DVD Disc Research Articles

The Role of Machine Learning Algorithms in Shaping the Hedonic Treadmill from the Perspective of Mental Accounting

The development of subscription-based video streaming services has transformed the way humans consume entertainment by granting users the freedom to watch any film, anytime, and anywhere. The presence of such services has become the biggest disruptor to conventional television stations, DVD producers, and even cinema services. Film consumption behaviors have undergone a shift triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic. Individuals have become accustomed to enjoying films from the comfort of their homes or their familiar surroundings, rather than having to travel far or purchase and store DVD discs. The streaming service business has skyrocketed and amassed a large number of subscribers. This reality indicates a change in the consumer decision-making patterns for video streaming services. Streaming services are perceived to provide more advantages or benefits compared to cost or sacrifices. In accounting studies, this phenomenon is referred to as mental accounting. Thus far, there have been few scientific studies attempting to address the topic of mental accounting in the video streaming service industry, particularly in relation to framing strategies and the creation of hedonic treadmills built from machine learning algorithms. This research aims to explain how successful video streaming service businesses create hedonic treadmill conditions for their customers, binding them to addiction. This study employs a qualitative method with an interpretative approach to video streaming services to design a conceptual model of how video streaming service businesses' machine learning algorithms create hedonic treadmills for their customers. The research findings indicate that machine learning algorithms can play a role in creating hedonic treadmills through the creation of five relevant values: compatibility, variability, originality, personalization, and flexibility through recommendation and prediction systems.

VISUAL DATA COMPUTER PROCESSING IN EDUCATIONAL DIY PROJECTS

The software tools for processing visual data in an educational chemical experiment, the experience of their usage, and a number of DIY (Do it yourself) projects developed on their basis were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the role of self-made devices during the forced online education caused by COVID-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine. The results of the development of the software tool ColorKit, which is being developed at the Department of Physics and Chemistry of H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University are presented. The basic principles were covered, the interface was described, the main functions of the application and their areas of usage were given. The principle of operation of the modules: "Spectrophotometer", "Colorimeter", "Refractometer", "Polarimeter" was characterized. The features of the structure of optical computer devices for physico-chemical analysis developed by teachers, students of higher education and students, members of the Academy of Medical Sciences were considered, and the results of their testing were highlighted. The design of an absorption spectrophotometer based on a reflective diffraction grating made from a DVD disc was described; a new method of its calibration using a diamond green solution was proposed. The operating model was tested and it was established that the accuracy of the device was sufficient for demonstration and educational chemical experiments. The operating principle of the "Colorimeter" module of the ColorKit software tool was considered. It was shown that, unlike other software tools, it had built-in approximation tools, which significantly facilitated the processing of visual data; displaying the results of mathematical processing in a graphic form, which made the experiment visual. It should be noted that for the correct operation of the virtual spectrophotometer and colorimeter in real time, the correct setting of the video device driver is quite important. A number of optical schemes of refractometers developed on the basis of the ColorKit software tool were presented: with liquid and V-prisms; i.e. the device whose principle of action is based on changing the optical properties of the lens in contact with the solution. It was shown that the simultaneous display of the course of the rays and the results of mathematical processing provides a high level of visibility. The results of the approval of the LED DIE refractometer with a V-prism are outlined. Further prospects for the development of the ColorKit project are planned.

Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of polycarbonate plastic wastes into cycloalkanes for sustainable aviation fuels

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is one of the effective methods for upcycling polycarbonate (PC) plastic waste, but the development of low-cost, high-performance HDO catalysts still faces great challenges. In this work, we report that a bifunctional Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst can directly upgrade PC plastic wastes into sustainable aviation fuel ranged cycloalkanes in high yields (99.3 %) with 81.2 % yield of C15 dicycloalkane under mild reaction conditions (190 °C, 4 MPa H2). Controlled reactions of PC and probe molecules demonstrated the conversion of PC into C15 dicycloalkanes involves PC depolymerization by direct cleavage of C-O bonds adjacent to benzene ring and ester group, forming C15 aromatics and C15 monophenols at the metal sites, followed by hydrogenation of C15 aromatics rings on metallic Ni sites and HDO of C15 monophenols on metal-acid dual sites parallel to generate C15 dicycloalkane. The C-C cracking mainly occurred on the tertiary carbon adjacent to the benzene ring on acidic sites of HZSM-5, thus forming C6∼C9 monocyclic alkanes. The realization of this process can be attributed to the cooperation between metal sites and acid centers on Ni/HZSM-5. Besides, the metal-acid balance (MAB) in Ni/HZSM-5 significantly affected the HDO activity and product distribution. 20Ni/HZSM-5(200) with suitable MAB showed good HDO activity and excellent selectivity to C15 dicycloalkane. In addition, the obtained catalyst was also capable of converting common real PC plastics wastes (CD disk, DVD disk and PC sheet) into cycloalkanes with the yield up to 98 % and exhibited excellent stability. This approach to construct inexpensive bifunctional catalysts highlights an efficient and reliable route for HDO of PC to sustainable aviation fuel, providing a new avenue towards a circular economy.

Relative humidity sensor based on a silver nano-grating made from DVD discs.

A relative humidity sensor based on a silver nano-grating was proposed. By stripping and cleaning commercially available CD and DVD discs, polycarbonate plates with different grating periods are obtained. These plates as templates are coated with a layer of sputtered silver film to form silver nano-gratings, which exhibit refractive index sensing sensitivities of 517nm/RIU and 742.9nm/RIU, respectively. The finite-difference time-domain simulation results conform the excited surface plasmon polariton modes and localized surface plasmon modes on the nano-grating. By spin coating a layer of humidity-sensitive porous silica with optimized thickness, the silver nano-grating shows a relative humidity detection sensitivity of 0.23nm/%RH.

Innovation in Constrained Codes

Constrained coding is a somewhat nebulous term which we may define by either inclusion or exclusion. A constrained system is defined by a constrained set of “good” or “allowable” sequences to be recorded or transmitted. Constrained coding focuses on the analysis of constrained systems and the design of efficient encoders and decoders that transform arbitrary user sequences into constrained sequences. Constrained coding has extensively been used since the advent in the 1950s of digital storage and communication devices. They have found application in all hard disk, non-volatile memories, and optical discs, such as CD, DVD, and Blu-Ray Disc, and they are now projected for usage in DNA-based storage. We survey theory and practice of constrained coding, tracing the evolution of the subject from its origins in Shannon's classic 1948 paper to present-day applications in DNA-based data storage systems.

Do I Need to Ask Permission? Applying Fair Use to Educational Activities.

Do I Need to Ask Permission? Applying Fair Use to Educational Activities.

Frugal Compound Microscopy for Microbiological Analysis and Education

We report a very frugal microscope building method from easily realizable parts. We show a highly portable field ready compound type microscope with bright field, dark field and projection microscopy capabilities. It has good resolution and magnification for multiple aspects of education and diagnosis. We demonstrate that such a system can be built from simple lenses in laser pointers and camera modules with no specific 3d printed parts or costly lenses. We show all the parts of the system like stage, coarse and fine focussing system, microscope body, even slides can be built from commonly available materials like soda bottle and DVD disks. We list alternate, safer and easily available staining methods and chemicals. The microscope is developed with a target that it can be self-developed even in rural areas of the world with only resources at one’s disposal with very little education. This features a stable focussing and panning system for comfortable viewing through eyes and also easy imaging with a smartphone. We show its utility for microorganism analysis and potential for clinical diagnosis.

Shrinking violet

In this paper, a simple method is described for visually demonstrating that the wavelength of light reduces when entering a medium of higher refractive index. When a violet laser (405 nm) is reflected off the surface of a Blu-ray disc (track spacing 320 nm) diffraction cannot occur since the wavelength is greater than the track spacing. However, in water (refractive index 1.33) the wavelength of violet light reduces to 304.5 nm and therefore first-order diffraction can occur when a violet laser is reflected off a Blu-ray disc submerged in water. A violet laser was reflected off a DVD in air, and one diffraction order was seen, but two orders were observed when the disc was immersed in water. Red, green, and violet lasers were reflected off CD, DVD and Blu-ray discs and the number of observed diffraction orders compared with theory. When a violet laser was reflected off a CD in air, three diffraction orders were seen, however five orders were observed in water. The use of tonic water in the experiments enabled the diffraction orders to be seen more easily because violet light causes the quinine in tonic water to fluoresce.

The Doctor, Ghana, and Me

The Doctor, Ghana, and Me

A low-cost spectrometer to analyse the purity of honey

Light spectrum dispersion is an exciting subjectin science because of its beautiful atmospheric colour phenomenon which attracts students. However, to see the phenomenon is not easy since it needs a spectrometer, which is commonly expensive. Therefore, the present study aims to describe a low-cost spectrometer for investigating lighting spectrum and analysing the purity of honey as a pedagogical students’ project. The spectrometer was constructed from a webcam connected to a laptop, a free spectrometer software, DVD disk, and black cardboard. The calibration of the developed spectrometer used an Argon (Ar) lamp. Afterwards, measurement tests were carried out by using Neon (Ne) and Xenon (Xe) lamps. A white light-emitting diode was used as a light source to measure several types of honey wavelengths. The results from the experiment show that the wavelength of Ar, Ne, and Xe are (503 ± 4) nm, (463 ± 3) nm, and (451 ± 3) nm respectively. The measurement accuracy of the spectrometer is 99.5%. In addition, the commercial honey characterisations show that pure honey tends to have an excellent and smooth spectrum with one peak. On the contrary, the adulteries honeys show a rough wave with many peaks representing the inhomogeneous ingredients. It is found that the average accuracy for honey spectrum is 99.8%. Moreover, the low-cost spectrometer can be built and used easily by students for educational purposes.

Perovskite Solar Cells: Colorful Efficient Moiré‐Perovskite Solar Cells (Adv. Mater. 15/2021)

In article number 2008091, Mingzhu Li, Wei E. I. Sha, Yanlin Song, and co-workers design and fabricate colorful efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) incorporating moiré interference structures by imprinting with a commercial DVD disc. The light-harvesting is boosted by elongation of the optical path and “folding” sunlight into the perovskite layer through changing the rotation angle. The moiré-PSC with an optimized 30° rotation angle achieves an efficiency over 21.76%.

Colorful Efficient Moiré-Perovskite Solar Cells.

Light harvesting is crucial for thin-film solar cells. To substantially reduce optical loss in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), hierarchical light-trapping nano-architectures enable absorption enhancement to exceed the conventional upper limit and have great potential for achieving state-of-the art optoelectronic performances. However, it remains a great challenge to design and fabricate a superior hierarchical light-trapping nano-architecture, which exhibits extraordinary light-harvesting ability and simultaneously avoids deteriorating the electrical performance of PSCs. Herein, colorful efficient moiré-PSCs are designed and fabricated incorporating moiré interference structures by the imprinting method with the aid of a commercial DVD disc. It is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that the light harvesting ability of the moiré interference structure can be well manipulated through changing the rotation angle (0°-90°). The boosted short-circuit current is credited to augment light diffraction channels, leading to elongated optical paths, and fold sunlight into the perovskite layer. Moreover, the imprinting process suppresses the trap sites and voids at the active-layer interfaces with eliminated hysteresis. The moiré-PSC with an optimized 30° rotation angle achieves the best enhancement of light harvesting (28.5% higher than the pristine), resulting in efficiencies over 20.17% (MAPbI3 ) and 21.76% ((FAPbI3 )1- x (MAPbBr3 )x ).

Laser induction of graphene onto lignin-upgraded flexible polymer matrix

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) has been demonstrated for various applications on a variety of rigid and flexible substrates such as wood, polyimide films and DVD disks. Here we report LIG produced from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using a commercially available scribing laser. Marginal addition of lignin into PDMS enables the formation of LIG from this lignin upgraded PDMS film while preserving its stretchable nature. Increasing lignin concentration in PDMS matrix leads to better multi-layered LIG. Lower laser trace speeds also result in higher quality porous LIG structures. To demonstrate the application for flexible electronics, the LIG was deployed as a pressure sensor.

VIDEO DOKUMENTER WISATA KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA

The design of a tourist documentary video for Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province, aims to increase the number of visitors who are still small due to the ineffective use of promotional media. The author is interested in raising this problem and designing a final work entitled "Tourism Documentary Video of Dharmasraya Regency".The design method used in designing this documentary video is the Thiagarajan method called 4D with 4 stages consisting of Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination. The design of a tourist documentary video for Dharmasraya district uses the SWOT analysis method.The results of designing a tourist documentary video for Dharmasraya district are packaged in the form of a video in the MP4 Full HD format which is burned to a DVD disc, and promoted on a YouTube account and also broadcast on I NewS TV Padang. The supporting media chosen were DVD labels, DVD disc covers, t-shirts, posters, key chains, pins, tote bags and social media profile icons.Keywords: audio-visual media, natural tourism, historical tourism, padangroco temple, Dharmasraya regency tourism.

Gallium Telluride Based Phase Change Materials for Neuromorphic Photonic Applications

Neuromorphic photonics intensively uses classical phase-change materials based on GeTe-Sb2Te3 (GST) composition line either to develop on-chip non-volatile photonic memories [1] or artificial synapses for complex integrated photonic systems capable of the image recognition [2]. The GST materials were originally designed for DVD and Blu-ray disks and not necessarily fully optimized for neuromorphic applications. As a possible alternative, we will present here structure and properties of gallium telluride based systems. The structural studies using hard x-rays and ab initio molecular dynamics modeling will be compared with corresponding results for GST phase-change alloys.[1] C. Rios, M. Stegmaier, P. Hosseini, et al. Nature Photonics 9 (2015) 725.[2] J. Feldmann, N. Youngblood, C. D. Wright, et al. Nature 569 (2019) 208.

Century of the Angklung Journey and Its Establishment in Thailand

Both Thai and Javanese have been with lifelong cultural friendship for over 250 years. Thai people enjoyed the Panji storytelling since the late 1700’s andhave been using Panji as written Thai poetic literature and for court theatre over2 centuries. We shared the same brass knobbed gong culture with its pentatonic(Slendro) and septatonic (Pelog) equidistance scales. The angklung, bambooshaking instrument, were brought as a gift to royal children by HM King Rama the V to Siam since 1871 but the ensemble were not set up until our great court musician named Jangwang Sorn Silapa-banleng, took the instruments from Sunda West Java to Bangkok in 1908, later, he established the very first ThaiAngklung Ensemble played several songs he composed in pentatonic scalesame way he heard in the Javanese Islands. Since then, the bamboo angklungwere made with the Thai native bamboo followed by the nationwide uses. Thispaper describes the Angklung Journey from West Java to Thailand showing thehistoric photographs of Thai Angklung music teachers, their houses ofAngklungs and the music they composed. Today, Thai Angklung were used forchildren classroom music. DVD and Musical Disc of Thai Angklung will bedemonstrated, bringing both music knowledge and enjoyment to show thecross cultural examples of the two nations.

Measuring technological patent scope by semantic analysis of patent claims – An indicator for valuating patents

One of the most crucial tasks in patent analysis concerns valuating patents as intellectual properties which embody financial assets, and yield license fees or even competitive advantages. There are several approaches that deal with finding indicators of a patent's value, some in terms of patent scope. So far, the available work is incomplete in various respects. Overcoming deficits caused by an insufficient use of bibliometric indicators, this paper provides a normalized technological patent scope indicator through a semantic patent analysis of patent claims. By providing regressions between the patent scope and several indicators, this paper shows that the patent scope in the case of the three technologies DVD, HD-DVD and Blu-ray disc, follows several theories of prior work. This work tackles theoretical implications, as it manages to operationalize Knight's theory (hash mark analogy of broad and narrow patent claims) by a data driven approach and enhances recent work by means of a normalized semantic patent scope, based on patent claims instead of bibliometric data. Finally, managers may profit from a higher resolution regarding decision making for competitor analysis and M&A-questions, as this new indicator describes how broadly assignees define their technologies semantically, thereby offering a source for a patent's value.

Using a scanning electron microscope in physics STEM education

This paper describes the use of a tabletop electron microscope in teaching college level physics. The workings and use of an electron microscope encompass many aspects of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). A sequence of activities was constructed to compliment the instructional material in the physics course of the University of Queensland Foundation Year. A Hitachi TM4000 scanning electron microscope was used to obtain images to measure the track spacing of CD, DVD and Blu-ray discs. The nominal track spacings are 1.6 µm, 740 nm and 320 nm for CD, DVD and Blu-ray discs, respectively, comparable to the wavelength of visible light and therefore give rise to visible diffraction effects. The track spacing for a CD and DVD was measured using red, green and blue laser pointers with an accuracy well under 10%. The experiments described in this paper demonstrate how a scientific instrument such as a scanning electron microscope can be used to integrate the teaching of different STEM areas.

Fabrication of Graphene/MoS2 Nanocomposite for Flexible Energy Storage

In the present work,MoS2 decorated graphene nanocomposite powders were synthesized by laser scribing method.Theobtainedflexible light-scribed graphene/MoS2composites are very suitableas micro-supercapacitors and thus their performance was evaluated at different concentrations.The effect of laser scribing process to reducegraphene oxide (GO) was investigated. The GO/MoS2composite wassynthesized using a chemical mixing of GO solution withMoS2/Dimethylformamide (DMF)solution.Themixtures with various concentrations of MoS2were then coated on a LightScribe DVD disk and laser scribed to reduce GO and create aMoS2/laser-scribed graphene (LSG) composite. Four different concentrations of MoS2/LSG composites (pristine rGO, 1:100, 1:75 and 1:50 MoS2/LSG) were utilized as supercapacitor electrode and the electrode with the best performance was selected for flexible micro-supercapacitor applications. The present findingsdemonstrate that MoS2/LSGmicro-supercapacitor has high specific capacitance per area. The sample with MoS2/LSGvolume ratio of 1:50 shows the highest specific capacitance (~ 8 Fcm-3) and itscyclic stabilityis favorable over 1000 cycles. Keywords:Graphene oxide, laser scribed graphene,MoS2/LSG nanocomposite, micro-supercapacitor, RGO, Microstructure, DVD.

“Two Birds with One Stone”: Transmedia Serialisation in <em>Twin Peaks</em>

“Two Birds with One Stone”: Transmedia Serialisation in <em>Twin Peaks</em>