There is some evidence to suggest that nutrition, particularly dietary calcium and protein, can influence bone mineral density (BMD) and ultimately osteoporosis risk. Purpose: We investigated the relationships between total calcium intake and the calcium-to-protein ratio to BMD in early postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that those women with a higher calcium intake or a higher calcium-to-protein ratio would have a higher BMD after controlling for lean body mass, months post menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) status. Methods: Fifty women between 1 and 36 months post menopause were studied. BMD of the hip and lumbar spine was assessed by DXA and nutritional data were collected using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. In addition, anthropometric characteristics and physical activity were assessed. Regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: After controlling for lean body mass, months post menopause and HRT status, we found that neither total calcium intake nor the calcium-to-protein ratio had a significant relationship to BMD at any of the bone sites studied. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that only lean body mass was significantly related to BMD, with months post menopause also related to BMD at the femoral neck bone site only. Conclusion: Lean body mass is significantly related to BMD in early postmenopausal women, while total calcium intake and the calcium-to-protein ratio are not related to BMD. We conclude that early post-menopausal women should focus more on their lean mass than their nutritional status when considering their risk for osteoporosis.