Activity For Degradation Of Dye Research Articles

CuS Nanoparticles Trigger Sulfite for Fast Degradation of Organic Dyes under Dark Conditions.

CuS nanoparticles (CuS NPs) were synthesized by a simple precipitation method using rice starch water as a capping and reducing agent. The phase composition, morphology, absorbance, chemical bonds, and chemical states of the CuS NPs were investigated systematically and then examined for dye degradation catalytic activity with or without sulfite (SO32–) under dark conditions. Herein, we observed two reaction trends after the addition of SO32– in a CuS NPs/dye system, first substantially enhanced dye degradation and second greater degradation activity between reaction time interval “t” 0–12 min. The redox cycling of Cu(II)/Cu(I) and oxidized sulfur (SOx2–) species on the surface of CuS NPs played a major role for the activation of SO32– and generation and transformation of a sulfite radical (•SO3–) into a sulfate radical (•SO4–). Scavenging studies of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revealed that •SO4– was major reactive species involved in dye degradation. Our study showed that SO32– acted as a source and CuS NP surface acted as an SO32– activating agent for the generation of •SO4–, which degrades the dyes. The activation pathway of SO32– and generation pathway of relevant ROS were proposed.

WO3 films prepared by anodic oxidation in acid electrolytes and their photocatalytic activity of organic dye degradation

WO3 films prepared by anodic oxidation in acid electrolytes and their photocatalytic activity of organic dye degradation

Multifunctional CuO nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activity

Rhizome extract of Bergenia ciliata was used as a bio-functional reducing material for the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). CuO NPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). XRD analysis revealed the monoclinic phase of synthesized CuO NPs with an average particle size of 20 nm. Spherical shaped nanoscale CuO particles were observed by EDX and SEM confirming the Cu and O presence in the synthesized NPs. CuO NPs showed antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi. The antioxidant effect was measured and IC50 values for 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Ferric reducing antioxidant power assays were found to be 91.2, 72.4 and 109 μg mL− 1 respectively. Under sunlight, the CuO NPs reported extraordinary photocatalytic activity against Methylene Blue and Methyl Red degradation with efficiencies of 92–85%. CuO NPs have excellent potential application for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and in the development of antibacterial materials. This study offers new insights in the field of inexpensive and green synthesis-based antimicrobial effective CuO photocatalysts from B. ciliata to remove harmful dyes from industrial-based waters with high degradation efficiency, which is environmentally friendly.

Multifunctional ZnO/CeO2 nanocomposites for Photoinduced dye degradation and Antibacterial activities

Multifunctional ZnO/CeO2 nanocomposites for Photoinduced dye degradation and Antibacterial activities

Antibacterial and Dye Degradation Activity of Green Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in various fields such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is a very efficient, cost‐effective, useful, and environmentally friendly method. A plant extract acts as a reducing agent in the formation of nanoparticles. Catharanthus roseus is one of the potential plants for biosynthesis of nanoparticles due to its easy availability. In the present study, the Catharanthus roseus plant extract was used to synthesize iron nanoparticles. UV‐vis spectroscopy, DLS, and FTIR were performed for characterization of synthesized nanoparticles. Further antibacterial and dye degrading properties of synthesized iron nanoparticles have been investigated. It was found that Catharanthus roseus‐synthesized iron nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and dye degradation activity against methyl orange dye.

Co-digestive ripening assisted phase-controlled synthesis of Ag-Sn intermetallic nanoparticles and their dye degradation activity.

The Ag-Sn based system in the nano-size regime is one of the strongest candidates for lead-free solders. Besides, the investigation of several other applications of Ag-Sn nanostructures, especially in catalysis, remains scarce which makes it an interesting system to synthesize and explore its chemistry. In this report, nearly monodisperse ε-Ag3Sn intermetallic nanoparticles were prepared by a simple and convenient solution-based process of co-digestive ripening using Ag and Sn colloids obtained by the solvated metal atom dispersion (SMAD) method. Optimization of the temperature and stoichiometric ratio between the metal elements and the use of an appropriate capping agent are crucial factors to realise phase pure intermetallic nanoparticles. Ag3Sn nanoparticles with a size of 3.8 nm ± 0.6 nm were obtained within 12 h of reaction when tri-n-octylphosphine/tri-n-octylphosphine oxide was used as the capping agent at 205 °C. Interestingly, Ag3Sn@SnOx core-shell nanostructures were obtained by changing the capping agent to palmitic acid. These nanostructures were thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM and STEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. Thereafter, Ag and Ag3Sn nanoparticles were utilized for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, methyl orange and a mixture of both the dyes.

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Rhododendron arboreum for Metal Sensing, Antibacterial Assessment, and Photocatalytic Degradation

The nanomaterial industry has focused on green synthetic methods to avoid unpleasant compounds produced during manufacturing, offering eco‐friendly, sustainable, and nature‐derived alternative methods. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have been synthesized from an aqueous extract of the leaves of Rhododendron arboreum, where the pH of the reaction mixture is found to be crucial. The reaction progress monitored using the UV‐Vis spectrophotometer displayed a strong absorption band at 425 nm at pH 9, suggesting an optimum pH for the synthesis. The Ag NPs thus synthesized were characterized using instrumental techniques. The attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy showed the presence of phytoconstituents in the aqueous extract, which are believed to be responsible for reducing Ag+ ions to Ag NPs and capping agents on its surface for stability. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed a highly crystalline nature, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) demonstrated the presence of metallic silver. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively) revealed crystalline morphology and monodisperse Ag NPs of sizes ranging from 23 to 41 nm. Furthermore, the metal‐sensing activity of biosynthesized Ag NPs was evaluated using various metal ions; they were utilized for highly selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of Hg2+ in an aqueous medium among various metal ion solutions tested with the detection limit of 0.5 mM using the UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. Similarly, they were also shown to be effective for the nanocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue dye up to 81%. These studies demonstrated Ag NPs as potential candidates for selective detection of mercury in water resources, a tool for sensing the heavy metals and degradation of synthetic dye from industrial effluents in wastewater treatment. Having the high surface‐to‐volume ratio and size‐dependent functionality of Ag NPs, further optimization studies at micromolar and nanomolar detection limits will avail its better industrial utilization. Moreover, biologically mediated Ag NPs can also exhibit good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Highly efficient ZnO nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants under simulated solar light: An efficient industrial approach

The increasing demand for uncontaminated and affordable water is now the biggest challenge worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to remove the soluble organic effluents from wastewater and make water reusable. In this aspect, two different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures (NPs and NRs) were developed by a soft-chemical approach and their photocatalytic activity for degradation of organic dyes were investigated. TEM micrographs confirm the formation of nanoparticles (NPs: 20 ± 3 nm) and nanorods (NRs: length of 60 ± 5 nm and width of ∼ 10 nm) of ZnO. XRD and Raman spectra show the formation of single-phase hexagonal wurtzite for both the ZnO nanostructures. The UV–visible absorption and photoluminescence studies confirm that ZnO nanostructures show a change in bandgap and defect concentration as morphology changes from particles to rods. Both the morphologies of ZnO nanostructures show the excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO) (under UV and simulated solar light) as well as an industrial dye (under simulated solar light). TheZnO NPs and NRs degrade MB, RhB and MO with 100 % efficiency under UV and solar light at the appropriate time. Moreover, ZnO nanostructures show good photostability and reusability which make them useful for industrial applications.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Ofloxacin and Dye by Hierarchical Flower-Like Zns/Mos2/Bi2wo6 Heterojunction: Synergetic Effect of 2d/2d Coupling Interface and Solid Sulfide Solutions

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Ofloxacin and Dye by Hierarchical Flower-Like Zns/Mos2/Bi2wo6 Heterojunction: Synergetic Effect of 2d/2d Coupling Interface and Solid Sulfide Solutions

A thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole functionalized covalent triazine framework showing superior photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production and dye degradation

The introduction of fused bi-heterocyclic units with an n-type semiconductor characteristic into a covalent triazine framework can significantly improve its photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutant degradation efficiency.

Synthesis and Applications of Green Synthesized TiO2 Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation and Antibacterial Activity

Metal oxide photocatalyst is one of the promising photocatalysts in the water remediation process. The present work is aimed at synthesizing the green production of TiO2 (G‐TiO2) nanoparticles from mulberry plant extract. Plant phytochemicals serve a different role to produce the nanophase particles. The bioreductant is safer and noxious free compound for synthesizing the G‐TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesized G‐TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase phase and their crystallite size of 24 nm were characterized from X‐ray diffraction analysis. The Ti‐O bonding and plant derivatives and their reduction were confined from FTIR analysis. The wide bandgap of G‐TiO2 nanoparticles (3.16 eV) and their optical characterization were captured from UV‐DRS analysis. The spherical surface morphology and their Ti and O elemental configurations were characterized from FESEM with EDX technique. The photocatalytic dye degradation was examined against methylene blue dye, and their pseudo‐first‐order kinetics were evaluated. The cyclic experiments declared their catalytic potential. The bacterial resistance of G‐TiO2 nanoparticles was examined against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. Hence, the catalytic potential and bacterial stability of G‐TiO2 nanoparticles are the powerful candidate for water remediation and biomedical applications.

Improved catalytic activity and bactericidal behavior of novel chitosan/V2O5 co-doped in tin-oxide quantum dots.

The novel V2O5/chitosan (CS) co-doped tin oxide (SnO2) quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized via co-precipitation technique. The optical, structural, morphological, and catalytic properties of the concerned specimens were examined by UV-Vis, PL, FTIR, X-ray diffraction, HR-TEM, and EDS. Structural analysis through XRD confirmed the tetragonal structure of SnO2; meanwhile, HR-TEM measurements unveiled quantum dot morphology. Rotational and vibrational modes related to functional groups of (O–H, C–H, Sn–O, and Sn–O–Sn) have been assessed with FTIR spectra. Through UV-Vis spectroscopy, a reduction in band-gap (4.39 eV to 3.98 eV) and redshift in co-doped spectra of SnO2 were identified. Both CS/SnO2 and V2O5-doped CS@SnO2 showed promising catalytic activity in all media. Meanwhile, CS/SnO2 showed higher activity for use in hospital and industrial dye degradation in comparison to dopant-free Ch/SnO2. For V2O5/CS@ SnO2 QDs, inhibition domains of G –ve were significantly confirmed as 1.40–4.15 mm and 1.85–5.45 mm; meanwhile, for G +ve were noticed as 2.05–4.15 mm and 2.40–5.35 mm at least and maximum concentrations, correspondingly. These findings demonstrate the efficient role of V2O5/CS@SnO2 QDs towards industrial dye degradation and antimicrobial activity.

Effect of the green synthesis of CuO plate-like nanoparticles on their photodegradation and antibacterial activities.

Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and its effects on photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activities are reported. The synthesis of nanoparticles by green routes provides many advantages over chemical routes, including simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and fast processing route without using any costly or harmful chemicals. Tridax procumbense (coat buttons) plant root extract was used to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized Tridax procumbense-copper oxide nanoparticles (TP-CuO NPs) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The synthesized TP-CuO NPs were applied for photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activity studies. The TP-CuO NPs exhibited a maximum antibacterial activity at 500 μg mL-1 concentration against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli showing inhibition zones of 7.5 mm and 7.2 mm, respectively. The photocatalytic ability of the TP-CuO was also tested against the textile dye Trypan blue (TB), and showed about 55% degradation after 48 h for 500 μg mL-1 CuO NP concentration, showing a concentration-dependent degradation efficiency. This is the first work on TP-derived CuO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications. Overall, this study supports the superiority of green-synthesized TP-CuO NPs as photocatalytic and antimicrobial agents.

Synthesis and characterization of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Clitoria ternatea flower extract: Photocatalytic dye degradation under sunlight and antibacterial activity applications

The present study is aimed to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) by using medicinal flower extract of Clitoria ternatea and examine its antibacterial and photocatalytic dye degradation activities. The synthesized NPs were investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy wherein they exhibited a color change pattern and confirmed their maximum absorption peak at 280 nm, which is distinct for NiO NPs. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of various functional groups in the flower extract as well as on the NiO NPs. XRD studies revealed the high crystalline nature of NiO NPs with 9.6 nm average size. The TEM micrograph shows hexagonal shape of the NPs that are non-agglomerated with a particle size of 13 nm. The composition of nickel and oxygen elements was confirmed through EDX studies. Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of NiO NPs was tested against both gram positive and gram-negative bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Additionally, photocatalytic degradation of Fast Green (FG) and Rose Bengal (RB) dye molecules were performed by using NiO NPs. Based on the obtained results, we confirmed that NiO NPs degrade FG by 89 % and RB by 77 % in the presence of sun light.

Effect of Cu Doping on ZnO Nanoparticles as a Photocatalyst for the Removal of Organic Wastewater.

Environmental problems with chemical and biological water pollution have become a major concern for society. Providing people with safe and affordable water is a grand challenge of the 21st century. The study investigates the photocatalytic degradation capabilities of hydrothermally prepared pure and Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for the elimination of dye pollutants. A simple, cost-effective hydrothermal process is employed to synthesize the Cu-doped ZnO NPs. The photocatalytic dye degradation activity of the synthesized Cu-doped ZnO NPs is tested by using methylene blue (MB) dye. In addition, the parameters that affect photodegradation efficiency, such as catalyst concentration, starting potential of hydrogen (pH), and dye concentration, were also assessed. The dye degradation is found to be directly proportional to the irradiation time, as 94% of the MB dye is degraded in 2 hrs. Similarly, the dye degradation shows an inverse relation to the MB dye concentration, as the degradation reduced from 94% to 20% when the MB concentration increases from 5 ppm to 80 ppm. The synthesized cost-effective and environmentally friendly Cu-doped ZnO NPs exhibit improved photocatalytic activity against MB dye and can therefore be employed in wastewater treatment materials.

Synthesis and photocatalytic mechanism of visible-light-driven Ag/AgBr/(I/S) composites for organic dyes degradation

Series of visible light responsive Ag/AgBr/(I/S) composites based on I/S were synthesized by deposition-precipitation method. Methyl orange (MO) and other organic dyes were used to evaluate the photoactivity of Ag/AgBr/(I/S) composites. The results showed that Ag/AgBr/(I/S) composites display a good photocatalytic activity for organic dyes degradation. As the content of Ag/AgBr was 25 wt%, Ag/AgBr/(I/S) composites exhibited the best the photocatalytic activity for organic dyes. The degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) and MO were 90% and 92% after 20 min. Furthermore, cycling experiments revealed that the 25%Ag/AgBr/(I/S) composites had long-term recycling stability. The photocatalytic mechanism of Ag/AgBr/(I/S) composites to MO degradation was studied by free radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) test, which indicating that photogenerated ·O2− is the dominant reactive specie.

Construction of novel quaternary nanocomposite and its synergistic effect towards superior photocatalytic and antibacterial application

Herein, quaternary based zinc-lead-cadmium-copper oxide (ZnO-PbO-CdO-CuO) nanocomposite has been synthesized by a feasible ‘one-pot’ chemical method. Structural, morphological and optical properties of nanocomposites were explored using various characterization techniques. The photocatalytic dye degradation activity of ZnO-PbO-CdO-CuO (ZPCC) and the binary counterpart nanocomposites were evaluated by employing two model dyes namely, Fast green (FG) and Rose bengal (RB) under sunlight irradiation. Highest degradation efficiency of 92.7% and 94.1% were achieved for FG and RB respectively with the time interval of 120 min using ZPCC nanocomposite. The quaternary nanocomposites demonstrated significantly higher photocatalytic activity than that of binary composites due to synergistic effect of the constituent metal oxides. Additionally, the toxicity profile of degraded dyes was assessed using an in vivo model, Caenorhabditis elegans, by measuring their effect on survival, phenotype, neuronal functions, and stress-protective gene expression. To the best of our knowledge, for first time, the quaternary ZPCC nanocomposite was synthesized and employed in photocatalytic degradation of textile dyes and antibacterial activity. Overall, the obtained results revealed that the quaternary ZPCC nanostructure is a novel and efficient photocatalyst for removing organic dyes as well as bacterial pathogens present in the aqueous medium.

Construction of Z-scheme Titanium-MOF/plasmonic silver nanoparticle/NiFe layered double hydroxide photocatalysts with enhanced dye and antibiotic degradation activity under visible light

Z-scheme hetero-structured photocatalysts show outstanding photocatalytic activity in many reactions. In this work, a series of novel Z-scheme photocatalysts were fabricated via the photo-reduction of plasmonic sliver nanoparticles on the surface of NH2-MIL-125 (Ti)/NiFe layered double hydroxide (Ti-MOF/NiFeLDH) hybrids. The obtained Ti-MOF/Ag/NiFeLDH composites showed excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light, with the Ag nanoparticles facilitating charge transfer across Ti-MOF/NiFeLDH heterojunctions, thus boosting the photocatalytic activity. At an optimized Ag loading, 95% of Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation was achieved within 50 min and 92% Levofloxacin (LVX) degradation within 70 min. The degradation intermediates of LVX were analyzed by LC-MS and the decomposition pathways were proposed. Further, the Z-scheme Ti-MOF/Ag/NiFeLDH photocatalyst demonstrated outstanding reusability and stability in recycling tests (removal efficiencies of 92% for RhB and 90% for LVX after 5 successive test cycles). Trapping experiments revealed that superoxide radicals (•O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were two main reactive species formed under visible light, with valence holes (h+) playing a minor role. Results allowed the mechanisms for antibiotic (i.e. LVX) and dye degradation over Ti-MOF/Ag/NiFeLDH to be proposed. This study introduces a new strategy, the combination of MOFs, LDHs and plasmonic Ag nanoparticles, for fabrication of high-performance Z-scheme photocatalysts for the removal of water pollutants.

Plant (Pedalium murex L.) mucilage green synthesized and capped silver nanoparticles: in vitro biological and solar-driven photocatalytic dye degradation activity

This study reports the ecofriendly economically, and environmentally benign approach for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using the traditional medicinal herb Pedalium murex mucilage. It’s structural, compositional, antibacterial, and antioxidant in vitro biological activity and solar-driven photocatalytic methylene blue dye degradation characterization were investigated. FTIR analysis showed many active sites providing functional groups and their possible role in reducing and capping activity. The P. murex mucilage synthesized and capped AgNPs exhibited 437 nm UV –Vis. peak absorption, 25–45 nm size, spherical shape with significant antibacterial, antioxidant and visible light photocatalytic methylene blue dye (87.13%) in 150 min. The higher biological activity results boost large-scale production of the synthesized silver nanoparticles for many applications.

Silver-doped ZnO embedded reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanostructured composites for superior photocatalytic hydrogen generation, dye degradation, nitrite sensing and antioxidant activities

Doped semiconductor metal oxide-rGO mediated photocatalysts have exhibited fascinating potentiality and utilized in a variety of applications. This could be attributed to their large surface area, unique morphologies and thickness-dependent characteristics. In this study, we focused on the green synthesis of ZnO, Ag-ZnO and Ag-ZnO-rGO nanocomposite using Cucumis melo fruit juice as fuel via solution combustion synthesis method. The synthesized materials were characterized thoroughly using PXRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, UV-DRS, EDX and Raman spectroscopic techniques. As prepared materials were evaluated for photocatalytic H2 evolution by water splitting, dye degradation using visible light, photoluminescence, nitrite sensing and antioxidant activities. It was found that Ag-ZnO-rGO nanocomposite exhibited 3.2 and 1.7 times higher H2 evolution property than ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanoparticles respectively. Further, the composite material was found to be superior visible light active photocatalyst towards degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye compared to pure and Ag doped ZnO NPs. Photoluminescence studies revealed that Ag-ZnO-rGO nanocomposite showed remarkable reduction in the peak intensity of PL spectrum compared to ZnO and Ag-ZnO due to better charge separation. Ag-ZnO-rGO showed superior electrocatalytic performance towards the detection of NaNO2 and radical scavenging activity by inhibiting the activity of DPPH compared to ZnO and Ag-ZnO NPs. The superior activities of Ag-ZnO-rGO is probably due to lowering of bandgap by rGO, crystal lattice incorporated and ZnO-rGO interface accumulated Ag and also possibly due to the ability of rGO to facilitate the electron transport that suppress the recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. This study gives a concise methodology for the development of visible light responsive photocatalyst for various applications such as H2 evolution, dye degradation, photoluminescence and electrocatalytic nitrite sensing & antioxidant activities.