Duty Of Government Research Articles

Access to Government Officials in the Age of Social Media

As social media platforms have become more pervasive, there has been a concomitant increase in the number of government officials using their personal social media accounts to perform official government duties. Most notably, President Donald Trump continues to use his personal Twitter account, established in 2009, prior to his presidency, to conduct a variety of official tasks. While the First Amendment’s Free Speech Clause traditionally protects an individual’s right to engage in self-expression, the Supreme Court has not unequivocally recognized an affirmative right to know as an extension of the First Amendment. Recent court decisions suggest this may change. This study addresses the contours of public access to government officials on social media. Specifically, it considers the circumstances in which government officials are likely to be held to a standard of accountability and the case for treating public officials’ social media accounts as public forums, including how factors relating to account ownership and content impact that analysis.

Performance Measurement for Sustainability: Does Firm Ownership Matter

Based on contingency and agency insights, this study examines the influence of ownership characteristics on performance measurement systems (PMSs) and outcome-based compensation systems driven by differences in organizational goals and objectives between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) in Vietnam. The influence of ownership characteristics on the design of PMSs received little attention from researchers so far. Moreover, the few studies that are available so far only examined the relationship between firm ownership characteristics and the presence and use of economic performance indicators and economic outcome-based compensation in firms. In this study, the scope of PMSs is broader, and sustainability indicators focusing on community programs, ethical behavior, and government regulation are included in addition to economic based indicators. Analyzing survey data with the use of partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling (SEM), we find that the higher the share of the government in an organization’s capital is, the significantly more governmental duty indicators and significantly fewer ethical indicators and economic indicators are included in the PMS and outcome-based compensation systems. The inclusion of community indicators is not associated with firm ownership characteristics. Meanwhile, non-SOEs include significantly more economic value indicators, but no societal measures, like ethical, community-oriented, and governmental duty indicators.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Aparat Dusun Dalam Pelaksanaan Tugas Administrasi Pemerintahan

Pelayanan yang terbaik yang seharusnya diberikan oleh pemerintah melalui aparatnya atau dalam hal ini birokrasi, namun dalam setiap pelayanan seharusnyalah didudukung oleh kemampuan aparat yang mumpuni dalam hal administrasi, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara serta informan yang digunakan sebanyak 11 orang. Hasil penelitian Pelaksanaan Tugas Administrasi Pemerintahan Desa di Dusun Teluk Panjang belum maksimal dilaksanakan, belum maksimalnya pelaksanan tersebut berdampak kepada rendahnya rekomendasi/hasil kerja yang dirasakan.
 Upaya peningkatan kemampuan Aparat Desa di Dusun Teluk Panjang terhambat dikarenakan kondisi pelaksanaan tugas pemerintahan desa disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang melingkupi aparat Dusun. Faktor-faktor yang dimaksud adalah minimnya keterampilan/kemampuan setiap Aparat Dusun sehubungan dengan tugas-tugas tersebut, masih rendahnya disiplin kerja ditinjau dari hasil kerja, minimnya pemberian bimbingan terhadap aparat, pengawasan dan, pengendalian yang tidak efektif, serta kondisi kerja yang kurang mendukung.
 Upaya peningkatan kemampuan aparat desa di Dusun Teluk Panjang dalam pelaksanaan tugas administrasi pemerintahan, khususrnya administrasi pemerintahan desa yang meliputi, pembinaan disiplin aparat, pendidikan dan pelatihan, motivasi kerja dan pengembangan karir.
 Kata Kunci: Peningkatan, Kemampuan, ASN, Pelaksanaan Tugas, Administrasi Pemerintahan.

Taming the digital information tide to promote equality.

Interactive technologies are changing the ways we learn facts, develop attitudes and participate in politics, with the ensuing risk of increasing pre-existing inequalities. Addressing this challenge is the duty of researchers, technology companies, governments and news organizations.

French Loanwords in English – Semantic Field of Mental States

This paper explores the conscious deployment of modal auxiliary verbs by the media to project stances and opinions on the topical issue of medical brain drain in Nigeria. Data, which comprised a total of 12 editorials on the issue of brain drain in the Nigerian health sector, were sourced from four Nigerian newspapers (Punch, The Guardian, Daily Trust, The Sun) published between 2018-2022. The identified modal verbs were categorised based on Palmer’s (1986; 1990) classification of modality: deontic, epistemic and dynamic. The modal auxiliaries are used to stir up the emotion of concern, project the duty of government and predictions about doctors’ exodus attempts, and communicate the disposition of the government towards the issue. The editorials are marked with modal auxiliary verbs intended to draw the attention of the public to the responsibilities of the government and the possible outcomes of taking (or not) necessary actions to tackle the menace of medical brain drain.

Institutional legitimacy in Sub-Saharan Africa

ABSTRACTHow do personal encounters with legal institutions shape citizens’ confidence in those institutions throughout sub-Saharan Africa? Using Afrobarometer’s cross-national citizen survey, we show that negative first-hand experiences with government courts and police erode citizens’ trust in those state institutions but do not tend to disrupt citizens’ perceptions of their authority to arbitrate or enforce the law. Individuals from diverse demographic backgrounds imbue state institutions with the right to perform their governance and law-enforcement duties, even after experiencing institutional incompetence or injustice. This article advances existing comparative research on legal institutions, which tends to conflate trust and legitimacy and overlooks the distinction between de facto performance and de jure authority. We suggest that rule-of-law institutions have deeper roots than some scholars have previously supposed.

DESKRIPSI KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA DESA GAPURA KECAMATAN WATUKUMPUL KABUPATEN PEMALANG

Leadership Description of the Head of the Gapura Village, Watukumpul District, Pemalang Regency. The practice of democracy has legitimized village leadership through village head elections. This legitimacy is a social asset that strengthens the village head to lead the village. Although in practice the implementation of government duties is certainly not enough if it only relates to public recognition, it requires administrative capabilities. At the concept and theory level, sometimes the village head cannot define in detail and measurably, but basically the nature of leadership values has been taken with simple patterns. Therefore, a combination of the two is needed so that the wheels of government can be implemented properly. The purpose of this study was to find out the leadership of the village head, to provide input to the District Head and Pemalang District Government about the leadership of the village head, and to provide an empirical picture to the readers as material for the study of governmental science development. This study uses a descriptive approach to describe existing phenomena, both natural and human engineering. The results show that at the empirical level the leadership values have been largely carried out by the Head of the Gapura Village, but the concepts of leadership in theoretical studies are still needed in addition to regulatory guidelines to complement the capacity of a village head

MAANGO: PENDIDIKAN MASYARAKAT NEGERI GAYO DALAM HASANAH SYARI’AT ISLAM DAN ADAT

Islam was originally used as a living joint manifested in the customs of the Acehnese people who then switched to following the system of government that resulted in the decline of the religious adaptation of Islam. Shifting of Islamic values to Syari'ah enforcement regions resulted in conflict. Aceh is able to rise to prioritize the syari'ah of Islam to be a mecca in the case and make a custom in life. Gayo which is one of the areas in Aceh to develop the Aceh Gayo Traditional Assembly so that the value of Islam and customs in line in educating the community into a khalifah. This paper reviews the concept of MAANGo in preparing a dignified society on the aspects of life in Islamic and customary hasanah law. and to know the results of institutional tasks in educating people based on Islamic and customary law. MAANGo as an institution in tradition establishing by breathing Shari'ah in accordance with the condition of the region that prioritizes Islamic values. The concept in dealing with the behavior of society that in fact is changing is by making education as the front guard to doctrine mindset and behavior according to custom syariat through the field of customary law, the field of assessment, education and development, conserving library or guidance of customs and empowerment of women. The result in carrying out the mandate as an tradition institution to build the smoothness of government duties, conservation of customary law values and to maintain harmony in social matters.

Promoting the Right to Education through A Card: A Paradox of Indonesia's Educational Policy?

In 2015, the Indonesian government unveiled the Smart Indonesia Program, or Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP). The program consisted of educational subsidies through cash transfers exclusively granted to students aged from 6 to 21 years old from poor families. This paper examines the role of the PIP subsidy pertaining to the fulfilment of the right to education. As a consequence, it resulted in a competing account between cash transfers and the minimum standard of government duties to fulfil the need for adequate educational support. There is a paradox in the government's educational policy on the fulfilment of human rights to education in dealing with the PIP program. While educational complexities faced in remote areas cannot be hindered and it is granted not solely to students from vulnerable families. Such discrepancies in programs circumstantially affirm that the government ignores the root of Indonesia's educational problems, including providing free education as its obligation to human rights. The research conducted concludes by suggesting the government to evaluate the current policies by considering budget priorities and the efficiency of providing inclusive education.

Is there a need for personal gambling licences?

Licensing is currently the most popular option among regulators for controlling gambling operations. However, approximately 20% of operators are still public monopolies. Many forms of gambling (especially lotteries) are government operated even in countries with a licensing system. This creates an inherent conflict of interest, given that government is supposed to protect the well-being of its citizenry and to reap the benefits of gambling at the same time. At least in the gambling monopoly, however, addressing the unavoidable harm that results from gambling should be a priority. Industry self-regulation and reliance on “responsible gambling” rely too much on individuals to control their own gambling. It is suggested in this contribution that it is possible to provide more comprehensive consumer protection, recognising both the duty of governments to take care of their own citizens and the fact that industry self-regulation is not enough. Pre-commitment cards have been tested in various contexts, and have shown promise in terms of providing tools for individuals to restrict their own gambling. However, given the known shortcomings such as allowing the use of other cards that are not one’s own, and other venues, it is clear that in themselves they do not guarantee effective prevention. Personal licensing is therefore explored as a move forward in this literature-based discussion. Although the system may be applicable to other contexts, the focus is on the Nordic countries. Given that the underlying justification for gambling monopolies is to control gambling-related harm, in the cases of Finland and Norway licensing could be combined with loyalty cards introduced by monopoly operators. This would provide a feasible alternative to current practices of responsible gambling.

Pavement of Good Governance Into the Local Government Institutions of Bangladesh

To achieve sustainable development for a nation, progress in all sectors of the country is necessary by ensuring certain democratic rights and public participation from the higher level to even the grassroots level. This mechanism can be approached through the effective implementation of local government and its function and power by complying with the theory of decentralization. Hence, the objective of the paper has shed light upon good governance in the local government institutions of Bangladesh by examining their performances and identifying the existing problems. Being the second most important tier of the state, it is expected that good governance should commence from the lowest tiers of the government. The paper highlights that the key element to ensure good governance initiates from the equal participation of the local people along with the effective functioning of the lowest tiers of the government. Due to the absence of the above-said essentials, the paper proposes that it is the duty of the national government and other related tiers of government to provide the appropriate environment to demonstrate these features in their administration. Furthermore, it recommends that there should be proper harmonization in various institutions of the government at achieving good governance. The higher tiers of government should provide legislation, reforms, and coordination; align with constitutional provisions, to promote the spirit of good governance at the local platform.

The Migration of Government Documents Duties to Public Services: An Analysis of Recent Trends in Government Documents Librarian Job Advertisements

ABSTRACTThis paper establishes trends in the duties of government documents librarians through analysis of job advertisements and provides insights into the current delivery of government information in an academic setting. The authors reviewed 75 job advertisements posted between 2010 and 2016 and categorized types of duties found within each advertisement. The public service responsibilities of reference and information literacy appeared in over 80% of advertisements. The data revealed that depository operations have migrated to a function of the reference department, with most academic libraries considering government documents librarianship primarily as a public service rather than a technical service.

Karet Alam Sebagai Basis Pembangunan Pedesaan dan Peningkatan Tarap Hidup Masyarakat yang Berkelanjutan: Kritik Atas Paradigma Developmentalisme

ABSTRACTThe research argues that natural rubber plantation can become a main priority of development process in Indonesian rural regions. Even thought by four years the price of the commodity has been impressively decreasing, it does not relate with the quality and prosperity of farmer’s daily life. Moreover, the plantation has a sustainable characteristic as the commodity is adaptive with environmental biodiversity. This argument can be a point of view to criticize the paradigm of developmentalism focusing on the economic growth and industrialization. Besides, by using the paradigm of institutionalism, as the highest population of poor families concentrated in the rural region, it also argues that the main duty of current Indonesia government is how to stabilize the rubber price in the national market and how to develop a sustainable institution of rubber farmers. Qualitative method was adopted in the research when the primary and secondary data are collected through observation, documentation, and in-deep interview. The research was conducted in Bengkalis regency, Riau Province, and Garut regency, West Java.

The Effect Of Alcohol, Cigarette Consumption And Obesity On The Life Expectancy At Birth

Background: The main factors that affect the health statuses of individuals are classified as environment, behavior, healthcare services and genetics/inheritance. Among such factors, behavioral factors cover alcohol and cigarette consumption, and obesity. This study analyzed the effect of behavioral factors on life expectancy at birth, as one of the health status indicator, specific to Japan. Methods: Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was utilized to identify the effect of alcohol and cigarette consumption, and obesity on the life expectancy at birth. Results: According to the analysis, alcohol and cigarette consumption, and obesity negatively affect the life expectancy at birth. A one-unit increase in the rate of alcohol, smoking and obesity decreases the life expectancy at birth by 0.043, 0.038, 0.054 years, respectively. Conclusions: Although the related behavioral risk factors are individual choices; it is recommended that governments should take a number of measures against such risk factors, since the protection and development of social health are considered as main duties of governments.

IPTEKS PROSEDUR PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN BIAYA PERJALANAN DINAS PADA BIRO UMUM DAN PROTOKOL SEKRETARIAT DAERAH PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

The government must run the wheels of government honestly and cleanly and its neighbors must comply with the applicable laws and regulations. In managing finances the government must be able to account for every rupiah spent in carrying out government duties. The corruption cases of Official Travel have been many because of those who were not responsible. Regulations concerning Official Travel in the PMK Number 113 of 2012 concerning domestic official travel for State officials, civil servants and temporary employees. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the Accountability of Travel Agency Services at the General Bureau and Protocol of the Regional Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province is in accordance with the PMK Number 113 of 2012 concerning domestic official travel for State officials, civil servants, and the employee is not permanent or not. The results of the study show that the Accountability of Travel Agency Services at the General Bureau and Protocol of the Regional Secretariat of North Sulawesi Province is in accordance with the PMK Number 113 of 2012.Keywords: government, accountability, official travel costs.

GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN CAMAT DALAM PENYELENGGARAN PEMERINTAHAN DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI AMBAWANG KABUPATEN KUBURAYA

The performance of the apparatus in carrying out government duties is expected to be carried out seriously by having a willingness to compete giving the best in order to achieve the stated goals. The function of guidance and direction of a sub-district head is reflected in the leadership style that is applied to the administration of government, development and community empowerment. The results of the study show that the Cooperation dimension, the dimension of listening and receiving suggestions / inputs and the dimensions of encouraging decision-making, are more dominantly applied by the sub-district head, which is the dimension of the participative leadership style.

GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN CAMAT DALAM PENYELENGGARAN PEMERINTAHAN DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI AMBAWANG KABUPATEN KUBURAYA

The performance of the apparatus in carrying out government duties is expected to be carried out seriously by having a willingness to compete giving the best in order to achieve the stated goals. The function of guidance and direction of a sub-district head is reflected in the leadership style that is applied to the administration of government, development and community empowerment. The results of the study show that the Cooperation dimension, the dimension of listening and receiving suggestions / inputs and the dimensions of encouraging decision-making, are more dominantly applied by the sub-district head, which is the dimension of the participatif leadership style. Keyword: Style of leadership, governance, sub-district head, decision making

Effect of Government Investment and Capital Participation on Local Own-Source Revenue: The Case of Indonesia

This research aims to investigate the implications of regional asset growth, intangible assets and capital participation to the local revenue as a moderating variable. This study offers a new insight on examining the role of government income sources in improving the local government revenue, and by combining with quantitative method to examine the regional financial performance of West Java Provincial Government between 2012 and 2016. The study examines whether the capital participation of local government on the local state-owned enterprises influences the government income. This is considered interesting to examine, regarding the fact that there is a common perception that the duties of local government are only to exercise public service and run the central government policy. The sample used in this study includes the entire districts and municipalities that present information consistently during the research period. The data analysis was conducted using the Moderated Regression Analysis, which focus on the absolute difference test. The results of this research show that the growth of fixed assets has a significant positive effect on regional revenue, while the growth of fixed assets moderated by the inclusion of capital has an insignificant effect on the regional revenue.

Good Governance in Respect of Women Empowerment in India

Our Indian laws and laws throughout universe are nearly connected with society and derived out of society. It truly shows the system of livelihood subsisted in society. Society cannot be stuffed to particular laws and rules. It keeps on changing as per economic, scientific and technological growth. As per changing society, it changes the rules and regulations. This is a dynamic approach of law. With changing society to change the rules and regulations this responsibility lies with legislatures and active judiciary. The administrative and discretionary actions of government are subject to judicial review. Natural justice is the principle of administrative law and it should be duty of administrator to administer the Justice on the basis of justice, equity and good conscience. It is duty of government to provide fair justice to everyone without discrimination on the basis of sex. Gender injustice is prevalent in India since from ancient period. At that time also, women were on an inferior position, but offences were not committed frequently against them. Nowadays on the name of women empowerment government providing so many legislative enactments as well as facilities in favour of women on the other hand day by day offences increasing against women. Therefore, through this article it is an attempt to interlink between how the woman empowerment in India closely connected with good governance.

Constructing the Fundamental Principles of Taxation through Triangulation

ABSTRACT Taxation principles were applied as early as 4000 BC in Sumer. The formulation of recognized taxation principles commenced formally with Adam Smith in 1776. He called them the four maxims of taxation. The principles formulated by Smith were grounded in his observations and personal experiences of the world. After Smith, several individuals, committees, and reviews added their ideas to the principles of taxation. The question discussed in this paper is whether these principles formulated through the years are scientifically grounded. In order to ground the principles scientifically, three qualitative research methods were conducted. Method 1 is a thematic analysis of taxation history. Method 2 applies a qualitative research design called an Interactive Qualitative Analysis. Finally, Method 3 uses a single question in writing, sent to taxation experts from various countries. The question asked in Methods 2 and 3 is: What are the fundamental principles of taxation that are essential to taxation internationally as a discipline? The findings of the three research methods were triangulated in order to propose a set of six fundamental principles of taxation. The six proposed principles are: efficient and effective administration and communication; certain, neutral, understandable legislation; equity influencing different levels of society; taxpayers' duty to contribute to society versus the government's duty to strike a balance between taking too little and taking too much; benefits to the public through taxation; and change unwanted social behavior. JEL Classifications: H2; H3.