Dwarf Goats Research Articles

West African Dwarf goat populations of tropical rainforest zone: application of multivariate analysis tools on their characterization using morpho-biometric traits.

This research was carried out to characterize the West African Dwarf (WAD) goats using multivariate approach based on their morpho-biometric traits in the tropical rainforest zone of Nigeria. Data on four physical qualitative traits, six morphology indicators, and nine morphological characters were generated from 279 goats. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric analysis and one-way approach of ANOVA with post hoc tests, discriminant analysis (canonical), principal component analysis (categorical), and regression tree analysis were employed to discern the effects of location and sex on the parameters, as well as characterize the goats. The frequencies of the qualitative traits show black coat color predominated (60.2%) over other coat colors, plain color predominated (75.3%) over other color patterns, straight horns (38.1%) predominate over other horn shape, and beard presence (66.7%) predominated over non-beard presence among the goats in terms of locations and sexes. Location and age were significantly affected on the biometric characters (p<0.05 and p<0.001) with goats from Enugu having higher values than other states, while only head length (HL) was affected significantly by sex (p< 0.05). The morphological indicators were not significantly affected by location and sex (p>0.05 and p>0.001), while age was significant. The discriminant analysis revealed a sparse, non-intermingling populations for the physical traits, biometric characters, and body indices implying they are different distinct populations from each other. Generally, the goat populations could be characterized using heart girth (HG), rump height (RH), and body weight (BW) due to the principal components, while the CHAID and Exhaustive CHAID algorithm analysis revealed BW and HL as the genetic classifiers of the WAD goats, both in terms of locations. Basically, the goats from the 3 locations appeared to be more homogeneous in nature, implying that a deployment of specific complimentary genomics work targeted at future selection and breeding programs to improve their productivity in the tropical rainforest of Nigeria is necessary.

Enterotoxemia produced by lambda toxin-positive Clostridium perfringens type D in 2 neonatal goat kids.

Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D usually affects sheep and goats ≥ 2-wk-old. The main clinical signs and lesions of the disease are produced by the epsilon toxin (ETX) elaborated by this microorganism. However, ETX is produced in the form of a mostly inactive prototoxin that requires protease cleavage for activation. It has traditionally been believed that younger animals are not affected by type D enterotoxemia given the low trypsin activity in the intestinal content associated with the trypsin-inhibitory action of colostrum. Two Nigerian dwarf goat kids, 2- and 3-d-old, with a history of acute diarrhea followed by death, were submitted for postmortem examination and diagnostic workup. Autopsy and histopathology revealed mesocolonic edema, necrosuppurative colitis, and protein-rich pulmonary edema. Alpha toxin and ETX were detected in intestinal content, and C. perfringens type D was isolated from the colon of both animals. The isolates encoded the gene for lambda toxin, a protease that has been shown previously to activate ETX in vitro. Type D enterotoxemia has not been reported previously in neonatal kids, to our knowledge, and we suggest that lambda toxin activated the ETX.

INFLUENCE OF BREEDS, PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS AND DIFFERENT FEEDS ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF GOATS IN BALI, TARABA STATE

The study evaluated the influence of breeds, physiological status and diets on biochemical parameters of West Africa Dwarf (WAD) and Sahel goats at the Teaching and Research farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State. A total of twenty-four does and their corresponding progenies of the two breeds were used for this study. Blood samples were collected from each animal to evaluate the biochemical parameters, which lasted for 12 calendar months. The animals were fed feeds components of Gmelina and cassava peel meal, Gmelina and cowpea husk, Ficus and cassava peal meal and, Ficus and cowpea husk as treatments (T1-T4 respectively).The parameters considered were, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, creatinine, albumin, protein, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. The data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using (Statistix, version 8.0, 2009) statistical package. The overall results of biochemical parameters by breed, physiological status and diet were 2.044, 103.88, 5.498, 139.84mmol/l, 3.415, 33.053mg/dl, 31.327mmol/l, 45.654g/dl, 8.500, 25.0iu/l and, 51.010g/dl, for Ca, Cl, K, Na, Urea, CRT, P04, ALB, ALT, AST, and TP respectively. Base on the present findings therefore, it is concluded that, Biochemical parameters are useful measures of physiological statuses are quite variable. The study has provided useful body of information/knowledge on the reproductive biology of the two goat breeds of the study area, which hitherto was not available. These indices should therefore be used with caution for any rigorous interpretation.

IN-VIVO ANTHELMINTIC AND TOXICITY STUDY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF PROSOPIS AFRICANA AGAINST HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS IN GOATS

In-vivo anthelmintic and toxicity study of Prosopis africana against Haemonchuscontortusin goats were evaluated for maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and therapeutic dose (TD) in this experiments. Two extracts, aqueous extract of stem bark (AESB) and aqueous extract of leaves (AELF) were obtained. Phytochemical constituents identified in the extracts include Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Steroids, Cardiac glycosides and Saponins. In maximum tolerated dose and acute toxicity study, eighteen West African Dwarf goats (aged 5-6 months old) were used. Three dose regimes of 1000 mgkg-1, 2000 mgkg-1and 3000 mgkg-1body weight for each type of extract was orally administered to three goats per dose with each dose being replicated thrice. Animals were observed for 48 hours for apparent signs of toxicity. Four weeks later they were re-examined for signs of delayed cytotoxic effects. At the same time, the goats were evaluated for egg per gram reduction. The results shows at the dose of 1000 mgkg-1, there was no mortality and no evidence of toxicity in both gross and histopathological lesions. At the dose of 2000 mgkg-1to 3000 mgkg-1, various histopathological changes were observed, and at 3000 mgkg-1 stem bark, showed highest reduction (94.2 %) in egg per gram. In this study, 1000 mgkg-1 and 3000 mgkg-1are considered as MTD and TD respectively.

STUDIES ON THE PREVALENCE OF GASTRO-INTESTINAL NEMATODES IN RUMINANT ANIMALS SLAUGHTERED IN BIU LOCAL GOVERNMENT ABATTOIRS, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

An epidemiological study was conducted from September-November, 2022 on the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes species among naturally infected ruminants slaughtered in Biu Local Area of Borno state, using centrifugal flotation techniques. Out of three hundred and eighty four (384) ruminants (162 goats, 110 sheep and 112 cattle) examined in the three selected abattoirs (Biu, Maringa and Buratai), 239 (62.34%) were infected. Maringa had the prevalence rate of 64.65%, Biu 63.89% and Buratai 63.16%. Although the highest faecal egg counts was recorded in Cattle 66.07%, the difference in prevalence rate between the different location and species of the animal were statistically insignificant p&lt;0.05. The parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides 33.81%, Ancylostomidae spp 30.93%, Trichosrongylus spp 16.54%, Strongyloides stecoralis 11.27%, Haemonchus contortus 5.51%, and Entoribius vermicularis 1.91%. Fulani cattle breed had the prevalence rate of 20 (71.43%), Wad Sheep 45 (66.18%) and West African Dwarf goat 80 (65.57%). The difference in prevalence rate between the different breed of all the animals were not statistically significant p&lt;0.05.The prevalence rate was 47 (72.31%) in male goats, 20 (41.67%) sheep and cattle 31 (67.39%) whereas female counterparts had 50 (51.55%), 48 (77.41%) and 43 (65.15%) in goat, sheep and cattle respectively. Both young and adults were infected with GI nematodes. Gastrointestinal nematodes are endemic in the study area. Therefore, mass administration of anthelmintic drugs, regular vaccination as well as educating the livestock’s farmers toward insuring production of healthy meat and improvement of their welfare is required to control the parasite in the study areas.

A Preliminary Survey on The Enzymatic Effects of Roxylene on West Africa Dwarf (Wad) Goat Fed Cassava Peels and Poultry Droppings

A 112days feed trial on West Africa Dwarf (WAD)goats fed cassava peels (CPM) and poultry droppings (PDM) with varying inclusion levels of enzymes on their growth performance and blood indices.Five dietary treatments levels based on the different percentage body weights per treatment were fed with varying levels of Roxazyme G2® at 4.4g, 4.6g, 4.8g and 5.0g which serves as T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively per kg of CPM + PDMThe moisture, dry matter, ash, crude fibre, ether extracts, crude protein and Nitrogen free extracts of the diets were 10.76-12.06%, 87.94-90.34%, 8.27-9.25%, 12.68-13.62%, 5.26-5.46%, 14.21-14.95 and 45.69-46.73% respectively.Data collected on the growth parameters and bloodindices of the goats were analysed, while the means were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results on the general performance of WAD fed poultry dropping with varying inclusion levels showed that T5 have superior mean values on the weight gain, daily weight gain and better FCR. On the blood indices of WAD goats fed enzyme showed increase values on the parameters evaluated at higher inclusion levels. It was concluded that higher inclusion levels of enzymes resulted to a better growth performance with increase immunity to fight infection as observed at higher concentrations on their blood profile.

Nano zinc supplementation in ruminant’s livestock, influence on physiological, immune functions and oxidative stability of West African dwarf goat bucks

Nano zinc supplementation in ruminant’s livestock, influence on physiological, immune functions and oxidative stability of West African dwarf goat bucks

Evaluation of haematological and biochemical changes following xylazine, tramadol and lignocaine premedicated propofol anaesthesia in West African dwarf goat

Evaluation of haematological and biochemical changes following xylazine, tramadol and lignocaine premedicated propofol anaesthesia in West African dwarf goat

Comparative evaluation of live body weight, linear body measurement and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf and red sokoto goats in Abak municipality, Akwa Ibom State

Comparative evaluation of live body weight, linear body measurement and carcass characteristics of West African dwarf and red sokoto goats in Abak municipality, Akwa Ibom State

Physiological and Coprological Changes Associated with Single and conjunct experimental infections of trypanosoma brucei and haemonchus contortus in west African dwarf goats

An experimental study on the interaction between Trypanosoma brucei and Haemonchus contortus infections was conducted on 36 male West African Dwarf Goats (WADG) of 8–9 months old. Coprological and physiological observations were made on these animals in different groups of 6 groups of 6 animals each. In this study, experimental single infections of either T. brucei or H. contortus and conjunct infection of both parasites produced an acute infection in WADG with initial parasitaemia occurring 7- 14 days post-infection and initial detection of egg in faeces occurring 14 days post-infection. The pre-patent period of infection of T. brucei and H. contortus were influenced by conjunct infections resulting in the early detection of nematode egg in the faeces and trypanosome in the blood of the infected conjunct groups. A high level of parasitaemia was observed more in group 3 compared to other groups. The faecal egg count and worm burden were more in groups 3, 4, and 5 than group 2. Judging from the degree of clinical manifestation, animals in the conjunct group appeared to be more severely affected. Haematological parameter changes were particularly more marked in conjunct infected groups (3 and 5). These observations may not be unconnected with the stress of the conjunct infections and immunosuppressive effects of trypanosomosis. This was very evident in the significant sustained decrease in the levels of packed cell volume, mean haemoglobin concentration and total red blood cell counts following the onset of parasitaemia and patency in the infected goats. The above observation confirmed the long-held view that both parasites precipitate anaemia and immunosuppression in infected animals.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Une étude expérimentale sur l'interaction entre les infections à Trypanosoma brucei et à Haemonchus contortus a été menée sur 36 West African Dwarf Goat (WADG) mâles âgées de 8 à 9 mois. Des observations coprologiques et physiologiques ont été faites sur ces animaux dans différents groupes de 6 groupes de 6 animaux chacun. Dans cette étude, des infections expérimentales uniques de T. brucei ou de H. contortus et une infection conjointe des deux parasites ont produit une infection aiguë dans le WADG avec une parasitémie initiale survenant 7 à 14 jours après l'infection et une détection initiale d'œufs dans les fèces survenant 14 jours après. -infection. La période d'infection pré-patente de T. brucei et H. contortus était influencée par des infections conjointes résultant en la détection précoced'œufs de nématodes dans les fèces et de trypanosomes dans le sang des groupes conjointsm infectés. Un niveau élevé de parasitémie a été observé davantage dans le groupe 3 par rapport aux autres groupes. Le nombre d'œufs fécaux et la charge de vers étaient plus élevés dans les groupes 3, 4 et 5 que dans le groupe 2. À en juger par le degré de manifestation clinique, les animaux du groupe conjoint semblaient être plus gravement touchés. Les modifications des paramètres hématologiques étaient particulièrement plus marquées dans les groupes infectés conjointement (3 et 5). Ces observations ne sont peut-être pas sans lien avec le stress des infections conjointes et les effets immunosuppresseurs de la trypanosomose. Cela était très évident dans la diminution significative et soutenue des niveaux d'hématocrite, de la concentration moyenne d'hémoglobine et du nombre total de globules rouges après l'apparition de la parasitémie et de la perméabilité chez les chèvres infectées. L'observation ci-dessus a confirmé l'opinion de longue date selon laquelle les deux parasites précipitent l'anémie et l'immunosuppression chez les animaux infectés.

Productive and physiological responses of West African dwarf goats fed diets containing gmelialeaf meal.

Productive and physiological responses of West African dwarf goats fed diets containing gmelialeaf meal.

DNA integrity and viability of testicular cells from diverse wild species after slow freezing or vitrification.

Cryopreservation of testicular tissues offers new possibilities to protect endangered species, genetically valuable individuals or even the fertility potential of prepubertal individuals who have died unexpectedly. However, the use of this technique still remains a challenge. In this study, slow freezing and vitrification of testicular tissue was investigated to find out which cryopreservation method could better preserve the viability and DNA integrity of testicular germ cells in diverse wild species. Testes were obtained post-mortem from 18 artiodactyls (wild boar, roe deer, dwarf goat, mhor gazelle, European mouflon, African forest buffalo, Malayan tapir, dorcas gazelle, Iberian ibex, gnu, red river hog), 5 primates (colobus monkey, capuchin monkey, mandrill), 8 carnivores (gray wolf, Persian leopard, binturong, European mink, American black bear, suricata), and 2 rodents (Patagonian mara). The testicles belonged to adult individuals and were cut into small pieces and cryopreserved by needle immersed vitrification or uncontrolled slow freezing using a passive cooling device. After warming or thawing, testicular tissues were enzymatically digested and two germ cell types were differentiated based on their morphology: rounded cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and early spermatids) and elongated cells (elongated spermatids and spermatozoa). Cell viability was assessed by SYBR-14/propidium iodide while DNA fragmentation by TUNEL assay with fluorescence microscope. Our preliminary results revealed that our uncontrolled slow freezing method better preserved the viability and DNA integrity of elongated cells than vitrification. Such trend was observed in all species, being significant in artiodactyls, carnivores, and primates. Similarly, the viability and DNA integrity of rounded cells was also better maintained in primates by uncontrolled slow freezing, while in carnivores, vitrification by needle immersion showed better results in this type of cells. In artiodactyls and rodents both techniques preserved the viability of rounded cells in a similar manner, although the DNA integrity of these cells was greater after needle immersed vitrification in artiodactyls. In conclusion, the effectiveness of each cryopreservation method is affected by the phylogenetic diversity between species and cell type.

Performance of Lactating West African Dwarf Goats Fed Guinea Grass Basal Diet and Cassava Peel and Leaf Meal Based Concentrate

Performance of Lactating West African Dwarf Goats Fed Guinea Grass Basal Diet and Cassava Peel and Leaf Meal Based Concentrate

Haematological Responses following Oestrus synchronisation and superovulation protocols in West African Dwarf Goats

Experiments were performed to evaluate the haematological (erythrocyte and leucocyte parameters) response of West African Dwarf goats following oestrus synchronisation and superovulation protocol. Twenty-four clinically healthy female goats aged 2.34 ± 0.4 years and average body weight of 13.83 ± 0.7 kg was used for the experiment. The goats were divided into two groups. Group I goats was synchronized using Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) for 18 days with the first day of insertion as day 0. On day 16 following CIDR insertion into the vagina, a single dose of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered to each doe intramuscularly while group II served as the control was subjected to the same housing and environmental conditions but was not synchronized. superovulation was induced with porcine follicle stimulating hormone (pFSH) which was injected intramuscularly at a rate of 5mg/kg in reducing doses twice a day at 06.00 h and 18.00 h for 3 days starting from 48hr i.e., 2 days before CIDR removal (day 17). A blood sample of 5 mL was collected by jugular venipuncture of each of the goats before the protocol (Day 0) and at the end of the protocol (Day 18). All erythrocyte parameters evaluated showed a significantly higher value in group II (control) compared to group I post-oestrus synchronisation while total leucocyte count, neutrophil count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio values obtained after the protocol were also higher in group I (P &lt; 0.05) compared to group II. It is therefore concluded that oestrus synchronisation and superovulation may elicit stress in West African Dwarf goats and an appropriate antioxidant should be part of the protocol.

"Effect of Albendazole on the kinetics of Sulphadimidine in West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats following Intramuscular Administration"

"Effect of Albendazole on the kinetics of Sulphadimidine in West African Dwarf (WAD) Goats following Intramuscular Administration"

Predicting the body weight of indigenous goat breeds from morphological measurements using the classification and regression tree (CART) data mining algorithm

Classification and regression tree (CART) is a tree-based data mining algorithm that develops a model to predict an outcome. This study purposed to create a model to predict the body weight (BWT) of Red Sokoto (RS), Sahel (SH), and West African Dwarf (WAD) goats using morphological measurements (such as body length, BL; head girth, HG; head width, HDW; face length, FAL; height at wither, HTW; rump length, RL; shoulder width, SW; rump width, RW; and rump height, RH). In total, 600 goats were used for this study (200 each of RS, SH, and WAD goats). Pearson?s Moment Correlation was used to evaluate the degree of association between BWT and each morphological measurement. Concomitantly, CART analysis was performed to estimate which independent variable (morphological measurements) played a considerable role in the BWT (dependent variable) prediction. In RS and WAD goats, a positive and statistically significant (p &lt; 0.0001) correlation was observed between BWT and each morphological measurement. However, in SH goats, both positive and negative statistically significant correlations were observed between BWT and morphological measurements. The CART analysis indicated that in RS and WAD goats, HG played a considerable role in BWT prediction, while, in SH goats, BL was considered the most critical independent variable in BWT prediction. Therefore, this study suggests that HG can be used as a prognostic index for BWT estimation in Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf, while BL can be used for Sahel goats. The SAS codes used are available via a GitHub repository (https://github.com/Soullevram/CART).

Haematological, serum biochemical and hormonal profile in West African Dwarf goats during pregnancy

Abstract The haematological attributes during pregnancy assumed new importance when it was realised that pregnancy is a form of physiological stress and hormones appear to be involved in the process of pregnancy and parturition. Hence, an experiment aimed at assessing and determining the haematological, biochemical and hormonal profile during pregnancy was conducted for five (5) months using twelve (12) artificially inseminated female West African Dwarf goats aged 2 – 4 years with live weights ranging from 15 to 26 kg. Does were raised semi‑intensively throughout the duration of the experiment. Blood was collected once a month for haematological, biochemical and hormonal analysis. Data obtained were analysed by the method of least squares analysis of variance (SAS, 2003) using a general linear model appropriate for a completely randomised design. The gestation period had a highly significant (p &lt; 0.001) effect on red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts. Cholesterol and glucose were significantly (p &lt; 0.001) affected by the gestation period, similar to the cortisol and progesterone profile (p &lt; 0.001). It can be concluded from this study that RBC counts were highest in the 4th week, WBC counts in the 8th week, cholesterol in the 12th week, glucose in the 8th week, progesterone and cortisol concentrations in the 20th week of gestation, respectively, in the West African Dwarf goats which reflect the physiological demands of pregnancy, foetal growth, and development. These changes can be used as a tool for monitoring foetal health and proper handling of pregnant does.

Nutrient intake, body weight changes, digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of West African dwarf goats fed Pleurotus tuber-regium treated cassava root sievate based diets

Context Biodegradation of agricultural wastes by enzyme from microorganisms, especially white rot fungi has been promising in degrading structural carbohydrates or structurally modifying proteins and their anti-nutritional properties thereby producing high quality products. Aims To evaluate the nutrient intake, body weight changes, digestibility and nitrogen utilisation of West African dwarf goats (WADG) fed Pleurotus tuber-regium treated cassava root sievate (PTRCRS) based diets. Methods The experimental diets were formulated such that PTRCRS was included in the different diets at 0, 20, 40 and 60% inclusion levels. Thirty-two WADG between six and eight months old averaging 5.26 kg in weight were randomly divided into four groups of eight goats each. The groups were randomly assigned to four experimental diets {T1 (0%), T2 (20%), T3 (40%) and T4 (60%)} in a completely randomized design. Each animal received a designated treatment diet in the morning (08:00 h) for 90 days. Feed offered was based on 3.5% body weight per day in addition to 1 kg wilted chopped Panicum maximum which was fed at 16:00 h. Fresh drinkable water was provided ad libitum. Key results There were significant (P &lt; 0.05) differences for dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as percentage of body weight (% BW), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes. Daily weight gain was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved in T3 and T4. Feed conversion ratio decreased (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing levels of PTRCRS. Dry matter, CP, crude fibre, NDF and ADF were better (P &lt; 0.05) digested in T4. Nitrogen intake was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in T4 (19.62 g/day) and lowest in T1 (12.39 g/day). Nitrogen balance, nitrogen retention and nitrogen absorbed were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher for T4 goats. Conclusion Incorporation of PTRCRS in WAD goat diets generally enhanced intakes, body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilisation. Implications The treatment of cassava root sievate, which is in abundance and hitherto without any known economic value other than causing environmental nuisance with PTR, could solve the challenges of feed scarcity which has been a major factor in ruminant production. The feeding of WAD goats with PTRCRS generally enhance their performances.

Evaluation of whole and skimmed cow milk extenders on West African Dwarf goat Semen

This study evaluated the efficacy of whole and skimmed cow milk as extenders for the semen of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat bucks. Semen was obtained from two adult WAD bucks (four times each) by electro-ejaculation method and maintained in an insulator at 37℃. Pre-extension and post-extension evaluations of the semen were carried out immediately, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes post collection. Whole and skimmed cow milk were used to extend semen obtained from the bucks. The semen characteristics evaluated included mass activity, percentage progressive motility, percentage normal livability and percentage normal morphology. Results revealed that whole cow milk effectively maintained the WAD buck semen characteristics post extension for a period of 30 minutes. Thereafter, value of each semen characteristic decreased progressively as the period of storage increased. There was rapid decrease in the characteristics of the buck semen extended with skimmed cow milk immediately post extension, the sperm cells were dead 15 minutes post extension. These findings suggest that WAD bucks can be extended with whole cow milk for 30 minutes at 37℃ successfully and not with skimmed milk.

INFLUENCES OF FEED AND SEASON ON BREED AND REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF AND SAHEL BUCKS IN TARABA STATE

The study evaluated the influence of feed on the reproductive parameters of West African Dwarf and Sahel goats at theTeaching and Research farm of the Federal Polytechnic Bali, Taraba State. A total of 8 bucks from two goats breeds (West African Dwarf and Sahel) were used for the experiment. The 8 bucks were later moved to Vom, for semen collection, using electro-ejaculator. The study lasted for 12 calendar months. They were fed Gmelina and cassava peel meal, Gmelina and cowpea husk, Ficus and cassava peel meal and, Ficus and cowpea husk as experimental treatments (T1-T4), respectively. Goats according to breed were allotted to treatments randomly and treated as factorial experiments. Season had significant (P&lt;0.01) influence on buck parameters (scrotal length and semen qualities). The overall samples collected was 192 on both the breeds on the following parameters; scrotal circumference, semen volume, semen pH, sperm concentration, sperm motility and live cells and the results were 11.91cm, 0.47ml, 6.78ph, 414.92x106, 83.02% and 92.33% respectively. The result was significant for breed, season and treatment for all parameters except live and dead cells for breeds and treatment. Feeding Ficus containing diets resulted in higher semen quality values. Also, semen colour using likert scale was analyzed which resulted to three types of colour (creamy, milky and watery). The colour was evaluated under based on breed, seasons and treatment diets (feeds). The overall results show insignificant differences for all the parameters (feeds, seasons, breeds and reproductive traits) observed.&#x0D;