Dyadic Perspective Research Articles

Perceived Discrimination and Relationship Satisfaction Among Same-Sex Couples: The Role of Dyadic Stress and Sex

Based on the fact that most research drawn from the minority stress theory on the association between minority stress and relationship satisfaction has focused on an individual perspective rather than a dyadic perspective, and the limited evidence of the systemic transactional model (STM) explore the topics of same-sex couples. This study aims to combine both theories to examine the association between perceived discrimination and relationship satisfaction among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people on both partners and test the potential mediating role of dyadic stress and sex difference in this association. Using an actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM), we analyzed data including a sample of 241 LGB couples (133 female and 108 male same-sex dyads). Results showed that perceived discrimination had no direct actor-partner effects on relationship satisfaction. APIMeM revealed significant indirect partner effects from perceived discrimination on both individuals’ and their partners’ relationship satisfaction through the partner’s dyadic stress. Additionally, the effect of personal dyadic stress on a partner’s relationship satisfaction was stronger for women compared to men. These findings demonstrated the utility of the minority stress theory and STM framework for understanding the risk of stressors in damaging LGBs’ romantic relationships. Couple interventions should integrate knowledge from a dyadic perspective with attention to sex differences.

Ambulatory Assessment of Socio-Affective and Cognitive Aging: Zooming Into Daily Processes

Ambulatory assessment methods offer new possibilities to study cognitive, emotional, and social processes in the setting in which they naturally occur, namely in the daily life of individuals and couples. This allows to zoom into processes with great relevance for healthy aging and well-being over the lifespan. Research on daily psychological processes opens the door for investigating the interplay with contextual (daily stress, social resources) and stable factors (relationship quality status, accumulated discrimination) that are known to shape these dynamic processes. This symposium will present and discuss innovative contributions investigating daily emotional and cognitive functioning and their interplay with social and individual characteristics over the adult lifespan. The first study by Haas and colleagues will present experience sampling data on daily prospective memory performance in couples. Haas et al. will offer a dyadic perspective on cognitive functioning by examining how prospective memory performance is co-regulated in the daily lives of younger and older couples. Meier et al. will present another study from the same couples project; here the focus is on age differences in couples’ “we-ness” and its relationship with daily positive emotional experiences and how they are shared with the partner. The series of talks will be completed by Zavala et al. who examined associations between stress and emotional health in daily life and its interplay with prior discrimination experiences of an age-diverse sample of BIPOC adults. After these individual contributions, Christina Roecke will discuss the presented studies and provide her reflections on the results and their implications.

Exploring evolving caring relationship experiences among nursing home residents and nurse aides in Shanghai: a dyadic perspective

AbstractAlthough research has shown that older nursing home residents can benefit from caring relationships with nurse aides, few studies have explored their dyadic, evolving relationship dynamics. Using a dyadic perspective, this study simultaneously explores caring relationships among older residents and nurse aides in Shanghai. In a government-sponsored nursing home in Shanghai, 20 matched resident–nurse aide dyads participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews (N = 40). We performed thematic analysis to interpret and conceptualise the evolving caring relationships within dyads. Four types emerged during the evolution of caring relationships across the 20 dyads: (a) sharing strong rapport, (b) respecting each other, (c) hesitant responding, and (d) keeping emotional distance. Upon placement, all the residents kept emotional distance from nurse aides, and their assigned nurse aides provided care-giving by following nursing home regulations. As time passed, nurse aides began to create a family environment and tried to interact with residents on an emotional level; however, residents’ attitudes varied. The caring relationships in some dyads evolved as rapport and respect emerged, while others remained hesitant and distant. This suggests that residents and nurse aides prioritised caring relationships differently in terms of autonomy preservation and safety protection, respectively. This study sheds light on nursing home practice to facilitate building caring relationships between residents and nurse aides.

Why suppliers struggle to deliver defect-free products to buyers: a buyer–supplier dyadic perspective

PurposeThis study explores the challenges of garment suppliers in delivering defect-free products to their buyers and how buyers play a role in overcoming the challenges.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a qualitative research approach and a multiple case study method, quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the four garment suppliers and buyer's representatives. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis techniques were applied to understand the challenges in delivering defect-free products.FindingsThe study findings show that garment suppliers' main challenges in delivering defect-free products are unsystematic quality control, informal root cause analysis, limited education and training facilities, dearth of a learning culture, limited quality control capability, lack of cross-functional team, inadequate modern technologies, workers' resistance to change and poor performance evaluation. Moreover, this study demonstrates how buyers can enhance their support to suppliers to receive defect-free products.Research limitations/implicationsWhereas the garment industry has more than four thousand suppliers, this study considers only four suppliers. Therefore, the generalisability of the study may be questioned. Furthermore, as this study considers only a single sewing line in each factory, future studies could incorporate more lines for a holistic understanding.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study could help the managers of supplier firms understand how to tackle the hurdles of defect-free garment production and give buyers a guideline about what role they need to play to receive defect-free garments from suppliers.Originality/valueFor the first time, this study presents how garment suppliers and their lead buyers play significant roles in satisfying end consumers' demand by overcoming the challenges of defect-free garment production.

Development of a digital system to assess and manage care and support needs of family dementia caregivers

AbstractBackgroundA dementia diagnosis has an effect on an entire family who often takes on carer responsibilities for the person diagnosed. Due to this impact, taking on a dyadic perspective to identify care and support needs of caregivers to promote wellbeing and minimise caregiver related burden is necessary. Digitally supported interventions have the potential to be time‐efficient and ensure prompt service provision. Therefore, our aim was to develop a digital system to identify and manage care and support needs of family dementia caregivers.MethodThe development of the system was part of a randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a computer‐based care management programme for family caregivers. Evidence‐based Dementia Care Management as conducted and adapted in several primary care studies in Germany was used as conceptual framework. Using a participatory approach with 27 caregivers and experts including neurologists, psychologists and psychiatrists, we developed a digital system including a self‐completion unmet needs assessment focusing on caregivers’ health und quality of life in connection to their caregiver responsibilities. The system was piloted for its content and technical usability in a memory clinic.ResultThe unmet needs assessment comprises several validated questionnaires with 57 questions examining a person’s self‐reported unmet needs (Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly, CANE), health‐related quality of life (EQ‐5D‐5L), caregiver burden (Zarit Burden Interview, ZBI), social support (Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS), the use of medical and non‐medical services and resource utilisation. In total, the assessment covers 51 health and support related aspects. The system is able to instantly generate results identifying a person’s unmet needs through predefined algorithms. For each case, the system generates a systematic, written feedback for the participant’s treating GP and it provides a monitoring option capturing the progress of reducing a person’s unmet needs. The assessment, outcome data and system will be presented in detail.ConclusionThe digital system may improve healthcare and support provision for family caregivers of people with dementia by addressing their unmet needs in connection to their caregiver responsibilities. It is necessary to address multiple dimensions of health and provide dyadic assessment and care for better outcomes.

The impact of customer organization socialization: a moderated mediation model

PurposeBased on a dyadic perspective, the purpose of this paper is to include the contributions of employee and customer in a service process and to examine the underlying mechanism of customer organization socialization on service performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a unique survey data pertaining to the service industry. The authors collected their data from multiple sources (customers, front-line employees and these employees' managers) in the divisions of a large service organization – Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China. The authors adopted hierarchical regression moderated path analysis approach to examine our moderated mediation model.FindingsThe authors find that both the quality of customer service and the quality of employee service play as moderators in the relationship between customer organization socialization and service performance. And quality of customer service moderates the relationship between customer organization socialization and quality of employee service.Originality/valueThe literature has focused primarily on service performance improvement based on the dyadic perspective of customer and employee. The research develops a moderated mediation model and contributes to the literature by empirically examining customer organization socialization.

Abstract 10933: Informal Caregivers’ Burden and Its Predictors in Heart Failure: A Mixed Methods Study

Introduction: Caring for relatives with heart failure is emotionally and physically intensive for informal caregivers leading to caregiver burden. Evidence also suggests that caregiver burden affects the quality of life of both components of the patient-caregiver dyad. Previous research provides a limited understanding of the nature of caregiver burden and its influencing factors from a dyadic perspective. Hypothesis: To develop a comprehensive understanding of caregiver burden, and to identify its predictors with a dyadic perspective Methods: A convergent mixed-method approach was used. In total, 184 patients with heart failure and their informal caregivers completed validated scales to measure burden, care dependency, quality of life, and social support and 50 caregivers participated also to a semi-structured interviews to better understand the caregiver experience. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors and qualitative content analysis was performed on qualitative data. The results were merged using joint displays. Results: Caregiver burden was predicted by patient worse cognitive impairment, lower physical quality of life, and a higher care dependency perceived by the caregivers. Qualitative and mixed analysis demonstrated that caregiver burden has a physical, emotional, and social nature. In particular time constraints, anticipated concerns about personal future, and generalized fatigue and exhaustion were significant predictors of caregiver burden, thereby affecting their caregiving. Conclusions: Caregiver burden can affect the capability of informal caregivers to support and care for their relatives with heart failure. There is a dire need for development and evaluation of individual and community-based strategies to address caregiver burden so as to enhance the quality of life of both caregivers and their relatives with heart failure.

Dual distribution systems: Investigating their effects on independent manufacturers’ representatives’ perceptions of manufacturers

This study investigates how manufacturers’ (principals’) use of dual distribution systems—house accounts and house territories managed by in-house salespeople—influence independent manufacturers’ representatives’ (IMRs’) perceptions of sales controls, psychological climate, and overall satisfaction. Research on the use and effects of dual distribution selling systems has previously focused nearly exclusively on the perspective of manufacturers (principals). The study is based on a nationally representative sample of IMR practitioners, is grounded in and proceeds from the opposing dyadic perspective (the IMR [agency] view), and generates new and useful strategic insights related to how best to manage critical manufacturer-IMR relationships. The study reveals that manufacturers’ use of house territories, outside the domain of the focal IMR imposed favorable effects on IMR’s perceptions of sales controls and psychological climate, and contributed directly to higher IMR satisfaction with the principals they represent. House accounts inside IMR territories negatively influenced IMR perceptions of sales controls and psychological climate, and contributed directly to lower IMR satisfaction with the principals. Managerial implications and future research opportunities are developed and discussed.

A dyadic perspective on psychopathology and young adult physical dating aggression.

A dyadic perspective on psychopathology and young adult physical dating aggression.

Asking for MORE: a phenomenological exploration of the dyadic coming out process in mixed orientation relationships

Both the sexual minority individual (SMI) and partner of the sexual minority individual (PSMI) in a mixed orientation relationship (MORE) experience stress, and stress related growth during the coming out process. However, the implications and experiences of this relationship through a dyadic perspective has yet to be explored. Using a phenomenological approach, this study examined the lived experience of the dyadic coming out process in MOREs through the theoretical lens of Meyer’s (2003) minority stress model and Vaughan and Weahler’s (2010) coming out growth (COG) model. Data analysis with nine MORE dyads provided a first-hand account of how minority stress and COG flow through the dyad before, during, and after SMIs and PSMIs engaged in the coming out process. The findings confirm the applicability of minority stress and COG theories to both members of the MORE. Themes that emerged in the data include awareness, disclosure, discovery, grief, support, and reconstruction.

Facilitators and barriers to getting obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed: perspectives from patients and their partners.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and debilitating condition that is significantly underdiagnosed. The majority of adults sleep with someone-a partner. Partners can play a significant role in the patient's OSA diagnosis. The goal of this work is to describe facilitators and barriers to OSA diagnosis as discussed by patients with OSA and their partners. This was a qualitative secondary analysis with results drawn from 20 dyadic interviews, conducted 1 couple at a time, in 20 newly diagnosed adult patients with OSA and their partners. Qualitative interview data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Facilitators of OSA diagnosis were partners pushing patients to seek care, patients actively seeking care, and care providers identifying the patient's risk of OSA. Barriers to OSA diagnosis were patients' lack of serious attention to symptoms, patients' negative perceptual framing of diagnosis and treatment of OSA, and poor coordination of health care services. We recommend engaging partners in the OSA diagnosis and developing educational and behavioral interventions to raise public awareness about OSA. It is important to educate clinicians on atypical presentations of OSA. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the impact of health care services on OSA diagnosis. Ye L, Li W, Willis DG. Facilitators and barriers to getting obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed: perspectives from patients and their partners. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):835-841.

The dyadic effects of subclinical paranoia on relationship satisfaction in roommate relationships and college adjustment.

Subclinical paranoia is associated with negative psychological and general health consequences including poorer social functioning. Despite extensive research on the outcomes of individuals with greater paranoia, the consequences of interacting with someone who is paranoid are less clear. As social functioning involves interactions between individuals, investigating associations between paranoia and relationship outcomes from a dyadic perspective may aid in elucidating the mechanisms underlying social dysfunction in subclinical paranoia. This study examined the trajectory of new roommate relationships over the course of the college semester. One hundred three same-sex roommate dyads were assessed on pathological personality traits at the beginning of the semester and on roommate relationship satisfaction and college adjustment at 2-week intervals. Individuals who were more paranoid reported lower satisfaction in their roommate relationship and poorer overall college adjustment. Importantly, individuals who lived with a more paranoid roommate also reported lower satisfaction in their roommate relationship. In contrast, elevated psychoticism, in either the individual or their roommate, was not associated with lower roommate relationship satisfaction. These findings demonstrate that the effects of subclinical paranoia extend beyond the paranoid individual to social partners as well. Further, poorer relationship satisfaction appears specifically related to paranoia and does not seem to be associated with increased psychoticism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Back to the Dyad: Future Directions for Friendship Research

Friendship is a developmentally significant relationship in childhood and adolescence that contributes to socioemotional, social-cognitive, and psychological development and well-being. It is a dyadic relationship based on mutual affection, with both friends thinking of each other as friends. Despite this definitional understanding of the dyadic nature of friendship, it is common to study friendships individually, for example, by investigating how one child’s perception of the quality of a friendship is associated with that child’s psychological functioning. Although this research approach yields important information about friendships and their effects on youth, we suggest that putting the dyad back into friendship research, by conceptualizing the dyad as the unit of analysis or by including characteristics or perceptions of both members of the dyad in analyses, will generate valuable new knowledge about friendships and their developmental significance. We focus on three key areas of study about children’s and adolescents’ friendships that would benefit from a dyadic perspective: (a) features and processes in friendships, (b) temporal and contextual approaches to the study of friendship, and (c) friendship tasks and social-cognitive perspectives on intervention.

Conflict-coparenting spillover: The role of actors’ and partners’ attachment insecurity and gender.

The current research applied a dyadic perspective to examine conflict-coparenting spillover by examining (a) whether actors' or partners' hostility during couples' conflict discussions predicted greater hostility in a subsequent play activity with their child and (b) whether these actor and partner effects were moderated by two factors that prior theory and research suggest may shape conflict-coparenting spillover: attachment insecurity and parent gender. Cohabiting or married couples were video recorded discussing their most serious conflict while their 4-5-year-old child was in a separate room (N = 94 families). Immediately following their conflict discussions, couples were reunited with their child to participate in a semistructured family activity. Independent teams of observational coders rated how much each partner displayed (a) hostility during the conflict discussion (conflict hostility) and (b) hostility during the family activity (coparenting hostility). The results provide novel evidence that conflict-coparenting spillover is a dyadic process shaped by actors' and partners' attachment insecurity and gender. Men exhibited greater conflict-coparenting spillover even if they were low in attachment anxiety, but men's conflict-coparenting spillover was lower when their partners were lower in attachment anxiety and avoidance. Women's lower attachment anxiety also was associated with women's own lower conflict-coparenting spillover. This pattern suggests that men are more vulnerable to conflict-coparenting spillover, whereas women lower in attachment anxiety and avoidance appear able to contain both their own and their partners' conflict hostility from spilling over to family interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Spousal Concordance in the Development of Functional Limitations Among Married Adults in China

Functional limitation is increasingly common as people age and is often associated with negative consequences. Evidence of the dynamics of functional limitation within couples in China is still inadequate. To examine whether functional limitation was associated within middle-aged and older couples and to explore sex differences in spousal associations. In this nationwide, population-based cohort study performed from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2018, participants were selected using multistage probability sampling, and 5207 community-dwelling couples (10 414 individuals) 45 years or older were included in the nationally representative China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Data analysis was performed from January 1 to February 28, 2021. The exposure variable was the presence of functional limitation in spouses. Functional limitation was measured by the activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities‎ of daily ‎living (IADLs) scales and was defined as having difficulty in independently performing at least 1 ADL or IADL item. The main outcome was functional limitation in index participants. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate the reciprocal association of functional limitation within couples over time. A total of 5207 married, different-sex couples (mean [SD] age, 59.1 [8.8] years for husbands and 57.0 [8.2] years for wives) were included in the study. For husbands, the number (percentage) of participants classified with baseline functional limitation was 1140 (21.9%), the number (percentage) with ADL limitation was 684 (13.1%), and the number (percentage) with IADL limitation was 834 (16.0%). For wives, the number (percentage) of participants classified with baseline functional limitation was 1502 (28.8%), the number (percentage) with ADL limitation was 887 (17.0%), and the number (percentage) with IADL limitation was 1183 (22.7%). Longitudinal results demonstrated an association in spouses developing functional limitation (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.55; 95% CI, 2.41-2.69; P < .001), ADL limitation (adjusted OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 2.11-2.41; P < .001), and IADL limitation (adjusted OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 2.43-2.73; P < .001). Subgroup analyses by sex revealed similar patterns of spousal health concordance in terms of all studied outcomes, indicating no sex specificity. This population-based cohort study suggests that among Chinese middle-aged and older couples there is significant concordance in the development of functional limitation. This study of spousal functional ability from a dyadic perspective may help in the understanding of health risks within a wider familial context and offers novel insights for prioritizing policy focus from individual centered to couple based.

Patient activation and treatment decision-making in the context of cancer: examining the contribution of informal caregivers’ involvement

The present work investigated the relationship between patient activation, treatment decision-making, and adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen. Given the role of informal caregivers in patient-reported outcomes, it was additionally assessed whether caregiver involvement acted as a moderator of this relationship. Survey data collected from 504 cancer survivors were utilized. Structural equation modeling (SEM) controlling for covariates was used to examine the relationship between patient activation measure (PAM), caregiver involvement, and the identified outcomes. Moderator analysis was conducted using multiple group SEM. Patient activation was significantly associated with treatment planning being reflective of survivors' goals and values (p < 0.001); adherence to treatment (p = 0.011); and satisfaction (p < 0.001). Caregiver's involvement significantly moderated the association between activation and adherence to treatment. Patient activation was positively associated with all three selected outcomes. However, for cancer survivors reporting low rates of caregiver's involvement, patient activation was not associated with treatment adherence. Research is needed to test and deliver self-management interventions inclusive of informal caregivers. Findings supported the need not only to monitor and sustain patient activation across the cancer continuum, but also to assume a dyadic perspective when designing self-management interventions in cancer survivorship.

Coping Style in Glioma Patients and Their Caregiver: Evaluation During Disease Trajectory.

Background: Patients with glioma have a poor prognosis and, in a short period of time, have to deal with severe forms of disability, which compromise their psychological distress and quality of life. The caregivers of these patients consequently carry a heavy burden in terms of emotional and patient care. The study aims to evaluate the coping strategies of patients and their caregivers during the course of the disease in order to frame the adaptation process in a rapidly progressing pathology.Methods: A prospective study on 24 dyads of patients affected by malignant glioma and their caregivers was conducted between May 2016 and July 2018. Questionnaires designed to identify the coping style (MINI-MaC Scale) and psychological distress (HADS scores) and assess QOL (EQ-5D) were administered at two time points: at first lines of treatment and at disease recurrence.Results: Patients and their caregiver structure adaptive coping strategies during the disease: a coping style oriented toward a fighting spirit prevails at baseline (Mini-Mac Mean 3.23); fatalism prevails at recurrence (Mini-Mac Mean 3.03). Psychological distress affects the coping style expressed: high levels of anxiety symptoms were found to be significantly associated with a coping style oriented toward anxious preoccupation, helpless–hopeless, and fatalism; low depressive symptoms were inversely correlated with fighting spirit coping style. Patients' and caregivers' perceptions of quality of life were correlated between them and with performance status assessed by clinicians. In a dyadic perspective, the adaptation of a member of the couple varies as a function of the other partner's coping style.Conclusions: Our data are in line with previous literature on cancer patients, demonstrating that coping style is not a persistent dimension of personality, but can change depending on the situation. Despite the disease rapid course, patients and their caregivers can structure adaptive and functional defenses to manage the disease.

Attached to your smartphone? A dyadic perspective on perceived partner phubbing and attachment in long-term couple relationships

Partner phubbing (Pphubbing) means snubbing a romantic partner by using one's smartphone in his or her presence. Pphubbing behavior has been predicted by characteristics such as neuroticism or attachment insecurity and has been associated with lower relationship satisfaction. Little is known about the influence of Pphubbing in long-term couples. We used data of 163 German heterosexual couples with an average relationship duration of 22 years to investigate interrelations of perceived Pphubbing with relationship satisfaction, age, and attachment orientation. Pphubbing was associated with attachment orientation and with younger age in both sexes, and with lower relationship satisfaction in men, but not in women. Dyadic analyses showed an overall actor effect of attachment anxiety as well as a partner effect of attachment avoidance in women. We also identified interaction effects of attachment avoidance and sex. These findings are discussed in the light of long-standing attachment dynamics and gender roles in long-term couples, and regarding possible mechanisms by which attachment and perceived Pphubbing impact relationship satisfaction.

Influencing Supplier Representatives by Involving a Third Person: An Exploratory Study

As they sit at the nexus of where internal and external organizational interests meet and must be reconciled, purchasing and supply chain managers assume a key boundary mediation role. In this respect, their ability to influence supplier representatives is a sine qua non of successful supply chain management. This article investigates influence tactics of a subtle character, specifically, how managers from a buying organization (influence agents) manipulate supplier representatives’ (influence targets) behaviors by involving a third person. So far, this phenomenon has received only scarce attention as existing literature on social influence in buyer-supplier relationships tends to (i) adopt an organizational-level unit of analysis, and (ii) if examining the individual-level seldom extend beyond a dyadic perspective. Drawing on Social Control Theory and employing an exploratory case study with data collected over a two-year period, the author identifies seven distinct influence tactics involving a third person and develops an overview of antecedents motivating their use. With these findings, this article makes a novel theoretical contribution by developing a deeper understanding of underexposed social influence dynamics in individual-level triads in buyer- supplier relationships.

Light and Shadow: Linking Trust Network Brokerage to Knowledge Hiding and Creativity

The existing literature has explored how trust may influence knowledge hiding between dyads, yet overlooked the structure of interpersonal trust on knowledge hiding from a network embedded view. Drawing upon social network theory and impression management theory, we suppose that knowledge hider’s structural holes in trust network will divergently influence their knowledge hiding behaviors in different dimensions (namely, evasive hiding, playing dumb, and rationalized hiding) and as well have various indirect effects on the hider’s creativity. Following a two-wave survey of 217 R&D employees, our results suggest that trust network brokerage positively affects all dimensions of knowledge hiding, and the effect on rationalized hiding is stronger than evasive hiding and playing dumb. Moreover, our study reveals that perspective taking will mitigate the structural hole’s positive effect on evasive hiding and playing dumb. Further, we prove that evasive hiding has a positive mediating effect on the broker’s creativity while playing dumb and rationalized hiding have adverse ones. Our study pioneeringly expands the knowledge hiding literature from a dyadic perspective to a network perspective.