of this study indicate that the absorption spectrum of natural dyes (organic) in the range of 300-500 nm. electrical characteristics (I-V) of the increase in linear dye under illumination. I-V characteristics of DSSC from organically produced natural dyes to color the biggest-mangosteen obtained Voc of 565 mV; JSC = 1.52 A / m2; FF = 0.12; and η_ef is approximately 0.09%, respectively,. The conclusion of this study, natural dyes (organic) can be an attractive alternative as a dye.</p>

Fabrication of dye natural as a photosensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC)

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study was to obtain optical properties (absorption spectrum) and electrical properties (photoconductivity) of organic dyes in DSSC performance. optical and electrical properties were tested by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and Elkahfi 1601 PC 100 / IV meter, respectively, while Keithley Type 2600A is used for the characterization of DSSC. This study is a great base to explore and investigate the development of DSSC solar cells using natural dyes (organic). Spectra optimal absorption and photoconductivity produced by natural dyes (organic). The results of this study indicate that the absorption spectrum of natural dyes (organic) in the range of 300-500 nm. electrical characteristics (I-V) of the increase in linear dye under illumination. I-V characteristics of DSSC from organically produced natural dyes to color the biggest-mangosteen obtained Voc of 565 mV; JSC = 1.52 A / m2; FF = 0.12; and η_ef is approximately 0.09%, respectively,. The conclusion of this study, natural dyes (organic) can be an attractive alternative as a dye.</p>

Graphene Effect on Efficiency of TiO2-based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)

Colloidal paste of TiO2 embedded with graphene (GS) was fabricated and used to spread TiO\(_2\) film photo-electrode of DSSC solar cells. The dye N179 and Iodine-based electrolyte were used in the DSSC solar cells. Raman scattering, SEM images were used to identify the material phases and microstructure of the film photo-electrode. I/V characteristics of the DSSC cells were recorded at room temperature. Open-circuit voltage Voc, short-current \(J_{sc}\) and efficiency η of the DSSC cells were estimated. It shows that graphene addition has affected on \(V_{oc}\),\(J_{sc}\) and \(\eta\). The \(V_{oc}\),\(J_{sc}\) and \(\eta\) abnormally depend on graphene content. The efficiency reached a maximal value with graphen concentration of 0.005 wt %, after that decreased. It is supposed to be related with an improving the charge transfer in the working photo-electrode of DSSC.

Optical Absorption Spectra and Electronic Properties of Symmetric and Asymmetric Squaraine Dyes for Use in DSSC Solar Cells: DFT and TD-DFT Studies.

The electronic absorption spectra, ground-state geometries and electronic structures of symmetric and asymmetric squaraine dyes (SQD1–SQD4) were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-DFT) density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. The calculated ground-state geometries reveal pronounced conjugation in these dyes. Long-range corrected time dependent density functionals Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (PBE, PBE1PBE (PBE0)), and the exchange functional of Tao, Perdew, Staroverov, and Scuseria (TPSSh) with 6-311++G** basis set were employed to examine optical absorption properties. In an extensive comparison between the optical data and DFT benchmark calculations, the BEP functional with 6-311++G** basis set was found to be the most appropriate in describing the electronic absorption spectra. The calculated energy values of lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) were 3.41, 3.19, 3.38 and 3.23 eV for SQD1, SQD2, SQD3, and SQD4, respectively. These values lie above the LUMO energy (−4.26 eV) of the conduction band of TiO2 nanoparticles indicating possible electron injection from the excited dyes to the conduction band of the TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Also, aromaticity computation for these dyes are in good agreement with the data obtained optically and geometrically with SQD4 as the highest aromatic structure. Based on the optimized molecular geometries, relative positions of the frontier orbitals, and the absorption maxima, we propose that these dyes are suitable components of photovoltaic DSSC devices.

Effect of Spectral Irradiance Variations on the Performance of Highly Efficient Environment-Friendly Solar Cells

The increasing environmental concerns on photovoltaic (PV) materials have attracted much attention to environment-friendly materials for solar energy conversion. In this paper, the environment-friendly materials based on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), CuZnSnSSe2 (CZTS), and CH3NH3SnI3 based on perovskite solar cells have been studied for their spectral dependence at selected different locations with varying parameters such as air mass, aerosol optical depth, and precipitable water. The spectral dependences of the materials have been obtained by the use of the spectral factor, and ground-based long-term climatologies in conjunction with the Simple Model of the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer of Sunshine have been used. Results show that the perovskite and DSSC solar cells show an important spectral dependence with annual spectral gains up to 3% and spectral losses up to −15%. On the other hand, CZTS solar cells show a low spectral dependence with annual spectral gains up to 2% and spectral losses up to −4%.

Single-step fabrication of all-solid dye-sensitized solar cells using solution-processable precursor

A one-pot, solution-processable fabrication method of dye-sensitized bulk heterojunction solar cell is employed to provide an alternate and analogous fabrication perspective for all-solid dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in a single step. All-solid DSSCs of ZnO/dye/polythiophene derivative (P3HT) are fabricated from a soluble precursor solution of diethylzinc (DEZ), dye and P3HT. Owing to its air and moisture sensitivity, DEZ is decomposed on P3HT layer to form bicontinuous structures of ZnO and P3HT between which dyes are sandwiched. The photoaction spectrum of all-solid DSSC shows that it covered wavelengths up to 750 nm, leading to the conclusion that panchromatic photon harvesting and electron collection are possible due to the synergistic photon harvesting by both the P3HT and the dye sensitizer. ZnO/dye/P3HT interfaces of all-solid DSSC solar cells prepared by a single-step fabrication process.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) from Black Rice and its Performance Improvement by Depositing Interconnected Copper (Copper Bridge) into the Space between TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) which employed natural dye from black rice has been successfully fabricated and improved its performance by depositing interconnected copper (copper bridge) on the space between TiO2. The copper bridge has significant role in minimizing recombination of electron-hole which occurred in TiO2 surface by trapping electron and facilitating to anode. The presence of interconnected copper nanoparticle in the space between TiO2 nanoparticle was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The current-voltage (I-V) characterization of DSSC solar cells by using Keithley 617 was also performed to investigate performance of solar cells under sun illumination in varying intensities. It is found that performance of copper coated DSSC solar cells (efficiency 0.35% and fill factor 0.35) is higher than DSSC without copper coating (efficiency 0.17% and fill factor 0.35). This result is consistent with impedance spectroscopy analyzing where the internal resistance of copper coated DSSC solar cells is lower than DSSC without coated. It is concluded that performance of DSSC increasing with decreasing of internal resistance. Our finding is higher than other researcher reports in Ref. [13] and [14] with similar structure and kind of natural dye. In addition, this paper also reports the use of polymer electrolyte which employing polyvinyl acetate (PVA) containing lithium ion to maintain long-term stability of device.

ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized and Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Using TiO2 and ZnO Nanostructures: Recent Progress and New Concepts at the Borderline

AbstractReview: 230 refs.