Dust Bin Research Articles

İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Geleceğe Yönelik Çevre Algılarının Çizdikleri Resimler Aracılığı ile Belirlenmesi

The purpose of the present study is to investigate first level of elementary school students' perceptions of the future state of the environment through the pictures they draw. The participants of the study are 131 first-grade students, 127 second-grade students, 160 third-grade students, 188 fourth-grade students, and 222 fifth-grade students, totaling 828 students. The study used the survey method, one of the descriptive research methods, to collect data. More specifically, the draw-and-explain technique, in which participants were asked to draw a picture about the environment and then explain their drawings, was used to collect data. In the analysis of the data, both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods were employed. When the data were analyzed, it was found that 28.5% of the students held perceptions of a clean future environment, that 40.3% held percep- tions of a polluted future environment, and 31.2% held perceptions of technological future environment. While a significant difference based on the region of residence and grade level was found in students' perceptions of the future state of the environment, gender did not yield a significant difference. The elementary school students' drawings mostly include elements such as trees, the sun, clouds, humans, birds, butterflies, houses, apartment buildings, mountains, seas, rivers, garbage, and dust bins. When the students' drawings were analyzed, it was found that the students mostly include environmental problems that they were more likely to see in their close environments, such as air pollution, soil pollution, over construction, and traffic. It was also found that students had a limited awareness of the types of pollution and of living and non-living organisms in the environment.

Ship of Death: A Voyage that Changed the Atlantic World by Billy G. Smith (review)

Ship of Death: A Voyage that Changed the Atlantic World. By Billy G. Smith. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013. Pp. 320. Cloth, $35.00.)Reviewed by Robert V. WellsShip of Death is a difficult book to review as it tells several stories, from the colossal failure of a small colonizing venture on the island of Bolama off West Africa in 1792 to the epidemic of yellow fever in 1793 that swept from Grenada and other Caribbean islands to Philadelphia, killing thousands. Linking these stories together is the ship Hankey that first took prospective colonists from England to Bolama in April 1792, and then sailed from Bolama to the Caribbean and on to Philadelphia by July 1793. Although the story of the rapid collapse of the Bolama enterprise might easily be relegated to the dust bin of history, Smith sees this transAtlantic tale of contingencies and unintended consequences as helping to explain events from the success of the Haitian Revolution via yellowfever deaths in European armies to Napoleon's decision to sell Louisiana to the United States, giving impetus to the creation of a continental nation. In addition to small actions having large consequences in the 1790s, Smith contends, the lesson of the global effects of local events has relevance today.Smith devotes the first six of nine chapters to the Bolama colony, with the Hankey receiving scattered attention. He begins with the efforts of abolitionists in England to sponsor a colony that would purchase rather than seize land from the locals, and would rely on hiring rather than enslaving African workers. The organizers and subscribers of the venture were inspired by reformist ideals, but the motives of the ordinary citizens of London and Manchester, who made up the majority of the 275 colonists, were more practical, such as improving one's fortune or escaping from the law. They set sail on April 11, 1792, with the Calypso and the Beggar's Benison joining the Hankey. Future problems were foreshadowed as no one actually knew Bolama's location, and the ships soon separated. The Calypso somehow found the island on May 24, where, without contacting local Bijagos, they began to move ashore. On June 3, the Africans attacked, ultimately killing eight and taking seven more prisoners. The settlers on the Calypso fled, but on June 5 encountered the other two ships. After recovering their prisoners, they all returned to the island, but on July 19, one hundred and forty-six discouraged colonists sailed for home on the Caylpso. Of the ninety souls remaining with Philip Beaver, who took command of the effort, only twenty-eight stayed passed November 23, when the Hankey set off on its fatal voyage taking sick survivors and infected mosquitoes. Beaver and the remaining colonists struggled mightily, recruiting Africans to work with them, but as 1793 came to an end, the six surviving settlers abandoned the effort.Chapter 7 returns to the Hankey and its infamous voyage. With sick passengers and a dwindling crew, the ship struggled to the Cape Verde Islands by early January 1793. Aided by two passing naval vessels in repairs and the loan of four sailors, the Hankey sailed for the Caribbean on January 27 with six passengers and a crew of four, reaching Barbados on February 14. Shortly after it anchored at Grenada on the 19th, a virulent form of yellow fever broke out among the crews of other ships in harbor; soon the disease spread ashore and as the ships departed, around the Caribbean. …

Comparative Analysis of Solid Waste Collection in Enugu UrbanNigeria

Current system of waste collection methods and facilities in Enugu Urban in Nigeria have become a significant and growing problem because it is grossly inefficient and ineffective. This research work evaluated the methods of solid waste collection in Enugu Urban by ESWAMA and suggests a plan for further comprehensive management. To collect data for the study, the collection crew of the existing ten zones were used. Random sampling was used in the zone to collect appropriate number and quality of respondents for our questionnaires and interview. Analysis of the data showed that there is a problem of indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in all the zones due to irregular and inefficient collection of solid waste and lack of suitable and adequate dust bins for the solid waste collection. The available and required total number of containers for haul container system are 28 and 265 respectively while for stationary container system are 684 and 1062 respectively. The average total cost in haul container system is N4,782,507.67 while that of the stationary container system is N17,585,808.41. The average efficiency of the collection crew for both haul and stationary container systems are 75.5% and 63.9% respectively. These results show that the haul container system is associated with higher efficiency and more less cost when compared to the stationary container system and as such is preferable. In order to improve waste management in Enugu state more suitable dust bins should be provided and professionals employed to manage waste. The government should provide more funds to the Enugu State Waste Management Authority (ESWAMA) to set up basic infrastructures needed for effective solid waste collection. Adopting these measures will improve the state of the Enugu urban environment with regard to solid waste collection.

Experimental investigations of additional gas extraction inside a cyclone

Abstract The paper presents the results of investigations on a cyclone with additional gas extraction. The experiments were performed in the cyclone with a diameter of 0.2 m equipped with a truncated counter-cone situated in the dust bin inlet. The gas stream flowing through the countercone was 10 and 20% of the gas supplied to the cyclone. The separation efficiencies and pressure loss were measured. The experiment showed that the extraction of gas by the counter-cone deteriorated the cyclone efficiency and forcing the outflow of gas through the counter-cone requires the use of an additional outlet fan.

The efficiency improvement of a large-diameter cyclone – The CFD calculations

This paper presents the CFD calculations of a large cyclone (the diameter of the cylindrical part is 0.7m) equipped with a counter-cone. Three cases of different locations and diameters of the counter-cone base were investigated. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) were used in the analysis. The Lagrangian method was employed to track the particle motion and calculate the cyclone efficiency. The applied model correctly reflects the flow through the device and facilitates the estimation of the separation efficiency. In the presented case, displacement of the counter-cone into the dust bin improved the separation efficiency with a slight increase in pressure loss.

Quality of Breast Cancer Early Detection Services Conducted by Well Woman Clinics in the District of Gampaha, Sri Lanka

Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in females in Sri Lanka and early detection can lead to reduction in morbidity and mortality. To evaluate selected aspects of breast cancer early detection services implemented through well woman clinics (WWCs) in the Gampaha District. The study consisted of two components. A retrospective descriptive arm assessed clinical breast examination (CBE) coverage of target age group women (TGW) of 35-59 years in all the WWCs in Gampaha district over 2003- 2007. A cross sectional descriptive study additionally assessed quality of breast cancer early detection services. The Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) technique was used to decide on the lot size and threshold values, which were computed as twenty and six clinics. Checklists were employed in assessing coverage, physical facilities and clinic activities. Client satisfaction on WWC services was assessed among 200 TGW attending 20 WWCs using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. CBE coverage in the Gampaha district increased only from 1.1-2.2% over 2003-2007. With regard to physical facilities, the number of clinics that were rated substandard varied between 7-18 (35- 90%). The items that were lacking included dust bins, notice boards, stationary, furniture and linen, and cleanliness of outside premises and toilets. With regard to clinic activities, punctuality of staff, late commencement of clinics, provision of health education, supervision, CBE and breast self-examination (BSE) were substandard in 7- 20 clinics (35-100%). Client satisfaction for WWC services was 45.2% (IQR: 38.7-54.8%) and only 11% had a score of ≥70%, the cut off set for satisfaction. Breast cancer early detection service coverage in the Gampaha district remained low (2.2%) in 2007, 11 years after commencing WWCs. All 20 clinics were substandard for overall CBE and BSE.

Route Optimisation for Solid Waste Management Using GeoInformatics

Due to rapid industrialisation, population of Chandrapur city of Maharashtra state of India is increasing day by day, hence increasing the solid waste generation. Around 0.25 kg /person/day solid waste is generated and around 80 ton wastes are dumped in dumping site daily. Collection and transportation is one of the important functional components of solid waste management. Thus, to keep city clean and environmentally healthy, the management of solid waste has now becoming an important issue. Geo-informatics is proposed to determine the minimum cost/distance efficient collection paths for transporting the solid wastes to the dumping site. This uses information on population density, waste generation capacity, road network, storage bins and collection vehicles etc. This paper attempted to optimise the route for collection and transportation of municipal solid waste of the city using geo-informatics technique. Initially all ancillary data have been collected from various sources. Using hand held GPS, the position of the entire dust bin in the city are collected and the data are converted into shape file. The roads are digitised from the road network map of the municipal corporation. From the shape file of existing road network, network database for the entire road are prepared using Arc-GIS 9.2. Taking capacity of solid waste carrying vehicle into consideration, the routes are optimised for each trip of vehicle and total distance to be travelled is calculated for each trip. Finally cost is compared for solid waste disposal using this technique with the existing system of Municipal Corporation. From the analysis and results, it is concluded that the Geo-informatics technique gives better accuracy for route optimisation and can be used as a decision support tool by municipal authorities for efficient management of the daily operations for transporting solid wastes, load balancing within vehicles, managing fuel consumption and generating work schedules for the workers and vehicles for overall cost minimisation.

Willingness of Pregnant Women in Benin City Nigeria to Donate Placenta Cord Blood for Stem Cell Transplantation

Stem Cell Transplantation has become an approved curative therapy for malignant and non-malignant disorders. Cord blood is a recommended source of Stem cell for Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). However the method of collection, maternal and placenta factors have been shown to influence the quantity and quality of the cord blood. A total of 302 pregnant women, attending the Ante-Natal Clinic from June to August 2010 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) were assessed for willingness to donate placenta cord blood for HSCT The results revealed that most of the women were mainly of age group 20-29yrs (53.2%), parity of 1 to 2 (59.6%), have tertiary education (57.6%) and were Christians (95.4%). However 212 (70.2%) of the pregnant women were willing to donate placenta cord blood. Reasons for those not willing to donate placenta cord blood were mainly that of fear of losing their child�s destiny (Placenta)with a figure of 20(22.2%), that it is a strange idea 16(17.8%), religious and traditional beliefs 14(15.6%)/8(8.9%) respectively. As part of the UBTH policy women routinely leave their placenta behind to be discarded by the hospital. Those who would prefer to take their placenta home were 32(10.6%) and 24(75%) of these women would rather bury their placenta in their compounds. The other 8(25%), would discard it in the dust bin. There is need to educate and reassure pregnant women in Nigeria to donate placenta cord blood, which hitherto is a biological waste. Cord blood in the future could be an important source of stem cells for HSCT for the purpose of initiating blood banking in Nigeria. Keywords: Placenta Cord Blood, Willingness to Donate, Stem Cell Transplantation. class

The snowblower problem

We introduce the snowblower problem ( SBP), a new optimization problem that is closely related to milling problems and to some material-handling problems. The objective in the SBP is to compute a short tour for the snowblower to follow to remove all the snow from a domain (driveway, sidewalk, etc.). When a snowblower passes over each region along the tour, it displaces snow into a nearby region. The constraint is that if the snow is piled too high, then the snowblower cannot clear the pile. We give an algorithmic study of the SBP. We show that in general, the problem is NP-complete, and we present polynomial-time approximation algorithms for removing snow under various assumptions about the operation of the snowblower. Most commercially available snowblowers allow the user to control the direction in which the snow is thrown. We differentiate between the cases in which the snow can be thrown in any direction, in any direction except backwards, and only to the right. For all cases, we give constant-factor approximation algorithms; the constants increase as the throw direction becomes more restricted. Our results are also applicable to robotic vacuuming (or lawnmowing) with bounded-capacity dust bin.

The role of lateral boundary conditions in simulations of mineral aerosols by a regional climate model of Southwest Asia

The importance of specifying realistic lateral boundary conditions in the regional modeling of mineral aerosols has not been examined previously. This study examines the impact of assigning values for mineral aerosol (dust) concentrations at the lateral boundaries of Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) and its aerosol model over Southwest Asia. Currently, the dust emission module of RegCM3 operates over the interior of the domain, allowing dust to be transported to the boundaries, but neglecting any dust emitted at these points or from outside the domain. To account for possible dust occurring at, or entering from the boundaries, mixing ratios of dust concentrations from a larger domain RegCM3 simulation are specified at the boundaries of a smaller domain over Southwest Asia. The lateral boundary conditions are monthly averaged concentration values (μg of dust per kg of dry air) resolved in the vertical for all four dust bin sizes within RegCM3’s aerosol model. RegCM3 simulations with the aerosol/dust model including lateral boundary conditions for dust are performed for a five year period and compared to model simulations without prescribed dust concentrations at the boundaries. Results indicate that specifying boundary conditions has a significant impact on dust loading across the entire domain over Southwest Asia. More specifically, a nearly 30% increase in aerosol optical depth occurs during the summer months from specifying realistic dust boundary conditions, bringing model results closer to observations such as MISR. In addition, smaller dust particles at the boundaries have a more important impact than large particles in affecting the dust loading within the interior of this domain. Moreover, increases in aerosol optical depth and dust concentrations within the interior domain are not entirely caused by inflow from the boundaries; results indicate that an increase in the gradient of concentration at the boundaries causes an increase of diffusion from the boundaries. Lastly, experiments performed using a climatology of dust concentrations yield similar results to those using actual monthly values. Therefore, using a climatology of dust mixing ratios is sufficient in implementing lateral boundary conditions for mineral aerosols. In short, this work concludes that realistic specification of lateral boundary conditions for mineral aerosols can be important in modeling the dust loading over arid regional climates such as Southwest Asia.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Edo State

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and factors responsible for the spread of intestinal parasites in Edo State and suggest strategies for their control. Methods: This prospective and cross sectional study involved 3601 (798 males, 1002 females and 1801 children) selected randomly from the 18 local government areas of Edo State. Stool samples collected from the selected participants were analysed using standard techniques. Using a structured questionnaire, factors which disposed to increase in the prevalence of intestinal parasites were investigated between April 2007 and March 2008. Results: High prevalence (11.3%) of intestinal parasites was recorded in the study. Those drinking well water had the highest prevalence, followed by those who used tap water and least among people who used borehole water. Infection rate was higher in children who lived in bushy surrounding and lower in children who lived in marshy surrounding. The highest infection rate of 10% was observed in chldren who lived in environments where refuse was indiscriminately disposed and lowest (2.5%) in adult males who inhabited environments where refuse was collected in dust bins. Children who ate outside their homes and with unwashed hands were more likely to be infected than adult males who ate at home. Conclusion: There was high prevalence of parasitic infections in the State. Factors including water source, environment, method of refuse disposal, feeding pattern, sewage disposal, socio-economic status and cultural habits were identified to be contributing to parasitic infection. Keywords: Socio-economic factors, parasitic infection, Edo state, Nigeria

Management of medical waste in Tanzania hospitals

A survey was conducted to study the existing medical waste management (MWM) systems in Tanzanian hospitals during a nationwide health-care waste management-training programme conducted from 2003 to 2005. The aim of the programme was to enable health workers to establish MWM systems in their health facilities aimed at improving infection prevention and control and occupational health aspects. During the training sessions, a questionnaire was prepared and circulated to collect information on the MWM practices existing in hospitals in eight regions of the Tanzania. The analysis showed that increased population and poor MWM systems as well as expanded use of disposables were the main reasons for increased medical wastes in hospitals. The main disposal methods comprised of open pit burning (50%) and burying (30%) of the waste. A large proportion (71%) of the hospitals used dust bins for transporting waste from generation points to incinerator without plastic bags. Most hospitals had low incineration capacity, with few of them having fire brick incinerators. Most of the respondents preferred on-site versus off-site waste incineration. Some hospitals were using untrained casual labourers in medical waste management and general cleanliness. The knowledge level in MWM issues was low among the health workers. It is concluded that hospital waste management in Tanzania is poor. There is need for proper training and management regarding awareness and practices of medical waste management to cover all carders of health workers in the country.

Microparticles as biomarkers in autoimmunity: from dust bin to center stage

Microparticles are small membrane-bound vesicles released from activated and dying cells. As shown in a study of primary Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, levels of microparticles in the blood, as measured by a solid-phase prothrombinase assay or flow cytometry, are increased with autoimmunity. Among patients with these conditions, however, particle numbers were inversely related to disease activity and levels of the enzyme secretory phospholipase A2 that can digest membrane lipids and perhaps cause particle loss. These findings suggest microparticles as novel biomarkers for autoimmunity, with levels reflecting events leading to their loss as well as production.

Science and Environmental Policy: The Role of Nongovernmental Organizations

Michael Oppenheimer Science and Environmental Policy: The Role of Nongovernmental Organizations THIS PAPER ADDRESSES THE ROLE OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, or NGOs, in the science-policy nexus. I shall draw on my 21 years ofexpe­ rience working for a nongovernm ental organization, Environm ental Defense, my earlier experience as a research scientist, and my recent experience as a professor, the latter two positions at large universities. I hope this quasi-anecdotal approach is informative, but in addition, it is a necessity because there have been relatively few academic studies of nongovernm ental advocacy organizations. I shall begin by considering a question arising from the opening section of this volume: Is the special objective role of science in the policy arena, presumed by m any observers to have existed in an earlier political era, about to disappear into the dust bin of history, and if so, should we act to restore such a role? My view is consistent w ith Daniel Kevles’s paper: science in the current policy world has just as m uch to do w ith regulation of corpo­ rate activity and, to a lesser extent, people’s lives, as it does w ith the means to wage war or develop consum er goods like com puter games. This development dates to the revolution in environm ental regulation in the 1970s, as well as the expansion of regulatory attention to foods, drugs, and health care. If science formerly was viewed as a servant of social research Vol 73 : No 3 : Fall 200 6 881 people’s wants and needs, science-based decision m aking now also func­ tions as som ething of a m aster over people and companies by dictat­ ing restrictions. So it was inevitable in a free society, organized in part along the lines of special interests, some empowered by large financial resources, that a melee should ensue. And that is w hat we have today on m any issues, particularly global warm ing, aided and abetted by a related phenom enon: governm ent that is often disingenuous. I argue that there is no point trying to put the genie back in the bottle, no point trying to regain an imagined status of science operating in splendid objectivity and isolation, rendering untainted judgm ents. It probably never was so, and I doubt it ever will be. Furtherm ore, it should become apparent from this paper that proposals to create a neat division between regulation and science, resembling Alvin W einberg’s earlier notion of a science court (Jasanoff, 1990), are tinged w ith elit­ ism while satisfying neither side, and if they were proposed (and I have heard such rumblings) m any scientists, including me, would be strongly opposed. The relation of science to government has indeed worsened, and needs to be fixed, but w hether or not the good old days ever existed, we should not aspire to return to them . To deal with current problems of the environm ent, science needs to be inclusive rather than exclusion­ ary, as usually has been its tendency. We need to recognize that values and viewpoints are an inevitable part of scientific judgm ent in the zone w here science interacts w ith governm ent over m any environm ental problem s, w here systems are complex, uncertainty is endemic, and learning is slow. W hat questions are asked and how they are fram ed are a critical part o f science research and science advice in this arena. A necessary part of improving the science-govemment interface is to avoid pretending that science advice in such an arena can be built from pure natural science. Rather, as Henry Kelly has noted, “Sound policy depends on a rough m arketplace of ideas.” We m ust all get used to this new situation. Of course, this rough m arketplace has some big downsides. The problem isn’t all the voices heard. Rather, it is that some participants do 882 social research not play by the usual rules, and at the same time, have disproportionate resources to amplify their message in public (Mooney, 2005) and often have differential access to the decision process (Jasanoff, 1990). The solution I propose is...

Flow pattern and agglomeration in the dust outlet of a gas cyclone investigated by Phase Doppler Anemometry

The PDA measurements in the downcomer tube of a gas cyclone provide the first in-situ experimental proof of agglomerated particles in a cyclone. The formation of agglomerates in the cyclone explains how particles of less than 20–50 μm are able to settle in the dust bin, in the presence of high velocities. The gas flow in the downcomer tube of the cyclone induces circulation of the particles in the downcomer tube and in the dust bin leading to agglomeration, and thus improves particle separation. The measurements confirm circulation of particles in the dust outlet geometry, as described earlier by Obermair. The particles transported upwards from the dust bin are centrifuged to the wall, and due to the increasing tangential velocities reach the downward flow at the wall. Due to the additional particle separation in the downcomer tube a cyclone with a downcomer tube obtains the best separation efficiency. Further, the measurements prove that due to the dust load there is a change in vortex from a potential vortex to a solid body vortex within the downcomer tube. While the effect of particles on velocity and the associated deceleration of the vortex was well-known in the literature, the change of vortex type had not been observed before.

Investigation of the flow pattern in different dust outlet geometries of a gas cyclone by laser Doppler anemometry

The separation process in a gas cyclone can be divided in three determining steps: (1) the movement of the particles in the cyclone chamber towards the cyclone wall due to centrifugal force, (2) agglomeration of particles at the wall and in the dust bin and (3) separation of the particles and/or agglomerates in the bin. For many years the dust outlet has been considered to be very important for the separation process. However, the actual geometry of the dust outlet was rarely investigated. Tests performed by the authors prove that different dust outlet geometries have significantly different separation efficiencies.Laser Doppler anemometry measurements in a cyclone equipped with three different dust outlet geometries show that both the gas flow in the dust outlet and the gas flow within the lower part of the cyclone change. By examining the different flows within the different dust outlet geometries the influence of the geometry on the separation efficiency can be explained. The best dust outlet of a cyclone is a downcomer tube, due to the “additional” separation process which takes place within it.

A Republic of Righteousness: The Public Christianity of the Post- Revolutionary New England Clergy

A Republic of Righteousness: The Public Christianity of the Post-- Revolutionary New England Clergy. By Jonathan D. Sassi. (Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. viii, 298. Illustrations. $49.95.) In this fine monograph, Jonathan D. Sassi provides a missing link between the Congregationalist clergy who urged New Englanders to stand up to British tyranny and those who inspired them to call for an end to slavery. He argues that the pulpit power was not shattered by the rise of dissent after the Revolution, nor was it made irrelevant by the general shift in American religion toward a democratic individualism that was little concerned with public affairs. Instead the heirs of the Puritans made a transition that allowed them to remain respected spokesmen for private and public morality despite the political and ecclesiastical changes that took place in the half-century after 1783. Thus, A Republic of Righteousness attempts to correct a rather large body of scholarship, of which Harry S. Stout's respected The New England Soul: Preaching and Religious Culture in Colonial New England (1986) is the latest example, that would relegate the New England clergy to what Sassi refers to as the dust bin of social irrelevance (5) in the new republic. At the same time, Sassi wants to demonstrate that public Christianity-the ways in which ministers tried to make religious beliefs and values speak to the problems of life in society (11 )-remained alive, despite the contrary implication of Nathan O. Hatch's enormously influential The Democratization of American Christianity (1993). Sassi's focus is on Massachusetts and Connecticut, where Congregationalism remained the established religion, although dissenters could designate their tax dollars for their own ministers. Not only did the established clergy enjoy a larger share of public funding, but they also maintained a close relationship with the economic and political power structure and continued to be recognized as the official interpreters of divine will. These clergymen saw the American Revolution as a work of Providence, although there was some question as to whether the United States had inherited the national covenant that once belonged to the Puritans or whether it was simply uniquely blessed. In any case, it was possible for the established clergy to see the hand of God in American affairs through the years of the Federalist ascendancy, although the French Revolution and its reverberations in America caused them concern. The election of Thomas Jefferson, however, was heavy rain on the Congregationalist parade. Not only did Republican success raise questions about the relationship between Divine Providence and American history, but it weakened the position of the established clergy and strengthened that of the dissenters, who were much more friendly to the new regime. By 1810, the Congregationalists were angry enough with the national government that they attacked the Constitution for its absence of religious provisions, and the War of 1812 completed their alienation. Meanwhile, at home in New England, the Baptists and the Republicans were making common cause, and when the Episcopalians in Connecticut joined that coalition, the result was a new constitution that ended that state's Congregationalist establishment in 1818. The demise of the Massachusetts state church was more a suicide than a murder, resulting from the split between Unitarians and orthodox Trinitarians that widened in the years after 1805 when the Unitarian Henry Ware became the Hollis Professor of Divinity at Harvard. Although the establishment struggled on until 1833, the mortal wound came in 1821, when the state supreme court allowed the taxpayers of Dedham to choose a Unitarian clergyman despite the fact that the church members wanted an orthodox one. …

Bibliographic Info Solely on Dust Jackets, Being Ephemera, Will End up in the Dust Bin of History

Bibliographic Info Solely on Dust Jackets, Being Ephemera, Will End up in the Dust Bin of History

Relegating "CVA" to the dust bin.

Relegating "CVA" to the dust bin.

1988 James B. Macelwane Medal to Kevin B. Quest

On behalf of my conominators, David Forslund and Dan Winske of the Los Alamos National Laboratory [LANL], I wish to congratulate Kevin Quest on his receipt of the Macelwane Medal. Kevin did his undergraduate work at Drexel University and received his Ph.D. from the Earth and Space Sciences Department at the University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA]. Somewhat prior to finishing his degree, Kevin joined the Theoretical Physics Division at Los Alamos. This coming July, Kevin will assume the duties of an Associate Professor at the University of California, San Diego in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.At UCLA, Kevin learned several lessons which are invaluable for a young theorist. Working amidst the experimental groups of Professors Coleman, Kivelson, McPherron, and Russell, Kevin came to appreciate the extreme difficulty of analyzing and interpreting satellite measurements of the complex space plasma phenomena. From Professor Ashour‐Abdalla, Kevin was trained to give clear scientific presentations that concentrated on the fundamental physics and to leave complicated mathematics to the dust bin otherwise known as the refereed literature. Finally, Kevin learned to ignore the well‐meaning, but too often errant, opinions of his thesis advisor. In fact, Kevin ignored his advisor to such an extent that 7 years later I am still waiting for a copy of his Ph.D. dissertation.