Dyadic Performance Research Articles

Using Buyer–Supplier Performance Frontiers to Manage Relationship Performance*

ABSTRACTThis article presents a consensus‐building methodology to implement dyadic performance measurement. It focuses on transmuting supplier performance and buyer performance metrics on several important attributes into actionable relationship management plans using Clark's (1996) theory of performance frontiers. Access to the supplier performance management program of a Fortune 100 corporation was granted to the research team. Direct observation of practice and in‐depth discussions with several managers provided a roadmap for investigating both the literature on quantitative evaluation methods and the empirically derived theory on buyer–supplier relationships from several perspectives. This study describes a multiphase, iterative framework that uses current methods and theory on dyadic buyer–supplier evaluation to consider: (i) evaluation criteria and their importance; (ii) whether the improvement focus should be on strengths, weaknesses, or both; and (iii) whether the referent role supplier should be the ideal supplier, best supplier, or best‐in‐strategic‐group supplier in the focal supply base. We illustrate a unifying approach by reporting results from a large buyer and 35 of its key suppliers. This research makes the case for managing supplier relationships through the dyadic performance lens. The outputs from this framework provide individual supplier improvement paths which are actionable prescriptions for each buyer–supplier dyad, as well as recommendations for strategic group formation.

Effects of time pressure and communication environment on team processes and outcomes in dyadic planning

An experiment compared dyadic performance in a radio communication and a more sophisticated communication environment to face-to-face (FtF) meetings. Thirty-six dyads, working under low or high time-pressure conditions, needed to combine information and to produce a written plan. Teams working in the sophisticated communication environment collaborated from separate locations over a networked computer system allowing them to share a note-taking program, work in parallel, and exchange in real-time audio as well as video. Results revealed detrimental effects of time pressure on both team processes and outcomes, and supported our hypothesis that distributed teams can perform as well as FtF teams. No differences were found between FtF teams and teams working in the sophisticated communication environment on process and outcome measures, except for the quantity of performance: The sophisticated communication environment enabled distributed teams to work on the task more rapidly than their FtF counterparts. Radio teams produced plans of lower quality and were less satisfied with the quality of their planning process than FtF teams.

Physical Collaboration of Human-Human and Human-Robot Teams.

Human partners working on a target acquisition task perform faster than do individuals on the same task, even though the partners consider each other to be an impediment. We recorded the force profile of each partner during the task, revealing an emergent specialization of roles that could only have been negotiated through a haptic channel. With this understanding of human haptic communication we attempted a "haptic Turing test," replicating human behaviors in a robot partner. Human participants consciously and incorrectly believed their partner was human. However, force profiles did not show specialization of roles in the human partner, nor enhanced dyadic performance, suggesting that haptic interaction holds a greater subconscious subtlety. We further report observations of a non-zero dyadic steady state force perhaps analogous to co-contraction within the limb of an individual, where it contributes to limb stiffness and disturbance rejection. We present results on disturbance rejection in a dyad, showing lack of an effective dyadic strategy for brief events.

Supplier management and dyadic performance: the moderating role of information technology and supplier dispersion

The strategic coordination and management of suppliers is seen as a source of competitive advantage for firms which work within an extended enterprise. Since extended enterprises have become more of a norm, Supplier Management (SM) is extremely important to attain as well as sustain competitiveness. Though research on this topic abound, none has comprehensively studied its impact on performance. The current research effort addresses this issue by empirically testing the relationship between SM and dyadic performance. Using hierarchical regression analysis, hypothesised relationships are tested based on a sample of over 200 USA firms. Results show that SM has a significant impact on supplier as well as buyer performance. Moreover, Information Technology (IT) and Supplier Dispersion (SD) are found to moderate the link between SM and dyadic performance.

Self-Efficacy and Other-Efficacy in Dyadic Performance: Riding as One in Equestrian Eventing

One-day equestrian eventing comprises three disciplines: dressage, show-jumping, and cross-country. Participants in the present study were 187 riders (38 M, 149 F) competing in one of two intermediate-level 1-day competitions. Participants’ perceptions of their own (self-efficacy) and their horses’ abilities (other-efficacy) were assessed 30 minutes prior to each stage of competition and examined in relation to subsequent riding performance. For dressage, self efficacy (β = –.20, p < .05) and other-efficacy (β = –.26, p < .01) were each able to explain unique variance in dressage performance (adj. R2 = .16). However, for both show-jumping and cross-country disciplines, neither form of efficacy was associated with the corresponding measure of riding performance. The results for show-jumping and cross-country may be explained by the lack of variability and heavily skewed nature of the performance data in these two contexts. Consistent with previous research, the results for dressage suggest that self-efficacy may be an important predictor of performance in sport. However, in line with theorizing by Lent and Lopez (2002), the results suggest that other-efficacy may also be an important predictor of behavioral enactment within performing dyads.

Interdimensional correlations in individual and dyadic performance ratings

Performance rating research about individual performance may not necessarily generalize to rating performance of dyads. Using data from the 1992 Winter Olympics, this study demonstrates that observed interdimensional correlations are higher when dyads rather than individuals are being rated, particularly when raters have the opportunity to form prior general impressions of ratees. Implications of these results are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Verbal discussions about social problem-solving between friends and non-friends

In the field of developmental social psychology there is a consensus concerning the social nature of intelligence. In spite of the important empirical investigations in this field over the last fifteen years, the influence of the quality of a relationship on joint problem-solving and learning is still poorly understood. This explorary study investigated the influence of socio-affective context on the interactive modalities surrounding social problem-solving discussions conducted with 32 dyads of 8-year-old Swiss francophone children. Sociometric interviews with children and teachers were carried out to identify the following naturally-ocurring socio-affective contexts: reciprocal friendship (RF), asymmetrical friendship (AF) and reciprocal absence of friendship (“reciprocal non-friendship” RNF; excluding enemies). Comparisons of verbal exchanges and dyadic performance across the three groups suggests that reciprocal friendship facilitates collaboration and the organization of collective work. Two rival hypotheses opposing socio-affective proximity (reciprocal friendship) and socio-affective distance (asymmetrical friendship and reciprocal absence of friendship) are discussed with respect to the influence of social interactions on social problem-solving.

An evaluation of dependent variables in experimental negotiation studies: Impasse rates and pareto efficiency

We discuss the importance of appropriate measures of dyadic performance in negotiations research. We review how the quality of negotiated agreements has been measured in recent experimental research on mixed-motive, dyadic negotiations. We argue that impasse rates have been largely ignored as a dependent variable and that failure to take account of impasse rates may bias experimental results. In addition, we show that impasse rates can vary across experimental treatments as a result of differences in the balance of power. Pareto efficiency is argued to be a better measure of the quality of dyadic agreements than is joint profit, the more commonly used measure. We discuss the theoretical implications of these two measurements and show when they would lead to different conclusions. Finally, we evaluate alternative operationalizations of Pareto efficiency.

Dyads at Risk: Methadone-Maintained Women and Their Four-Month-Old Infants

As part of a longitudinal study of offspring born to substance abusers, we videotaped 17 methadone-exposed and 23 comparison 4-month-old infants interacting with their mothers. Using a scale we developed, we rated communicative functioning in dyadic interaction and related mothers' interactive performance to their psychological and psychosocial resources and infants' interactive performance to their motor functioning as assessed on the Bayley Infant Behavior Record. We found, cutting across drug groups, that mothers who performed poorly on interaction were likely to have poor maternal resources and that infants showing poor communicative functioning were likely to show problematic motor functioning--namely, greater tension and poorer coordination relative to activity level; it was the opposite for mothers or infants who communicated well. Methadone was only one among several risk factors affecting interaction.

Dyadic Interaction in a Logical Reasoning Problem Requiring Inclusion Ability

This study involved a test of the hypothesis that dyadic performance is superior to the performance of children working alone because children in dyads are able to cooperatively coordinate their different perspectives. A novel task requiring inclusion reasoning was given to children 4--8 years old working in dyads and working alone. Dyadic performance was not superior and correct dyadic solution was frequently based on the incorrect child's compliance with the correct partner's judgment, a finding that is consistent with results of previous studies. Thus, the hypothesis was not supported because children working together did not do better than children working alone, and correct dyadic solutions were sometimes based on compliance rather than on cooperative coordination of perspectives.

Why ‘Socio‐cognitive Conflict’ may be Impossible: the status of egocentric errors in the dyadic performance of a spatial task

ABSTRACT This study examines the neo‐Piagetian hypothesis that dyadic interaction between children within the preoperational age range performing a spatial perspective‐taking task will result in ‘socio‐cognitive conflict’ caused by a clash of egocentric perspectives. Such conflict was not found to be a feature of dyadic interaction on the perspective‐taking placement task used here because children who made egocentric errors did not counter their partner's correct placement and complied with a correct partner's counter of their errors. This was interpreted as being due to the ‘performance’, as opposed to ‘competence’, status of egocentric errors. Further features of the error‐making data reinforced the performance interpretation. It was concluded that this and other studies support the claim that peer interaction may facilitate the acquisition of basic concepts, because of incorrect children's compliance with correction not because of ‘socio‐cognitive conflict’.

The allocation of monetary gain and loss following dyadic performance: The weight given to effort and ability under conditions of low and high intra‐dyadic attraction

European Journal of Social PsychologyVolume 8, Issue 2 p. 275-278 Article The allocation of monetary gain and loss following dyadic performance: The weight given to effort and ability under conditions of low and high intra-dyadic attraction† Helmut Lamm, Helmut Lamm Pädagogische Hochschule KölnSearch for more papers by this authorEgon Kayser, Egon Kayser Universität MannheimSearch for more papers by this author Helmut Lamm, Helmut Lamm Pädagogische Hochschule KölnSearch for more papers by this authorEgon Kayser, Egon Kayser Universität MannheimSearch for more papers by this author First published: April/June 1978 https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420080212Citations: 25 † This study was conducted at the Sonderforschungsbereich 24, Sozial- und wirtschaftspsychologische Entscheidungsforschung, Universität Mannheim (West Germany), and financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Land Baden-Württemberg. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume8, Issue2April/June 1978Pages 275-278 RelatedInformation

Dyadic performance on two tasks as a function of task difficulty, work strategy, and member ability.

Dyadic performance on two tasks as a function of task difficulty, work strategy, and member ability.

Dyadic performance on two tasks as a function of task difficulty, work strategy, and member ability.

Dyadic performance on two tasks as a function of task difficulty, work strategy, and member ability.

THE SIMULATED DRINKING GANG

Data analysis involved data from three different sources, the Cooperative Task Device (CTD), the commodity dispensing machine, and a Stephenson Breathalyzer (for blood alcohol determinations). Data were analyzed on three different levels: individual, dyadic, and whole group. Results are presented for work performance, role performance, commodity purchase patterns, comparisons of work and purchase patterns, and correlations of work time with work efficiency and blood alcohol levels. Marked discrepancies in individual and dyadic work performance were found in all three groups and there was no relationship between chips earned and chips spent. The "drinking gangs" seemed quite willing to tolerate "freeloading" when it occurred. Role performance at the CTD was inconsistent; individuals for the most part fluctuated in their role performance rather than remaining in a stable role, e.g., leader. There was no demonstrable correlation between work time at the CTD and either work efficiency or blood alcohol levels. Lastly, dyadic formation vis-à-vis work performance showed considerable fluctuation over time. Group members did not pair off into consistent and stable dyads when playing the CTD. These findings are discussed from the point of view of the series of alternative hypotheses presented in part I. It is maintained that the data are inconsistent with all of these hypotheses, but that they do help to substantiate and are consistent with the concept of the "drinking system."

Individual versus dyadic performance on a disjunctive task as a function of initial ability level.

Individual versus dyadic performance on a disjunctive task as a function of initial ability level.