Dwelling Houses Research Articles

集合住宅におけるエネルギー使用実態と分散型電源の導入効果に関する研究 第３報 調査地域拡張による実世帯におけるエネルギー使用実態と居住環境の長期実測およびアンケート調査結果の評価

集合住宅におけるエネルギー使用実態と分散型電源の導入効果に関する研究 第３報 調査地域拡張による実世帯におけるエネルギー使用実態と居住環境の長期実測およびアンケート調査結果の評価

Modeling and assessment of a multi-apartment residential house with a planned overhaul

The overhaul potential is an effective mathematical model for evaluating organizational and technological solutions when planning for an overhaul of apartment buildings. The purpose of the study is to create a tool that would allow using the potential of the overhaul of tenants of an apartment building. The difficulty of using the potential of overhaul is the need to transform the qualitative characteristics of a dwelling house before the overhaul will be carried out in quantitative terms. But even after obtaining the value of the overhaul potential, it is necessary to obtain an interpretation of the obtained quantitative indicators in qualitative characteristics. To describe the object in which the overhaul is planned, taking into account all the parameters that may affect the choice of work in quantitative terms, it is necessary to form an organizational and technological model of a residential building in which an overhaul is planned. In turn, in order to interpret the obtained quantitative value of the potential, it is necessary to form a private potential scale.

미래 환경 변화에 따른 신주거 공간요소 분석에 관한 연구

The Fourth Industrial Revolution requires changes in education, institutions, jobs, social systems, and so on in order to pursue self-fulfillment needs beyond satisfying need. Among them, the residential environment is important as a dwelling house. Therefore, this study is aimed to suggest the development direction of new housing model and conceptual alternative to new residential space in response to this change. Therefore, the study system of this study approached from

CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF A FAVORABLE OUTCOME AFTER SEVERE INJURY DUE TO THE FALL FROM THE SIXTEENTH STOREY

Introduction. Catatrauma is one of the main causes of childhood injuries and deaths in Russia. The severity of the condition of catatrauma is caused by combined injuries, high disability and lethality depend on them. Most often, children fall from the balconies of houses, windows, trees, and playgrounds. The purpose of the study was to show, on a clinical example, the case of a fall of a child from the height of the 16th storey of a dwelling house and the survival with a favorable outcome. Material and methods. The clinical example demonstrates the provision of medical care to a 5 years old child with catatrauma in a metropolis. After falling from a critical height (48 m) at the prehospital stage, he was assisted by ambulance brigades, and transportation was carried out by a helicopter. At the hospital stage, the victim was treated at the Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Traumatology, where all departments of the clinic were involved. Results. This clinical case is unique in that the child, having fallen from the 16th sorey, from a height of more than 48 m, having received multiple combined injuries with an ISS score of 34 points, survived. An outcome was favorable due to the fact that the child was dressed in winter clothes with a jacket hooded over his head and fell into the snow, as well as coordinated actions of the services and units providing medical care at the prehospital and hospital stages in the metropolis. Conclusion. A favorable outcome after the child had fallen from a critical height, was affected by facts that both the child was dressed in winter clothes with a hood and a hat, put on the head, falling into the snow, and the coordinated activity of the structures and units participating in the prehospital and hospital stages of medical care.

Primary energy and CO2 emissions for a district city and a suburb

Abstract In countries of the European Union, the proportion of buildings in the overall energy consumption represents 40% and their proportion in CO2 emissions 35%. Taking into account dependence of the European Union on import of energy, this represents large quantity of energy and CO2 emissions, in spite of the fact that there exist effective solutions for reduction of building energy demand. In Directive 20-20-20, the European Union adopted three main commitments of fulfillment criteria by 2020. On the basis of this directive, the Slovak Republic declares support of renovation of apartment dwelling houses. Taking into account the fact that state subsidy can be obtained only once, and energy requirements of the European Union are increasingly stricter, a comprehensive approach to renovation of buildings is inevitable. At the same time, it is inevitable to propose the renovation of buildings taking into account requirements stated for buildings for year 2020. Two areas were compared within the case study taking into account primary energy and the quantity of CO2 emissions. Both areas have the same built-up area, but one of them is a district city and the second is a suburb. From results it is obvious that the quantity of primary energy is lower by 88% in the district city than in the suburb. The quantity of CO2 emissions is lower by 69% in the district city than in the suburb.

New Ecological Paradigm of Architectural Development of the Energy Efficient Affordable Low Dwelling

The problems of the planet’s ecology and the degradation of the environment are taking a dangerous turn. Uncontrolled growth of global greenhouse gas emissions has continued, the planet’s temperature rises. The construction industry is harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to apply “green construction”, especially developing the direction of energy-efficient low-rise housing. Designing low dwelling housing, focused on low energy consumption, it is necessary to take care not only about the heat, but also about the architecture of the building, ecology and internal comfort. It is necessary to suggest the construction of a building in which sunlight, the heat of the earth worked for the tenants. The considered ecological problems of the development of low dwelling architecture, adapting to the changing people’s needs, applying the principles of architectural and planning organization and developing construction technologies, move from the conceptual aspect to the actual one. In connection with this, it is necessary to use prefabricated buildings. It will require the erection of plants for the production of serial houses and the production of inexpensive building materials. There was a need to create buildings that would have maximum factory readiness, transportability, minimum volume, rapid erection and high comfort. There was a need to develop a project base and development of construction production for the low-rise housing industry. A wide application of prefabricated volumetric modular technologies for house building. Implementation of sustainable construction using only environmental materials. Analysis of the current situation for the development of low dwelling housing architecture showed that the main prerequisites for the formation of low dwelling housing are certain conditions. This is the impact of special natural and climatic factors, the choice of new land for construction, requiring minimum costs. A functional-spatial model of a low dwelling has been developed and proposed, an assessment of the comfort of a dwelling, the possibility of resource saving and expansion with an increase in the family. Energy saving and energy efficiency, they will be achieved in the form of increasing the heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures. Living in multistoried buildings leads to a progressive deterioration in the health of people, both physical and mental - this is the path to nowhere. Therefore, in the long term, an ecological low dwelling housing has no alternative. The sooner we start building them, the less our losses will be.

Investigation and Suggestion on the Building Environment of Traditional Courtyard House in Ancient City of Pingyao

The ancient city of Pingyao is the world cultural heritage, it has a complete preservation of the wall, the Yamen, the temple as well as numerous traditional commercial shops and the dwelling house, it is the Chinese historical economic and cultural development real testimony. With the development of society, there are great changes in family structure and life style, and people's demand is more and more abundant. People living in traditional courtyard house need to improve their living facilities and building environment and improve their living comfort continuously. We need more exploration and research on how to preserve the authenticity and integrality of the heritage value, improve the living environment, improve the quality of life of the residents, and let the residents actively participate in the protection of the heritage and enjoy the achievements of the heritage protection through the restoration of the traditional courtyard house in the ancient city of Pingyao.

SURVEY OF BUILDINGS IN THE CITY LESNOY ON THE INDOOR RADON CONCENTRATION

Survey of the buildings in the Lesnoy city, Sverdlovsk region, on the indoor radon were performed. Measurements of radon volume activity were carried out by integral method using radon track exposimeters REI-4. Exposimeters were installed for measurements at 2–4 months in the heating and warm periods of the year in the same premises. 17 kindergartens, 7 schools, 20 dwelling houses, 22 medical institutions and 3 other institutions were surveyed. The values of the equivalent equilibrium concentration of radon and indoor radon doses are obtained. The results of determining the radon equivalent equilibrium concentration in the premises on different floors of buildings belonging to different groups in the heating and warm period of the year, as well as the estimated average annual values of equivalent equilibrium concentration are presented. Average annual values of equivalent equilibrium concentration for kindergartens, schools, dwellings houses and medical institutions are in the range of 34–51 Bq/m3, and only for other institutions reach 79 Bq/m3. Average values of equivalent equilibrium concentration for all premises of the city Lesnoy were: for the heating period - 46 Bq/m3, for warm – 38 Bq/m3, average annual - 42 Bq/m3. It is shown that both for separate periods and for the annual the ratio of average equivalent equilibrium concentration values in the rooms on the second floors in relation to the first floors of different groups buildings is 0.6–0.8. For higher floors of dwellings houses the radon equivalent equilibrium concentration values does not depend on the floor. This can be explained by both the small statistics of measurements in the rooms on the upper floors and the relatively low values of equivalent equilibrium concentration, that is typical for most buildings of the city. The estimates showed that the average radon concentration in brick houses is less than in slag-block houses: the values of radon equivalent equilibrium concentration – 6 – 188 and 10 – 235 Bq/m3, the average annual values – 41 and 54 Bq/ m3, respectively. Conservative estimates of annual doses of radon in all the surveyed premises do not exceed 10 mSv/year, and the average annual doses for most groups of buildings (kindergartens, schools, dwelling houses, medical institutions) are in the range of 2 – 3 mSv/year, and only for the group «Other institutions» - up to 4 mSv/year.

Defining activity areas in the Early Neolithic (Starčevo-Criş) of southeastern Europe: A spatial analytic approach with ArcGIS at Foeni-Salaş (southwest Romania)

Through the years, there has been a great deal of archaeological research focused on the earliest farming cultures of Europe (i.e. Early Neolithic). However, little effort has been expended to uncover the type and nature of daily activities performed within Early Neolithic pit house dwellings in the northern Balkans. In this paper, we conduct a spatial analysis of the Early Neolithic (Starčevo-Criş culture) pit house levels of the Foeni-Salaş site in Romania to determine the kinds and locations of activities that occurred in these pit houses. Artefacts were piece-point plotted in the field to allow for their precise distributions to be identified within and between pit houses. Given the low frequencies of most artefact types, visual techniques are used to identify patterns. Such precise spatial data distribution yields a fuller understanding of how space was used at Foeni-Salaş. The results show that different types of activity areas are present within each of the pit houses. Comparison of interior to exterior artefact distributions demonstrates that most activities take place within pit house. Some of the activities present include weaving, food preparation, butchering, hide processing, pottery making, ritual, and other activities related to the running of households, and that each pit house was probably occupied by a small family unit.

‘Super-gentrification’ triumphs: gentrification and the displacement of public housing tenants in Sydney’s inner-city

This study analyses the super-gentrification of Millers Point, an inner-city area in Sydney, Australia, and the displacement of its 465 public housing tenants. Drawing on in-depth interviews with public housing tenants and homeowners, media reports and government media releases, it argues that a key reason for the displacement was the super-gentrification of the area that was hastened dramatically by the Barangaroo development, a massive urban spectacle on the site of the old port adjacent to Millers Point. Unlike the earlier analyses of super-gentrification described by Lees and Butler where an already gentrified area is settled by super wealthy households over a period of time, the shift to super-gentrification status in Millers Point did not involve households moving into an area already gentrified. Rather, the process was premised on the Barangaroo development and the displacement of public housing tenants. The displacement meant that the heritage-listed public housing dwelling were now available for purchase by exceptionally wealthy households.

FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WONOREJO SAMARINDA TAHUN 2017

Pneumonia disease is the leading cause of death of babies in the world. The prevalence of pneumonia in infants is 18.5 / mil. Data from Samarinda City Health Office during the last 1 year there are 91 cases of pneumonia in Karang Anyar Village and 63 cases in Teluk Lerong Ulu Village. Factors causing pneumonia are toddler factors, behavioral factors, and environmental factors. The results show there is a relationship between house humidity (p value = 0,013; OR = 0,192), house dwelling density (p value = 0,024; OR = 0,214), and family member smoking behavior (p value = 0,006; OR = 10,450) with incidence of pneumonia in toddlers in the Working Area of Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda. There was no correlation between house temperature (p value = 0,214; OR = 0,337), house lighting (p value = 0,095; OR = 3,188) and family disease history (p value = 0,707; OR = 0,753) with Pneumonia occurrence in infant in region Work Puskesmas Wonorejo Samarinda. It was concluded that there was a relationship between house humidity, home dwelling density, and smoking behavior of family members with the incidence of pneumonia in infants. It is recommended to be able to apply housing health requirements that meet health standards to reduce the incidence of pneumonia in infants and change smoking habits.

Houses on organic farms in north-east Mazovia: Existing material and construction solutions

The study presents building materials or systems which are described in the literature and are regarded as ecological, results of the investigations on the material and construction solutions in dwelling houses of selected organic farms in north-east Mazovia and prospecting for the influence of organic farming on dwelling houses. To prepare the paper, the literature on ecological building construction and ecological farming was used, visits at farms were made (collection of documentation and conversations with owners) and statistical data on the ecological farms in the Ostroleka and Makow counties were analysed. The investigations showed that there are no connections between the ecological farming and dwelling houses existing on these farms. The material and construction solutions applied there can be considered as non-ecological, which has been shown on the basis of the method by Dąbkowski (2002b). It has been also noticed that farm owners did not benefit from the rich material heritage (i.a. related to folk architecture) of the described region when building residential houses on their farms.

Evaluating the influence of building fabric, services and occupant related factors on the actual performance of low energy social housing dwellings in UK

This paper empirically investigates the influence of building fabric, services and occupant related factors on actual energy use of six case study dwellings, located in three new low energy social housing developments in UK, covering a variety of built forms and construction systems (timber frame, hempcrete, steel-frame). Physical monitoring of indoor environment and window-opening is cross-related with building fabric and systems’ performance, and qualitative data gathered through occupant surveys, review of control interfaces and handover guidance, to understand the causes of the gap between modelled and measured energy use. Actual energy use is found to exceed design expectations by a factor of three, questioning the need for whole-house mechanical ventilation heat recovery (MVHR) systems at measured air permeability rates of 6 m³/(h.m²) against the design target of 3 m³/(h.m²). Lack of proper commissioning of MVHR and heating systems, combined with inadequate user comprehension about their operation and control leads to occupant ‘misuse’ wherein systems are de-activated, thereby negatively affecting indoor air quality. This is confounded by occupant factors related to higher demand temperatures, unexpected opening of windows during winters due to under-performance of MVHR combined with habitual behaviours, and over-use of heating systems to compensate for higher than expected air permeability.

Study on the Renewal Tactics of Residential Suitability of Jinjiang Cabin Based on Thermal Comfort

This article from the climate characteristics of Jinjiang cabin in, in the form of field measurements, understand the wooden building thermal comfort, the traditional village residential suitability problem in the process of reform and renewal, puts forward the concept of traditional dwellings combining with regional characteristics. Put forward the palisade structure transformation, node optimization, heating means to improve the technology strategy, from the external structure optimization to improve internal heat source to find a way to live for, make traditional local-style dwelling houses building get sustainable development. The research of the project provides a method and basis for the protection and renewal of the traditional wooden house building in Jilin province, which provides some reference for the sustainable development of the settlement building.

Cold New Zealand Council Housing Getting an Upgrade

As people spend most of their time at home, residential thermal conditions are important. Central government debate about minimum temperature requirements for rental properties requires an evidence base of indoor temperature data. We collected temperature, humidity and energy data from 49 council housing dwellings in Wellington over winter, and self-reported thermal comfort and heating behaviour. Mean indoor temperature was 14.9°C, colder than the national average, with 67% of readings under 16°C, which the World Health Organization associates with health implications. With New Zealand’s high rate of excess winter mortality and children hospitalised for housing-related diseases, cold housing should be addressed.

A Brief Analysis on the Redesign of Traditional Cave Dwellings

Cave dwelling, the treasure of ancient architecture, is the unique product of Chinese Loess Plateau. However, recently due to the continuous development of social economy and industrial civilization, traditional cave dwelling in our country has represented the backwardness and poverty of the country, and it had been gradually abandoned in the history. In order to effectively avoid this phenomenon and protect the traditional cave dwelling to the greatest extent. This paper makes relevant introduction about traditional cave dwelling, and meanwhile, the redesign of traditional cave dwelling houses has also been studied in detail.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on the mechanism and influence factors of urban style building based on cloud computing logistics information

This paper introduces the basic process of automatic modeling of large-scale buildings. By extending L-system theory and using elevation mapping and automatic river recognition, this paper studies and proposes an automatic road generation method for complex terrain. Experiments show that this method can automatically generate the uniform and varied streets with the surrounding terrain and environment in complex terrains with elevation, river and other constraints, and enrich the research content of road modeling in virtual city. Finally, the author summarizes and analyzes the shape characteristics of the village roads in Wannan dwelling houses, and proposes a road generation algorithm based on Voronoi diagram, which can effectively make up for the lack of changes in the L-system generated roads.

Rainwater Harvesting As Alternative Source of Sanitation Water in Indonesian Urban Area (Case Study : Bandar Lampung City)

This paper aims to investigate supporting capacity of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to meet sanitation water needs in the area of Bandar Lampung. Simulation involving rainfall data, house roof data, house dwelling data, and data of domestic water needs per capita is carried out to find optimum supporting capacity of RWH. The simulations show that optimum storage for the RWH in the area of study is 90 m REKAYASA SIPIL / Volume 12, No.1 – 2018 ISSN 1978 - 5658 3 . On this design, supporting capacity of RWH for year 2012, 2013, and 2014 is 71.2%, 99.2%, and 99.7%, respectively. Main advantage of RWH is the preservation of groundwater. Others are the reduction of surface drainage discharge and the reduction of electricity consumption for taking groundwater

Management of acoustic risks for buildings near airports

Global population growth leads to a rapid urbanization of big cities and the development of transport infrastructure (airports, railway and bus stations). The strong urbanization in the cities of developing countries leads to a gradual rapprochement of dwellings and companies of airport zones. A fact that is real in Mali, where Bamako airport area has become an inhabited urban zone for some years by a part of the population. Given the importance of Bamako's airport traffic (West African crossroads), the proximity of the dwelling houses must receive the authorities and scientist's attention on the occupants' safety and quality life. The noise levels generated all around the airport zone throughout landings and take-offs by different aircraft types require an assessment of the acoustic noise level, the level of noise exposure and the building acoustic performance near the airport for users comfort and quality of life.In this article, we give in one hand the general notions on the inhabitants discomfort indicators, the building acoustics and, on the other hand, non-quality identification, and the discomfort factors whose resolution contributes to improving the building acoustic and environmental performance. These assessment studies are based on acoustic measurements and in-situ surveys from construction actors and users. Data from these surveys are processed with an evaluation methodology developed to improve knowledge and strategies aimed at preventing or minimizing the acoustic risks near airports. The capitalization of knowledge resulting from this study can serve as experience feedback through good practices advocacy and corrective and preventive solutions for building construction and renovation projects.

Problems of Legal Registration of the Section of an Individual House

The article analyzes the civil law and law enforcement practice of the Russian Federation in terms of the legal registration of the section of an individual dwelling house. The legally significant circumstances are determined, the establishment of which is necessary when dividing a residential building with the formation of a multi-family residential building and a blockaded building. The authors, guided by the legal positions of the highest bodies of justice of the Russian Federation, substantiate the conclusions about the presence of gaps in the legislation and significant difficulties in the legal registration of the section of an individual dwelling house. Thus, based on an analysis of the legislation and its application in cases of dwelling section, a conclusion is made that a number of problems arise during the formation of two objects as a result of dividing a dwelling house: an apartment building and a blocked construction house and not forming parts of a dwelling house.