Dust Bin Research Articles

Smart Waste Management System

Internet of Things (IoT) plays an important role to make the cities greener, safer, and more efficient. Waste collection management solution based on providing intelligence to wastebins, using an IoT prototype with sensors is been presented in this paper. Planning the waste management for all of the garbage produced in the country is an enormous task which involves both logistical planning and scientific knowledge in order to balance the impact on the environment and the people. With speedy increase in population, the issues related to sanitation with respect to waste operation are demeaning immensely. It creates unhealthy conditions for the citizens in the near surroundings, leading to the spread of contagious conditions and illness. In the proposed system, embedded device helps in real time monitoring of checking the status of the waste in waste dustbins. The data regarding the waste level will be used to deliver optimized route for waste collecting vans, which will reduce cost associated with fuels. The load sensor will increase effectiveness of data related to waste status and moistness sensor will be used to give data of waste segregation in a dust bins. Keywords: Internet-of-Things, smart waste management, Arduino, Wi-Fi, Internet.

The Background Interstellar Medium as Observed from Off-order Low-resolution Spitzer-IRS Spectra

Spitzer “hidden” observations of the background are used to construct a catalog of 4090 spectra and examine the signature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and their connection to extinction by dust. A strong positive correlation is recovered between WISE12, E(B − V), and the 11.2 μm PAH band. For 0.06 ≤ E(B − V) ≤ 5.0, correlations of the 6.2, 11.2, and 12.7 μm PAH band are positive with E(B − V). Three dust temperature regimes are revealed. Correlations with WISE12 are well constrained and that with 12.7/11.2 is flat. Decomposition with the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database reveals a tentative positive correlation between the 6.2/11.2 and the PAH ionization fraction, while that with 12.7/11.2 is slightly negative, suggesting PAH structural changes. The relation with PAH size and 6.2/11.2 is negative, while that with 12.7/11.2 is positive. Averaging spectra into five E(B − V) and three T dust bins shows an evolution in PAH emission and variations in 12.7/11.2. Database-fits show an increase in f i and the PAH ionization parameter γ, but a more stable large PAH fraction. While the largest γs are associated with the highest T dust, there is no one-to-one correlation. The analysis is hampered by low-quality data at short wavelengths. There are indications that PAHs in the more-diffuse backgrounds behave differently from those in the general interstellar medium. However, they are often still associated with larger scale filamentary cloud-like structures. The spectra and auxiliary data have been made available through the Ames Background Interstellar Medium Spectral Catalog and may guide JWST programs.

Intelligent waste management: Maximize profits and minimize waste using IOT and AI

The article presents an innovative waste Container Management System for restaurants which incorporates the IoT and AI to increase effectiveness and decrease waste. Through smart dust bins that has embedded sensors and machine learning, the system can classify and measure food waste effectively in real time. This innovation affords the restaurants precise data on the waste cycles as well as the stock control to avoid over-ordering. The success of the proposed system can be also attested through high classification accuracy of food waste and the usage of models such as MLP which reached up to 96.44%. Through these technologies, food wastage, and operational costs are reduced while at the same time ensuring sustainable practices that have a reduced impact on the environment are employed. In general, the system supports better decision-making and increased profitability in the restaurant business concerning waste management and supply chain management. This optimised approach does away with the wastage which would have reduced revenues, consequently improving the business’ financial performance.

Autonomous robot vacuum system composed of a cleaner robot and a dust storage robot

In this paper, we address an autonomous robot vacuum system, composed of two robots. Conventional robot vacuum has a small dust bin, and its suction power is low. This low cleaning power has been considered as a defect of a conventional robot vacuum. If we use a large robot vacuum with high cleaning power, then we cannot clear various narrow environments, such as narrow space under a sofa. To resolve this problem, we address an autonomous robot vacuum system composed of a small Cleaner Robot (CR) and a large dust Storage Robot (SR). The CR and the SR are connected using a hose, thus they must maneuver as a pair. The role of the small CR is to clean various environments, such as narrow space under a sofa. The CR is small, thus it cannot contain a large motor for increasing its cleaning power. The dust sucked by the CR is transmitted to the SR through the hose. The SR is large, hence it can have a large motor for increasing its cleaning power compared to a conventional robot vacuum. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is novel in addressing an autonomous robot vacuum system composed of a CR and a SR. Our paper is unique in addressing the path plan of these two connected robots, so that the entire open workspace can be cleaned by the CR as fast as possible. Under MATLAB simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of path planning for our autonomous robot vacuum system. We show that the proposed tethered robots improve the cleaning efficiency, compared to the case where a single large robot vacuum is applied.

IJCM_158A: Usage and disposal of plastic waste among general population in urban slums of Field practice area, Gandhi medical college, Telangana.

Background: Plastics, owing to their ease of use and affordability, have taken over every aspect of our modern world. It has become an essential aspect of our everyday lives, permeating every sector from food packaging to toys and electronics, to the degree that it is unimaginable to picture a world without it. Plastic takes around 15 to 1000 years to biodegrade. The consumption of plastic by individuals and the ineffective reuse or recycling of it has detrimental effects on the ecosysystem. Overusing plastic and neglecting disposal solutions for plastic over a long time led not only India but many other nations to adopt laws to limit plastic because of its increasing environmental damage. Objectives: 1. To determine the utilization and disposal of plastic waste among general population in urban slums. 2. To study association between sociodemographic factors and plastic usage and disposal. Methodology: Study Design: A cross sectional analytical study Study Population: General population residing in urban slum Sampling Technique: Simple random sampling Sample Size:216 (p= 50%, l= 7, NR=10%) Study Tools: Self-designed, semi structured, pilot-tested questionnaire will be used for the data collection which will be entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS statistical software version 20. Results: Usage of plastic was seen in all the study participants and more than 96% of them were reusing the plastics more than once. Most common method was disposing plastic in municipal dust bins (60.2%) followed by open dumping (20.9%), whereas 16.4% were reusing them for other purposes. Level of education and religion has no association with proper disposal of plastic waste. Present study observed that there was a significantly high percentage (96.1%) of three generation families were following proper plastic waste disposal methods followed by nuclear and Joint families with 56.9% and 48.8% respectively. with P≤0.05. Conclusion: Most common method was disposing plastic in municipal dust bins followed by open dumping. Level of education and religion has no association with proper disposal of plastic waste.

Recycling of Polycarbonate/Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Blends with Flame Retardant Additives for 3D Printing Filament

Recycling waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) for valuable materials is a critical aspect of the circular economy and sustainable waste management. Recycling these solid wastes into value-added products is one method for reducing landfill waste and pollution. The purpose of this research was to investigate the recyclability of plastic wastes of Polycarbonate Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene blends with Brominated Flame-Retardant additives (PC-ABS-FR). Two types of plastic wastes, PC-ABS-FR (GL) and PC-ABS-FR (DB), were collected and converted into polymer chips using a mechanical process. To study the effectiveness of waste recyclability, 3D printing filaments were produced through the extrusion process. Chemical elements, functional groups, and thermal and mechanical properties of recycled products were evaluated using EDX, FTIR, DSC, and universal tensile testing equipment, respectively. TGA, cone calorimetry, and melt flow index analyses were also carried out. The results showed that recycled PC- ABS–FR (GL) waste-based filament samples had better thermal and mechanical properties. On the contrary, PC- ABS–FR (DB) waste recyclability was not effective in filament extrusion. The mechanical properties of the 3D printing filaments produced from PC-ABS-FR electronic waste were found to be similar to those observed in commercially available and previously reported filaments. The strength, thermal property, cross-sectional homogeneity, and filament diameter of 1.8 ± 0.03 mm of the 3D printer filament made from PC- ABS–FR (GL) were suitable for 3D printing applications such as children’s toys, dust bins, and flower vases.

Implementation of Waste Management System

In the present days, many times we see that the garbage bins or dust bins are placed at public placesin the urban cities, that which are overflowing due to the increase in the waste every day. It creates anunhygienic condition for the people and creates bad smell around the surroundings. In the recent scenario, due to the rapid growth of population disorganization of city government a lack of public awareness and limited fund for a program of waste management garbage disposal became a cause of concern in the world. This leads to spreading some deadly diseases & human illness. Most of theviruses and the bacteria infection developed in the unclean and unhygienic environment. To maintain a strategic distance from such circumstances we have proposed wireless waste management system. Which allows multiple corporations to monitor the status of dust beansremotely over a server, and keeps cities clean and hygiene very efficiently by optimizing cost and time required for it. Waste management from its inception to its disposal is one of the important challenges for municipal corporations all over the world. When this was not in existence the garbage was overflowing and people were getting all the diseases. In urban areas, people should beaware of this condition of overflowing garbage. With this overflowing of garbage on roadstransportation problem occurs. The people who work in municipal corporations will hesitate to pick all the overflowing garbage this is also a cause for developing unhygienic atmosphere. To overcome this problem, we can use sensors and detect where the dustbin is overflowing. By this sensor, the higher authority will get to know about this garbage overflow and then the information can be passed and action could be taken on the municipal corporation.

Adherence to Standard Precautions and Associated Factors Among Healthcare Workers at Public and Private Hospitals in Northeast Ethiopia.

Standard precautions are crucial for infection control in healthcare. Studies show public hospitals' adherence, but data on private hospitals are scarce. Understanding this disparity is vital for safety, policy, and better patient outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to assess precautions and associated factors among healthcare workers at public and private hospitals in Northeast Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study compared healthcare institutions. A total of 470 workers participated via stratified random sampling. Data collection used a pre-tested questionnaire and observation checklist. Epi data managed entry, while STATA analyzed. Binary logistic regression determined significance (P<0.05) for variables. The overall adherence to standard precautions was 51.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 46.9-56.2). At public and private hospitals, it was 52.2% (95% CI: 45.6-58.6) and 60.4% (95% CI: 53.9-66.9), respectively. In public hospitals adherence was affected by female sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.58; 95% CI: 1.32-5.02], availability of written guidelines [AOR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.62-5.94], having good knowledge [AOR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.03-4.11] and favorable attitude towards standard precautions [AOR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.14-4.27]. In private hospitals, it was affected by the availability of running tape water [AOR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.10-5.04], personal protective equipment (AOR: 2.22; 95% CI; 1.01-4.93), color-coded dust bins [AOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.04-5.21], having good knowledge [AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.07-4.13] and favorable attitude [AOR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.39-4.97]. The adherence to standard precautions was higher among private than public hospital healthcare workers in Dessie City, Ethiopia. Thus, ensuring adequate availability of personal protective equipment, safety materials, and running tap water in working rooms, particularly in public hospitals is highly recommended. The initiatives aimed at promoting adherence to standard precautions should be designed and put into action for public hospitals.

Classification, Collection, and Notification of Medical Waste Using IoT Based Smart Dust Bins

Classification, Collection, and Notification of Medical Waste Using IoT Based Smart Dust Bins

Splitting the lentils: Clues to galaxy/black hole coevolution from the discovery of offset relations for non-dusty versus dusty (wet-merger-built) lenticular galaxies in theMbh–M*,spheroid andMbh–M*,galaxy diagrams

ABSTRACTThis work advances the (galaxy morphology)-dependent (black hole mass, Mbh)–(spheroid/galaxy stellar mass, M*) scaling relations by introducing ‘dust bins’ for lenticular (S0) galaxies. Doing so has led to the discovery of Mbh–M*,sph and Mbh–M*,gal relations for dusty S0 galaxies – built by major wet mergers and comprising half the S0 sample – offset from the distribution of dust-poor S0 galaxies. The situation is reminiscent of how major dry mergers of massive S0 galaxies have created an offset population of ellicular and elliptical galaxies. For a given Mbh, the dust-rich S0 galaxies have 3–4 times higher M*,sph than the dust-poor S0 galaxies, and the steep distributions of both populations in the Mbh–M*,sph diagram bracket the $M_{\rm bh} \propto M_{\rm *,sph}^{2.27+/-0.48}$ relation defined by the spiral galaxies, themselves renovated through minor mergers. The new relations offer refined means to estimate Mbh in other galaxies and should aid with: (i) constructing (galaxy morphology)-dependent black hole mass functions; (ii) estimating the masses of black holes associated with tidal disruption events; (iii) better quantifying evolution in the scaling relations via improved comparisons with high-z data by alleviating the pickle of apples versus oranges; (iv) mergers and long-wavelength gravitational wave science; (v) simulations of galaxy/black hole coevolution and semi-analytic works involving galaxy speciation; plus (vi) facilitating improved extrapolations into the intermediate-mass black hole landscape. The role of the galaxy’s environment is also discussed, and many potential projects that can further explore the morphological divisions are mentioned.

Investigation of aerosol direct radiative forcing during a dust storm using a regional climate model over Turkiye

Dust particles originating from arid zones can be transported long distances and change the radiation budget. Understanding atmospheric aerosols and their radiative forcing is important to determine their global and regional climate effects. The aim of this study is to simulate the dust transport event that occurred on March 22, 2018, using RegCM-4.5 and investigate the radiative forcing effect of Saharan dust particles. The model was run with the 4 dust bin chemistry option and the direct effect of aerosols on the regional radiation balance was investigated. Validation of the model was made by a comparison between simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) and MODIS satellite data. The radiative forcing at the top and surface was calculated at all sky conditions. During the dust episode, the shortwave radiative forcing was ranging between -3 and -50 W/m2 at surface and -2 and -22 W/m2 at top of atmosphere while the longwave radiative forcing was between 0.5 and 8 W/m2 at surface and 0.2 and 2 W/m2 at top of atmosphere over Turkiye. In Istanbul it produced a cooling up to -18 W/m2 at surface and -9 W/m2 at top of atmosphere, a warming up to 3.5 W/m2 at surface and 0.6 W/m2 at top of atmosphere.

SmartBin: An Approach to Smart Living Community Using IoT Techniques and Tools

Nowadays, individuals are getting steadily dynamic in achieving the possible ways to clean their environment. The concerned teams have initiated other developments to build tidiness. Previously, prior data on filling the trash container was required, which cautions and sends cautioning messages to the city workers for cleaning the trash receptacle on schedule and protecting the city. In this framework, numerous dustbins through urban areas from various regions are associated with utilizing IoT innovation. This program can be used conveniently to verify the status of the dust bin, the garbage in the dust containers, clean the dust bin on time, and maintain the atmosphere's safety and prevent contamination from overflows from the dust containers. So, people don't have to test everyone's work manually, so they'll get a warning if the container is full. A sensor over the garbage container would be placed to detect the full amount of waste, and when it exceeds the excessive volume, a warning will be transmitted to the company office. The proposed framework based on Arduino IDE, cloud computing concept and Load Sensor will help clean any city. Load Sensors are utilized to distinguish the dimension of trash gathered in the containers. The application also gets Latitude and Longitude estimations of the territory where the Garbage Bins are put.

Evaluation and conversion of temple waste flowers into incense sticks in Tumakuru district of Karnataka, india

In any waste management process, the 3 R’s, i.e., Recycling, Reuse and Recover play a very important role. The present work focuses on collection, handling, and usage of waste flowers. A large volume of flower waste generated daily at Tumakuru is improperly disposed of in open places or in dust bins and finally reaches landfill along with the other municipal solid wastes. As a part of India’s Swachh Bharat programme, this paper gives an idea of reducing the flower waste quantity and converting them into incense sticks. The various types of flowers were analysed and compared based on the results obtained from physicochemical properties. SEM and EDS were used to determine the surface morphology and chemical compositions of crushed flowers, respectively. From the SEM study, it can be seen that filament type, cave type and stripelike textures were observed on the surfaces of crushed flowers, and the EDS analysis has shown that the rose flower powder has a rich amount of carbon (66.98 %) and yellow chrysanthemum flower contains less carbon (37.68 %) compared to other crushed flowers. Also, this paper demonstrates the practical aspects in making incense sticks from flower waste. It was suggested that dumping process must be managed with flexibility, following strict implementation of the applicable legislation, and awareness programs are needed to collect and reuse flower waste from different sources.

Fragmentation with discontinuous Galerkin schemes: non-linear fragmentation

ABSTRACT Small grains play an essential role in astrophysical processes such as chemistry, radiative transfer, and gas/dust dynamics. The population of small grains is mainly maintained by the fragmentation process due to colliding grains. An accurate treatment of dust fragmentation is required in numerical modelling. However, current algorithms for solving fragmentation equation suffer from an overdiffusion in the conditions of 3D simulations. To tackle this challenge, we developed a discontinuous Galerkin scheme to solve efficiently the non-linear fragmentation equation with a limited number of dust bins.

Revolutionizing Waste Management in Smart Cities: An IoT-Powered Solution

Garbage monitoring of collection is a crucial issue for most cities today, and it has become a significant concern in urban areas. The current garbage monitoring and management system is incredibly inefficient, which raises the price of collection and transportation. We propose to design a " Smart Waste Management System for Smart Cities Using IOT" to prevent situations where dust bins are seen overflowing due to poor monitoring and collection, which can cause long-term issues including unpleasant odor and hazardous infections. As its primary microprocessor, NODEMCU is used in this intelligent waste management system. It measures the amount of waste in the trashcan using the ultrasonic sensor as a level detector. The ability to detect waste volume not only contributes to the development of a smart city but also helps in the development of waste reduction and recycling strategies that are more effective and environmentally beneficial as taken from references.

Movable Smart Dust Bin Using IoT

This paper discusses more on the smart way of collecting the waste from people and segregation and decomposition methods using IoT interface techniques. This IoT interface consists of a development board from Arduino and interfaced with many sensors like IR, motion, and ultrasonic sensors. It is also having an option to interface alarm and display like 7-segment LED and LCD. When the people walk near to the dust bin for throwing the waste materials, the dust bin automatically opens the door and closes in a time interval set by the designer. Also these dust bins are smart to communicate to the central administrator for the status of the bins like empty or full. Once the full signal is reached to the central administrator, they can easily replace those dust bins. The dust bins brought to the central location can go further classification based on waste segregation automatically, which ensures efficient operation in waste management.

LoRa Based Smart City (Long Range)

The mission is to trace the placement of the women and children for the purpose of their safety in the vicinity with a help of a GPS module integrated on the carrying device. A panic button is deployed on the same device. Whenever an individual is in urgency, the panic button has to be enabled. The transmitter passes info to a gateway (pycom) via LoRa communication. From pycom, information is directed to the IBM cloud using Wi-Fi so that the organization can observe the intensely contaminated areas, temperature, humidity, working status of street light, geofence, filled status of dust bin, and take proper action. A web-application is developed using Nodered, one of the services provided by the IBM cloud through which admin can monitor the above parameters in pictorial form. The coding used for the transmitter is C, which is done in Arduino IDE. For the receiver, it is micro-python using Atom software.

Industrial Internet of things-based solar photo voltaic cell waste management in next generation industries.

Nowadays, modern industries generate their energy by using renewable solar. The rapid increase in photovoltaic (PV) module installations provides a better energy conversion, but their life cycle is a major concern. This research paper focuses on the recycling process for solar PV modules using the Internet of Things in industries. The smart bin with the Internet of Things (IoT) utilizes a machine learning approach to collect solar waste. The proposed smart bin uses k-Nearest Neighbor's algorithm (k-NN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), a network-based learning algorithm. These algorithms are useful in updating the level of the bin via alert messages. It also helps in identifying the type of waste material. The k-NN algorithm provides 83% accuracy in predicting the bin level in a real-time testing environment. The smart dust bin classifies the waste materials, and notifies its level to the collection center through the IoT platform when the level reaches a prescribed threshold, the signal corresponding to the level is passed to the common waste collection unit. IoT is connected to Cloud Server. It helps to predict the level of the smart bin. Delay is introduced in the order of 3-8s while the alert message is sent to the common waste collection unit. The system monitors the smart bin levels and sends the notifications to alert and initiate the collection unit. Real-time mobile app monitors the bin's level and location. The cloud IoT analytics analyze the solar e-waste in a different locations in industries.The proposed system works better and provides accurate results by using machine learning approach.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of unused and expired medication disposal among second year medical students

Background: Medications are not only used for disease treatment, but also for diagnosis and prevention of the disease. Not all the prescribed drugs are used by the patients, due to lack of adherence to therapy, there are chances of stocking up the unused or expired drugs at home. It is important to provide practical and scientific guidelines for the safe disposal of expired, unused, and leftover medications. Most developing countries lack standard guidelines for the safe disposal of expired, unused, and leftover medications. There are very few studies conducted in this region to assess the knowledge of the safe disposal of unused drugs. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of disposal of unused or expired medications. Materials and Methods: This was cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted among 2nd year undergraduate medical students at a Medical College in South India. The questionnaire included three parts: Part I includes demographic details of the students and questions on knowledge of safe disposal of expire/unused drugs, Part II includes questions on attitude towards the safe disposal of expired/unused drugs, and Part III includes questions on practices toward the safe disposal of expired/unused drugs. The responses received from the participant was analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2019 version), and the results are explained in frequency and percentage. Results: A total of 118 2nd year medical undergraduate students participated in the present study. Out of 118, 62 (52.5%) were female students and 56 (47.4%) were male students. Among all the participants, 98 (83%) of students said that they are aware of medicinal waste. In the present study, 73 (61.8%) students knew about the safe disposal of unused, expired, and leftover medications. Most of the students (93.2%), agreed that unsafe disposal of unused, expired, and leftover medications would adversely affect the environmental, animal as well as human health. And 50% of the students, strongly agreed that educational activities like drug take-back programs should be introduced among the public people. When the students were asked about their practice of keeping expired, unused, or left-over drugs at home, 66.1% (78) of the students said yes and 47.2% (40) of the students said they do not keep the leftover medicine at home. Topical formulations (63.5%) were the most common group of drugs that were stored. The majority of students (73%) reported that they would throw unused/expired medications in dust bins at home. Self-discontinuation is most the common reason for storing drugs in the majority of the study participants (39%). Conclusion: In the present study, the 2nd-year medical undergraduate students had awareness regarding the harmful events associated with improper disposal of unused or expired drugs. But due to lack of information or knowledge of safer methods available, majority of the students were following inappropriate methods for disposing leftover or expired medication at home. Indian Government should provide national level guidelines and conduct awareness programs, mediated through healthcare professionals to bring significant changes about the disposal of unused or expired medications.

Determinants of microbial contamination of cooked foods hawked in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Introductionhawking of cooked foods is an important socio-economic activity. However, hawked cooked foods are prone to contamination, especially by pathogenic microorganisms.Methodsthis was a cross-sectional study of 151 cooked food hawkers and 151 cooked food samples, one sample each from every respondent. Data was collected through questionnaires, observation checklists, laboratory processes, and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic network analysis technique.Resultsadjusted multinomial logistic regression revealed increased odds of microbial contamination in cooked foods hawked by persons with primary-level education (adjusted odds ratio) AOR = 9.278, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.292, 37.548; p = 0.003), persons earning a profit of Ksh. ≤500.00 (AOR = 4.046, 95% CI 1.825, 8.969; p = 0.001), and in areas infested with rodents (AOR = 6.386, 95% CI 1.877, 21.724; p = 0.003). However, cooked foods hawked by males (AOR = 0.338, 95% CI 0.133, 0.856; p = 0.022), persons trained on food safety (AOR = 0.216, 95% CI 0.064, 0.733; p = 0.014), persons wearing outer garments (AOR = 0.399, 95% CI 0.196, 0.812; p = 0.011), and by persons who stored their garbage in a municipal receptacle or a standard dust bin (AOR = 0.13, 95% CI 0.041, 0.410; p = 0.000) recorded reduced risk of contamination.Conclusionhawker´s characteristics, food handling practices, and the condition of the hawking station are important determinants of microbial contamination of cooked foods hawked in Tharaka Nithi County. Targeted interventions need to be developed and implemented to prevent related foodborne diseases.