Work Duties Research Articles

Искусственный интеллект: горизонт влияния на трудовые правоотношения

The development of artificial intelligence and the introduction of intelligent systems in manufacturing and services are already having a major impact on the relationship between employees and employers: working conditions are changing, the employer’s ability to monitor the performance of their work duties by employees and evaluate the results of their work is expanding. The analysis of the ongoing processes allows us to conclude that in the conditions of Industry 4.0, the further spread of artificial intelligence systems in the world of work is inevitable, which will increase the frequency of human-machine interactions and qualitatively change the production environment. This will be facilitated by reducing the cost of training artificial intelligence and increasing its efficiency, the platformization of the economy, the implementation in practice of the model of smart manufacturing, etc. A further increase in the role of artificial intelligence in the world of work will accompany the transition to the next stage (Industry 5.0), which will affect the actual situation of the employee and the employer, causing the need to make changes to the norms of labour law that consolidate their status as subjects of labour relations.

The Effect of Risk Propensity on Family–Work and Work–Family Conflicts in Jordanian Nurses: Does Gender Matter?

Work and family duties may be in conflict, which can cause a problem faced by nurses and lead to significant physical and mental health risks. This study examined whether gender moderated the relationship between risk propensity with work-family and family-work conflicts in Jordanian nurses. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 206 nurses currently employed in two major referral hospitals. Data analysis was performed using the Macros process and correlations. The bivariate correlations showed that family-work conflict was significantly correlated with depression, stress, and risk propensity. Work-family conflict was only correlated with depression and stress. Macros process results showed that gender moderated the relationship between risk propensity and family-work conflict. These results showed that the risk propensity significantly affected family-work conflict in male but not female nurses. The results showed that gender moderated the relationship between risk propensity and family-work conflict but not between risk propensity and work-family conflict.

Novel Symptom Subgroups in Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome Predict Disease Impact and Burden

Current classification systems based on bowel habit fail to capture the multidimensional nature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We previously derived and validated a classification system, using latent class analysis, incorporating factors beyond bowel habit. We applied this in another cohort of people with IBS to assess its ability to capture the impact of IBS on the individual, the health care system, and society. We collected demographic, symptom, and psychological health data from adults in the community self-identifying as having IBS, and meeting Rome IV criteria. We applied our latent class analysis model to identify the 7 subgroups (clusters) described previously, based on overall gastrointestinal symptom severity and psychological burden. We assessed quality of life, health care costs (£1 = $1.20), employment status, annual income, work productivity, and ability to perform work duties in each cluster. Of 1278 responders, 752 (58.8%) met Rome IV criteria. The 7-cluster model fit the data well. The patients in the 4 clusters with the highest psychological burden, and particularly those in cluster 6 with high overall gastrointestinal symptom severity and high psychological burden, showed lower educational levels, higher gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety, were more likely to have consulted a gastroenterologist, and used more drugs for IBS. IBS-related and generic quality of life were impaired significantly in these 4 clusters and significantly fewer individuals reported earning ≥£30,000 per year. Productivity and the ability to work, manage at home, engage in social and private leisure activities, and maintain close relationships all were impacted significantly, and IBS-related health care costs over the previous 12 months were highest in these 4 clusters. In those in cluster 6, costs were more than £1000 per person per year. Our clusters identify groups of individuals with significant impairments in quality of life, earning potential, and ability to work and function socially, who are high utilizers of health care.

ANALYZING THE ROLE OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON EMPLOYEE LOYALTY IN INDIAN STARTUPS: A LINEAR REGRESSION-BASED APPROACH

Employee contributions have been widely acknowledged as critical to the growth of startups. Due to a lack of established structure and a need for more resources, startup employees often put in long hours with high workloads. Employees often take on multiple roles within a startup, each tailored to the business’s specific needs at any time. This results in employees being subjected to stress at work that could eventually lead them to become disloyal to their employers due to the difficulties associated with juggling work and personal duties. Therefore, this study examines how work-life balance affects employee loyalty based on the perception of employees working in startups in Kolkata, Bangalore, and New Delhi. With the help of statistical analysis techniques like correlation and regression analysis, this study takes a quantitative approach to the phenomenon being investigated, surveying 120 startup employees. The study’s results indicate that a healthy work-life balance is associated with greater employee loyalty. This paper fills a vacuum in the literature and contributes significantly to the expanding body of research that prioritizes work-life harmony to retain loyal employees.

Removal or retention of minimally invasive screws in thoracolumbar fractures? Systematic review and case–control study

BackgroundThere is uncertainty regarding delayed removal versus retention of minimally invasive screws following percutaneous fixation for thoracolumbar fractures. We conducted a systematic review and case–control study to test the hypothesis that delayed metalwork removal following percutaneous fixation for thoracolumbar fractures improves outcome.MethodsA systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Our case–control study retrospectively evaluated 55 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar fractures who underwent percutaneous fixation in a single unit: 19 with metalwork retained (controls) and 36 with metalwork removed. Outcomes were the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), a supplemental questionnaire, and complications.ResultsThe systematic review evaluated nine articles. Back pain was reduced in most patients after metalwork removal. One study found no difference in the ODI after versus before metalwork removal, whereas three studies reported significant improvement. Six studies noted no significant alterations in radiological markers of stability after metalwork removal. Mean complication rate was 1.7% (0–6.7). Complications were superficial wound infection, screw breakage at the time of removal, pull-out screw, and a broken rod. In the case–control study, both groups were well matched. For metalwork removal, mean operative time was 69.5 min (range 30–120) and length of stay was 1.3 days (0–4). After metalwork removal, 24 (68.6%) patients felt better, 10 (28.6%) the same and one felt worse. Two patients had superficial hematomas, one had a superficial wound infection, and none required re-operation. Metalwork removal was a significant predictor of return to work or baseline household duties (odds ratio 5.0 [1.4–18.9]). The ODI was not different between groups.ConclusionsThe findings of both the systematic review and our case–control study suggest that removal of metalwork following percutaneous fixation of thoracolumbar fractures is safe and is associated with improved outcome in most patients.

Universal Brief Mental Health Screenings for First-Year Medical Students: A 6-Year Retrospective of the Keck Checks Program.

Medical students are at elevated risk for mental health difficulties and may struggle to ask for help. Innovative outreach programs are warranted to reduce barriers and ensure that students receive the professional care they need and deserve. This article provides a 6-year retrospective of the Keck Checks program, a well-established initiative that offered universal 15-minute mental health screenings to every first-year medical student at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California from fall 2016 to fall 2022. This early detection program was designed to combat barriers to seeking mental health care by normalizing the concept of all students meeting with a psychologist early in their academic careers. The Keck Checks program showed promising feasibility, with a single full-time clinician successfully hosting appointments for entire classes of first-year medical students (mean of 189 students per class) during approximately 4 months, in addition to other work duties. Participation rates were high, with 715 eligible students (76.3%) choosing to attend their Keck Check. Students were frequently referred to follow-up services during the Keck Check, including mental health care (n = 360 [50.4%] referred), occupational therapy (n = 72 [10.1%] referred), and academic support services (n = 60 [8.4%] referred). Next steps include possible expansion of similar programs to medical students in years 2 to 4, residents, and physicians, as well as understanding the effect of brief mental health screenings on long-term help-seeking, adherence to mental health treatment plans, and general educational or professional success. Brief, universal mental health screenings are a relatively low-cost, high-impact approach for medical schools to consider in supporting the mental health of their student body.

Changes in Working Women’s Self-Reported Subjective Wellbeing and Quality of Interpersonal Relationships During COVID-19: A Quantitative Comparison of Essential and Non-essential Workers in Singapore

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has affected working women’s well-being in different ways due to contrasting national responses. This article focuses on the specific context of Singapore, which implemented differentiated rules for workers: essential workers continued to report to workplaces, while non-essential workers were required to work from home. This policy had far-reaching implications for working women, who are more likely than husbands to juggle paid work and household duties. The article uses longitudinal data collected in 2018 and during the pandemic in 2020, specifically during Singapore’s lockdown period, to measure changes in 287 working women’s self-reported levels of stress, fatigue, and quality of interpersonal relationships by essential worker status. While all workers were affected by the pandemic, female essential workers were more likely than their non-essential peers to report declines in stress levels from 2018 to 2020, and less likely to report changes in spousal relationships, both positive and negative. Findings suggest that the differences were driven by exposure to quarantine conditions faced by non-essential workers. Our results highlight the importance of policies supporting frontline workers and more gender-equitable labour market policies to support married women juggling the twin demands of employment and household responsibilities.

Challenges of female executives: using the hyperefficiency mode to cope with all their “invisible” and “visible” duties

PurposeThis paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approachThis briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.FindingsResearchers from Quebec found female executives used a “hyperefficiency operating mode” to cope with all their “invisible” domestic duties and more “visible” work duties at the same time. The authors said the study showed the effectiveness of the strategies, but also revealed the limited progress in tackling the persistence of sexual divisions in domestic labor.Originality/valueThe briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Depression, Anxiety, and Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Emergency Service Workers in Finland after a Post-Critical Incident Seminar—A Pilot Study

Emergency service workers encounter potentially traumatic incidents as part of their normal work duties. They are, therefore, at an increased risk of symptoms of poor mental health. In the past, post-critical incident seminars (PCIS) were offered to police officers in Finland who had suffered mental health consequences from a critical incident at work. Recently, the same seminar has been offered to emergency service workers in Finland. In this pilot study, the effects of PCIS on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress are tentatively mapped using self-assessment inventories. Fifteen emergency service workers who attended a PCIS in April 2021 filled out the inventories at the beginning of the PCIS and one, three, and six months after the PCIS. All symptoms measured in this study (depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress) decreased after the PCIS, but the clearest decrease was observed in traumatic stress symptoms. Future similar research should use a control group and a larger sample, track mental health symptom scores over a longer period, and compare qualitative and quantitative data to contribute to a richer understanding of this issue.

Challenges and Solutions for Establishing Robust Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Efforts in US Academic Radiation Oncology Departments

Challenges and Solutions for Establishing Robust Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Efforts in US Academic Radiation Oncology Departments

The Effect of Long Working Hours as the Source of Stress on Employee Task Performance at a Teaching Referral Hospital in Nyamagana District, Mwanza-Tanzania

This study’s primary goal was to evaluate how long work hours affect employees' performance at the teaching referral hospital in the Nyamagana District of Mwanza, Tanzania. The study had two other supporting objectives which are; to identify the extent to which Job insecurity affects employee job performance and to determine the effects of excessive work pressure on job performance. In this article, the author explains only how long work hours affect employees’ performance. This study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. 103 staff members of the Teaching Referral Hospital in Mwanza served as the study's sample population. In order to justify sample representation, the percentile method was utilized to acquire 10% of the physicians and nurses employed at the Teaching Referral Hospital in Mwanza. Because of this justification, the sample size for doctors was 27 and for nurses, it was 71. Following nondirectional hypothesis testing, the findings of the zero-order correlations and the regression analysis were also shown and computed at 2-tailed levels of significance. Out of the 103 surveys that were issued, 103 were returned, yielding a 95.1% response rate. Amin (2015) states that a response rate of 95.1 percent is high and that findings from the collected respondents contain useful information since a decent representation of the survey population is at least 70%. The study's results demonstrate how variables like time management have an impact on work duties. The results imply that workload has an impact on the health of healthcare professionals.

Black women social workers: Workplace stress experiences

Black women social workers (BWSWs) represent essential workforce members who are burdened by ongoing COVID-19 circumstances. Strategies to deal with highly stressful situations on the job, such as those experienced in 2020, were absent from the research literature leaving intervention strategies to support highly stressed BWSWs unknown. This study aimed to uncover the various ways BWSWs experienced their organizations as they performed work duties. Atlas.ti. 9 was used to analyze verbatim transcripts from 17 semi-structured qualitative interviews given by BWSWs across the United States in February 2021. Hermeneutic phenomenology was implemented to interpret interview data. The convenience sample was drawn from professional organizations where BWSWs claimed membership and volunteered to be electronically interviewed for 2 hours generating themes such as stress perceptions, institutional barriers to efficient work productivity and recommendations for workplace support. BWSWs reported high stress work environments in the past year. Some believed that their health and mental health declined because of the inability to find work-home life balance. Findings suggest BWSWs persevere regardless of high levels of stress and being unsupported in the workplace in order to maintain a livelihood. BWSWs play a crucial role in the lives of vulnerable populations, but need to attend to ways to be healthier given the polarization associated with racism, classism, and sexism experienced. Thematically, the data revealed stressful situations in the workplace and how organizations have failed to implement strategies in order to improve social worker health. Suggestions for workplace supports were also identified.

A Study to Assess Changes in Cortisol Level and Heart Rate Variability between Fixed Duty and Shift Duty Health Care Providers in a Tertiary Care HospitalA Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Increased demand of service 24 hours around the clock has divided the workers into 2 domains as “Fixed duty” and “Shift duty”. Personals associated with shift duty are increasing in numbers day by day. Shift duty or more specifically night duty is associated with increased stress which results in high morbidity and decrease in work efficiency. Cortisol hormone and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) are useful parameters to determine the effects of stress. Aim: To find any change in cortisol levels, HRV, Athens score among the fixed duty and shift duty healthcare providers. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital at Kolkata between July, 15th to Sept, 15th 2021. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was made and ethical clearance was taken from institutional IEC. Then after taking consent total 120 (60 fixed duty and 60 shift duty) healthcare providers were recruited for the study. Subjects of the study filled up a questionnaire {including Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS)}. After applying exclusion criteria (any cardiovascular, neurological, psychological, sleep disorder) 120 health individuals were taken five minutes short-term HRV (time and frequency domain) recording in supine posture and 4 PM blood sample (for cortisol) were obtained from the participants which was further analysed in Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLI). Data was analysed in SPSS version 20.0. Statistical tests like student t-test, Cron bach’s alpha and chi-square tests were applied significant p<0.05 (95% CI). Results: After analysis, shift duty workers showed a significant (p<0.001, Odd’s 10.706) higher chance of having insomnia (Athens score >6) than fixed duty workers. Blood test showed that shift duty workers had significantly high evening cortisol level than fixed duty workers (p= 0.036). The time domain of HRV showed that the parameters like Standard Deviation all NN interval (SDNN) (p=0.001), Mean HR (p=0.037), RMSSD (p <0.001), NN50 (p=0.006), pNN50 (p=0.002) were significantly different in the two groups. Whereas the frequency domain of HRV showed that HF power was lower and LF power (p=0.002), LF/HF ratio (p <0.001) were significantly higher in shift duty workers. Conclusion: The study showed that shift duty workers had comparatively higher stress levels resulting in significantly high sympathetic drive and increased risk of insomnia. This can be associated with morbidity and ill health in the shifting duty workers.

Ensuring sustainable development as a way to reduce enterprise expenses

This article explores the possibilities of using sustainable development to improve the enterprise's financial results, namely, the reduction of operating expenses. The authors highlight that many Ukrainian companies have not yet adopted such practices, citing concerns over financial burdens and time constraints. Nonetheless, sustainable development initiatives can confer powerful competitive advantages, especially during the current crisis in Ukraine. Therefore, the authors recommend that young enterprises and those striving to maintain profitability during wartime conditions consider implementing sustainable development measures as a means of cost reduction. To this end, the article proposes a specific sequence of actions. The first stage involves identifying areas within the value chain where costs can be reduced. The second stage is creating a list of measures deemed practical and timely by management. Finally, the authors have developed a matrix to prioritize measures that ensure sustainable development and cost savings. This matrix helps place measures according to three criteria (labor intensity, volume of financial costs, significance of impact on sustainable development) into four quadrants: immediate implementation, short-term planning, expansion of work duties, and operating debt. Also, the authors emphasize that thanks to the implementation of measures to ensure sustainable development, entrepreneurs can receive additional benefits in the form of SDI or ESG investments, providing timely reporting on the metrics of the components of sustainable development.

Form Seven Alpha

Which punishment would you pick? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the narrator lives in a society with an extreme form of environmentalism. Society has decided that people should live in archology islands and that the area between the islands should be left as pristine, undisturbed nature. City residents may only pass between the islands of civilization, and through the forest separated them, in groups of seven, with a guide, one time per year. And this is the problem. The narrator’s sister suffers from depression and, even though he has already made the crossing once this year, he attempts an illegal crossing to check on, and support her. He is caught and made to choose between the approved forms of punishment that include, (1) induced sleep, (2) extra work duty, (3) solitary confinement, (4) torture, or (5) limited privileges for the remainder of his life. He chooses solitary confinement and it nearly drives him crazy, but the greater punishment is knowing his sister is alone, suffering through her own depression.

CAMPS FOR CHILDREN AS A SPECIFIC FORM TOURIST ANIMATIONS

Knowing that animation is a significant factor in the development of tourism and increasingly a decisive factor in the selection of tourist destinations, it can be pointed out that it is extremely important when it comes to children. While parents imagine their annual vacation as rest and relaxation from everyday work duties, children as active beings, eager for fun, games, and adventures, need an active type of vacation. The existence of Camps for children is increasingly attracting the attention of parents because they represent an alternative for their child to spend part of their vacation in a safe, meaningful place that allows the child to interact with peers. Which camps exist, what are their specificities, how relevant are Camps for children as a tourist destination and what are the benefits that Camps offer are the questions that this paper deals with.The area of Bačka Palanka was taken as a case study for survey research. Based on a survey of the teaching staff of primary schools from Backa Palanka and parents of children of lower grades of primary schools the paper presents data on how many children of primary school age visit camps and what attitude the parents take.

Условия труда почтово-телеграфных служащих Тамбовской губернии во второй половине XIX – начале XX века

Introduction. The article deals with the problems of working conditions of postal and telegraph employees in the Tambov governorate in the second half of the XIX - early XX century. The relevance of the study is determined by the significant role of communication tool in the life of society and the state.Materials and methods. The research is based on a wide range of archival and published sources. The research is based on the materials from the funds of the State Archive of the Tambov region. A significant part of the archival documents used in the work is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The following methods of scientific research were used: comparative-historical, statistical, analysis, synthesis etc.Results. We study the material position of postal and telegraph employees, content of professional duties, working hours, the system of fines and benefits. The influence of working conditions on the revolutionary activity of communication workers is considered. The author comes to the conclusion that during the period under study, the socio-economic position of postal and telegraph employees was not easy. A long working day, a large number of work duties, the absence of leave for a number of categories of employees, the wage system – all this contributed to the involvement of signalmen in revolutionary activities. Nevertheless, even during the revolution of 1905-1907, the majority of postal and telegraph workers of the Tambov governorate as a whole remained loyal to the state authorities.

Sleep, chronotype, and quality of life of shift duty workers in tertiary care center of Saurashtra

Abstract Background: Insomnia in shift work has been associated with impairment in health and social life and poor quality of life among shift workers. Aims and Objective: The study aimed to assess insomnia, chronotype, and quality of life in nursing shift duty workers and to find an association among insomnia, chronotype, and quality of life in nursing shift duty workers of a tertiary care center in Saurashtra. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 300 nursing shift duty workers. Consented participants with at least one-night duty per week were included in our study. A semistructured proforma containing basic demographic details and scales such as ‘Insomnia Severity Index’ (ISI), ‘Composite Scale of Morningness,’ and ‘world health organization quality of life’ were distributed among all participants. Associations were examined by using t test and Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of insomnia was 42.66% in this study. A total of 27.33% of participants were having mild insomnia, whereas 15.33% were having moderate-to-severe insomnia. Insomnia severity was statistically significantly associated with needle stick injury (p = 0.003) and years of shift work (0.031). Insomnia severity had been significantly associated with the chronotype of participants, negative but statistically significant correlation was found between the ISI score and mean score of all four domains of world health organization quality of life. Conclusion: Insomnia in shift work has been associated with evening chronotype and poorer quality of life of shift workers. Therefore, the management of insomnia is important for a better quality of life for shift workers. Participants with insomnia are more prone to needle stick injury during work.

Employee Perspectives on Decent Work and Job Burnout: Evidence from Nepalese Manufacturing Industries

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between decent work and job burnout. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a structured questionnaire for the survey. It takes into account three factors of job burnout and seven dimensions of decent work to determine whether there is any association between them. The sample includes 600 people from four industrial estates (including 40 manufacturing industries and 15 employees in each) in Nepal. Findings: The findings supported the idea that there is a strong negative link between decent work and job burnout. Adequate working time and workload, meaningful remuneration, and fundamental principles and values at work are the components of decent work that predict a negative association with job burnout best. It seems that employees are more prone to experience burnout when these characteristics, which can be inserted in the many parameters of decent work, are lacking. Employees can combine work and personal duties and progress professionally with decent work and its dimensions. Research limitations/implications: Only a few manufacturing industries among Nepal's four industrial estates are the focus of this research. The findings of this study hence might not apply to all business groups. Practical implications: Decent work dimensions assist in lowering workplace stress among employees. Reduced job burnout improves both work and quality of work life. Originality/value: This research establishes the relationship between decent work and job burnout, to the author's knowledge the first of its kind in the context of Nepalese manufacturing industries.

Working conditions of public health care doctors working in unbridged island of korea

Objective: In this study, we wanted to check working conditions of public health care doctors(PHDs) working in unbridged island of korea.Methods: We made structured Self-administered questionnaire and sent to all of PHDs working in unbridged island and PHDs working in land as a controlled group.Result: 52 PHDs working in unbridged island and 130 PHDs working in land responded to our survey.PHDs working in unbridged island had difficulty using holiday, sick leave, and offical holiday to participate seminar. especially, difficult to use sick leave was statically significant(p<0.001). Almost all of them were working at night to coping with 24hr medical emergency, thus average overtime working hours was 214.8hr. However average overtime pay was 21.3hr and reward was not fully granted to them. Also, reward for COVID-19 related medical work(extracting COVID-19 specimen, medical examination before vaccination, epidemiological survey,prescription) were not fully payed (48.1%)as a wage guidelines given by the government. They suffered comparative deprivation from the other co-workers at same facility ,because of different working condition and duty. To cope with medical emergency, they required additional human resources with higher-level medical facility hotline(40.4%) and specialized medical emergency education(13.5%).Conclusion: A high percentage of PHDs working in unbridged island were first-year(92.5%),general practitioner or intern(69.2%), But they experienced high responsibility, low support and reward system early at their medical facility. So, policy making about appropriate reward and support system must be considered not only for PHDs working in unbridged island but also for primary health care system in korea.